CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1

BIOLOGY AND ITS MAJOR FIELDS

MCQs

1.The branch of biology that deals with the study of organisms inhabiting seas and oceans is called

a) Marine biology

b) Environmental biology

c) Fresh water biology

d) None of these2.Plasmodium was discovered by

a) Pasteur

b) Lavaran

c) Ross

d) Linnaeus

3.Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with

a) Drugs

b) Radiations

c) Vaccines

d) Both b & c4.Ferns flourished during the Permian and ___________ era

a) Carboniferous

b) Triassic

c) Jurassic

d) Silurian5.Somatic cell is represented by

a) Egg cell

b) Sperm

c) Body cell

d) Both a & b6.All of the following diseases can be controlled by vaccines except:

a) Measles

b) Mumps

c) Rabies

d) Cancer7.The first cloned mammal was a

a) Mouse

b) Goat

c) Sheep

d) Cow

8.Five-kingdom system of classification was proposed by

a) Whittaker

b) Linnaeus

c) Robert Brown

d) Edward Jenner

9.Phyletic lineage means:Evolutionary history of an organism

Arranging an organism in taxonomic category

Sequence of taxonomic categories

Study of fossils

10.A statement that gives tentative explanation of observation is called:

a)Hypothesis b)Deduction c)Principle d) Law11. A large regional community determined by climate is called: a) Ecosphere b. Biosphere c) Biome d) Ecosystem12.Which organisms are being used as bio-pesticide? a) Viruses b) Fungi c) Bacteria d) Protozoa 13.Plants having foreign DNA incorporated into their calls are called:

a) Transgenic plants b) Eugenic plants c) Hybrids d) Genic plants14.Production of genetically identical copies of cells or organism by asexual reproduction is called:

a) Genetic engineering b)Cloning c) Copying d) Biotechnology15.The technique used to test whether certain nutrient is essential for plant or not is termed as:

a) tissue-culture technique b) Hydroponics c) Culturing d) Nutrition16.Vaccination was first discovered by:

a)Edward Jenner b)Louis Pasteur

c)Linnaeus d) Robert Koch17. Which types of observations have more accuracy?

a) Qualitative b) Quantitative c) Tentative d) All are equal

18.Which of the following is not a viral disease?

a) Cow pox b) Small pox c) Mumps d) Cholera

19.Which of the following is not related to cloning?

a) Formation of embryob) Replacement of the nucleus of Zygote by another nucleus of the same organism

c) The individual organisms have similar genetic make up.

d) Formation of identical twins

20 Which one is the highest level of organization?a) Species b) Population c) Community d) GenusANSWERS

1. a

2. b

3. a

4. b

5. c

6. c

7. c

8. a

9. a

10. a

11. c12. c13. a

14. b

15. b

16. a 17. a

18. b

19. a20.cSHORT QUESTIONS

CH # 1

1.Differentiate between marine biology and fresh water biology?

2.What is the difference between evolution and paleontology?

3.Give differences between prokarytotic and Eukaryotic cells?

4.How coordination occurs in animals?

5.What is biome? How biome of a region is determined?

6.How the age of the fossils is determined?

7.Define biodiversity?

8.What is a phyletic lineage?

9.Differentiate between deductive and inductive reasoning?

10.How transgenic plants are formed?

11.What is biological control? Give an example.12.What is hydroponic culture technique? Is it practicable?

13.What is radiotherapy?

14.How the faulty genes are repaired?

15.Define a clone.16.Briefly discuss the procedure of cloning?

17.Some algae and bacteria reduce the pollution. Name the process and give

examples. 18.What are endangered species?

19. Name various levels of biological organization. 20. What are the features that distinguish living organisms from non-living things?

CHAPTER 2

UNITY OF LIFE

MCQs

1.The amount of carbohydrates in a mammalian cell is:a) 2%b) 3%c) 4%d) 5%

2.All of the following are disaccharides except

a) Maltose

b) Sucrose

c) Galactose

d) Lactose3.Glycogen is the principal carbohydrate reserve in

a) Plants

b) Bacteria

c) Animals

d) Both a & b4.Insulin is made of 51 amino acids arranged in two polypeptide chains. One chain contains 21 amino acids and the other contains: a) 20 amino acids

b) 25 amino acids

c) 30 amino acids

d) 35 amnio acids

5.Lipids differ from carbohydrates in that they contain a much smaller proportion of:

Hydrogen

Carbon

Oxygen

d) Nitrogen 6.Phospholipids contain:2 fatty acids3 fatty acids5 fatty acids d) 4 fatty acids7.Cytosine and guanine are linked by:

2 hydrogen bonds4 hydrogen bonds6 hydrogen bonds3 hydrogen bonds

8.NAD is a:

Mononucleotide

Dinucleotide

Polynucleotide

d) None of these9.Who first determined the sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule?

