BIOCHEMICALS EFFECTS OF TOXIC CHEMICLAS

SUBMITTED TO- SARLA DEVISUBMITTED BY- ARJUN 11107011

What is Toxicity?Toxicity is the potential of a chemical to induce an adverse effect in a living organism Toxicity is the degree to which a substance can damage an organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as acell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity). By extension, the word may be metaphorically used to describe toxic effects on larger and more complex groups, such as the family unit or society at large.

There are generally three types of toxic entities

1.Chemical

2.Biological

3.Physical

Chemical toxicants

include inorganic substances such as lead, mercury, asbestos, hydrofluoric acid, and chlorine gas, organic compounds such asmethyl alcohol, most medications, and poisons from living things.

Biological toxicants

include bacteria and viruses that can induce disease in living organisms. Biological toxicity can be difficult to measure because the "threshold dose" may be a single organism. Theoretically one virus, bacterium or worm can reproduce to cause a serious infection. However, in a host with an intact immune system the inherent toxicity of the organism is balanced by the host's ability to fight back; the effective toxicity is then a combination of both parts of the relationship. A similar situation is also present with other types of toxic agents.

Physical toxicants

are substances that, due to their physical nature, interfere with biological processes. Examples include coal dust and asbestos fibers, both of which can ultimately be fatal if inhaled.

SOURCES OF TOXIC CHEMICALS•Chlorine in water in which you shower, bathe & swim, drinking water, cleaning supplies such as bleach, "white" flour, sugar products and more!•Plastic chemicals leach into your body from water bottles, drink and food containers, packaged foods, pacifiers, diapers, kid's sippie cups, some dance and gymnastics clothing, other clothes, dental and sports mouth guards, lining of canned foods, lawn furniture, garden hose, vinyl toys and flooring, shower curtains, extension cords, some food wraps, and more!•Formaldehyde is a byproduct of the chemical that is in diet anything, new building material, nail polish, most vaccines, carpets and more! *note (DIET means they take out the sugar and replace it with another toxic, cancer-causing chemical - sugar is actually the lesser of the 2 evils!) Drink water - see Hydration Section.•Food Dyes and Colors is in packaged foods, sports drinks, candy, kid's "fruit" and "juice" products, and more! If a product can stain a tongue or the floor when applied, why are we consuming them?

• Pesticides are found in our commercial foods due to fertilizers, herbicides, bug-killers and sprays, commercial produce, anti-bacterial hand sanitizers and soaps, pet flea collars, flowers from garden, lawn & garden products, and more!

•Fragrances and Perfumes are in colognes, perfumes, detergents, bathroom sprays, cleaning products, skincare products that are not natural, and more!

•Medications themselves and their byproducts, found in over the counter and prescription meds, anything medicated, band-aids, antacids, steroid or cortisone creams, anything you buy at a pharmacy or receive from your prescribing doctor. I legally cannot take anyone off of their prescribed medications, but what I can do is support your body nutritionally while you take them and you work with your doctor on weaning off or decreasing your doses while you repair with nutritional therapy.

•Preservatives found in packaged foods, medications and more! If a real food is

• packaged and set on the shelf, how long should it last? I know several people who are conducting their own studies, including myself, who have fast food hamburgers that are over 2 years old, and there is no mold or deterioration on those burgers or buns. Hmm.

• Petroleum Solvents are found in many skincare products, laundry and household detergents, isopropyl alcohol, any household or occupational product that contains a "propyl" ingredient, and more

•Acetates/Acetones are found in nail polish and removers, paint thinners and removers, and more

•Dry Cleaning Chemicals form dry cleaners. You can find cleaners who use a non-chemical approach.

•Exhaust Fumes and Heavy Chemicals from vehicle emissions and chemicals such as dioxins, toluene, styrene, xylem, found in industrial activities and fires, enter the food chain and end up in fatty meats, fish and dairy products, and more!Aluminum is found in antacids, antiperspirants, aluminum cans, kitchen utensils, paints, dental composites, cookware, and more

•Arsenic is found in pressure treated wood, wood preservatives, insecticides, wine, well water, seafood (shellfish), treated lumber, poisons, pigments and more!Antimony is mainly found in pigments and medications.

• Cadmium is found in evaporated milk, shellfish, cigarette smoke, water from galvanized pipes, sewage sludge, paint, pigments, air pollution and more

•Chromium is found in dyes, pigments, air pollution, dental crowns, pressure treated wood, synthetic vitamin supplements, and more

•Copper is in sewage sludge, copper plumbing, beer, swimming pools, inorganic or synthetic mineral supplements, dental crowns, copper cookware, and more

ROUTE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS

Respiratory System RouteSkin: stratified squamous epithelial tissueRespiratory system: squamous epithelium, cilated columnar and cuboidal epithelium

Non-keratinized, but cilated tissues and muscus-secreting cells provide “mucociliary escalator

Nasopharyngeal.– Nostrils, nasopharynx, oropharynx,

laryngopharynx.– Hairs and mucus; trap >5 μm particulates.

Tracheobronchial.– Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles; cillial action.– Luminal mucus aerosols and gases.

Pulmonary– Alveoli - high surface area gas exchange with

cardiovascular system.

Digestive System Route

Tissue differentiation.Mucosa– Avascular, s. squamus or columnar

epithelium.– In some regions villi and microvilli

structure aids in absorption (high surface area).

Submucosa– Blood, lymph system interface.Muscularis (movement).Serosa (casing).

Integumentary System RouteSkin, hair, nails, mammary glands. Skin is the largest organ in the body.

Epidermis.

– Avascular, keratinized stratum corneum, 15- 20 cells thick, provides most toxicant protection.

Dermis.

– Highly vascularized; nerve endings, hair follicles, sweat and oil glands.

Hypodermis.

– Connective and adipose tissue.

Storage of toxicantsAccumulation of toxicants in specific tissues.Binding to plasma proteins.

Albumin most abundant and common binderStorage in bones.

Heavy metals, like PbStorage in liver.

Blood flow, biotransformationStorage in the kidneys.Storage in fat.

Lipophilic compounds

TOXIC EFFECTS OF HG

Mercury compounds are acutely toxic to freshwater microorganismsFreshwater fish show lethal response to mercury in acute concentrations starting at 30ug/LThe LC50/96-hour values for fish are less than 1 mg/L.Many aquatic inverts. are very sensitive to mercury (esp. larvae)Methyl mercury passes the blood brain-barrier and nuclear membranes to react directly with cellular and nuclear componentsAccumulation of Hg in the brain, compared to blood and muscle, is much less is fish than mammals (lack external barriers and internal detoxification system)

HOW HG ENTER FOOD CHAIN

COUMPOUNDS OF HG IN USED IN SEED DRESSING

TOXICITY OF Hg DEPENDS UPON ITS SPEICES

Pb CHLEATES

METABOLISM OF Cd

DEFORMATION IN HUMANS AND ANIMALS