F. Sanger

W. S. Sutton

BeadleWatson

10.These are formed by a combination of proteins and carbohydrates:Glycoproteins

Glycolipid

LipoproteinNucleoproteins

11.Glycolipids & glycoproteins are called:

a)Prothetic molecules b)Conjugated molecules

c)compound molecule d) Complex molecules 12.The termSaccharides is derived from the word Sakcharon, meaning:

a) Sugar b)Salt c) amino acid d) Soil13.The word Sakcharon is derived from:

a)Greek b)Latin c) Spanish d) French14.Tetroses occur in:

a)Viruses b)bacteria c)fungi d) Higher plants15.The most abundant hexose sugar in nature is:

a) Fructose b) glucose c) galactose d) Ribulose16.Ribofuranose is a:

a)3 Cornered ring (b)4 cornered ring

c)5 - cornered ring (d) 6-cornered ring 17.Our blood contains normally _____ glucose.

a) 0.08 % b) 1.8 % c)0.8 % d) 2.8 %18. Formation of RNA from DNA is called: a) Translation b) Trancription c) Translocation d) Transduction19. Rubber is an example of:

a) Proteins b) Terpenoids c) Carbohydrates d) SteroidsWhich one is a fibrous protein?

a) Enzyme b) Hormone c) Keratin d) Antibody

ANSWERS

1. c

2. c

3. c

4. c5. c

6. a

7.d8.b9.a

10.a

11. b 12. a

13. a 14. b

15. b

16. c 17. a

18. b

19. b 20. c

CH # 2SHORT QUESTIONS

1.Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism.2.Give some properties of monosaccharides. 3.Draw ring shaped structures of Ribose and glucose.4. Differentiate between amylose and amylopectin starch.5.How can you Differentiate starch from glycogen?

6.What is an ester?

7.What is the chemical composition of phospholipids?

8.What important roles do lipids play in living organisms?

9.Give some important functions of proteins.10.Differentiate between fibrous and globular proteins.11.Name the three types of RNAs.12.What is the function of t RNA ?

13.Define conjugated molecules.14.Differentiate between DNA and RNA

15.What do you know about sickle-cell haemoglobin?CHAPTER 3

ENZYMES

MCQs

1.The non-protein part needed by an enzyme for its normal functioning is called:

a) Cofactor b) Co-enzyme c) Prosthetic group d) All

2.The catalytic activity of an enzyme is restricted to its:

a) Binding site

b) Active site

c) Surface sited) None of them

3.The energy required for a chemical reaction to start is known as:a) Enthalpy

b) Activation

c) Entropyd) Starting

4.A molecule of ATP is structurally most similar to a molecule of:RNA nucleotide

Amino acid

DNA nucleotide

Fatty acid

5.Lock and key model regarding the substrate and enzyme interaction was proposed by:

a) Emil Ficher

b) Robert koch

c) Koshlandd) Robert Brown

6.Which of the following does not affect enzyme activity? a) pH b) Temperature c) Oxygen d) Enzyme concentration7.Extreme changes in pH break bonds in the enzyme, causing its:

a) Saturation

b) Inhibition

c) Denaturationd) Desaturation

8.What sort of medium is required by an enzyme for its activity?

Dry medium

Aqueous medium

SaturatedAll

9.Enyzmes are ____ in nature:

a) Protein b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Vitamins10.Without enzymes the reaction will proceed at very ____ speed.

a) Low b)Moderate c)High d) Extremely high11.The kind and sequence of aminoin a protein forms its:

a) Primary structure

b) Secondary structure

c) Tertiary structure

d) Quaternary structure 12.Which one is an activator?

a) H+b) Cu+ c) HCO3- d) CO213. The optimum pH for pepsin is: a) 1.00 b) 2.00 c) 3.00

14.The detachable co-factor is known as:

a) Prosthetic group b) co-enzyme c) activator d) Holoenzyme15.The Covalently-bonded, non-protein part of an enzyme is called:

a) Prosthetic group b) co-enzyme c) holoenzyme d) Activator16.An enzyme with its co-enzyme or prosthetic group removed is designated as:

a) holoenzyme b)apoenzyme c) activator d) None of these17.Which is aa example of enzyme inhibitor?

a) Cyanide b) Antibodies c) Anti-metabolites d) All18.Emil Fisher (1890) proposed:

a)Fluid mosaic model b)unit membrane model

c)Key and lock model. d) Both a & b19.Induced fit model was proposed by:

a) Koshland b) Fischer c) Franklin d) Watson20.If the amount of enzyme is increased by two folds, the reaction rate is:

a) Reduced to half

b) Doubled

c) kept constant

d) Undergoes no change CHAPTER 3

ENZYMES

ANSWERS

1. d2. b

3. b

4 c

5. a

6. c

7. c

8. b

9. a

10. a

11. a

12. b

13. b

14. c

15. a

16. b

17 d

18. a

19. a

20. b

SHORT QUESTIONS

Ch # 3

1. What is the composition of enzymes?

2. What is the damaging effect of pepsin?

3. Give some characteristics of enzymes?

4. What is lock and key model?

5. What is active site?6. How enzyme concentration effects enzyme action?

7. Define optimum PH?

8. What are competitive inhibitors?

9. Define non- competitive inhibitors?

10. What is induced fit hypothesis?

11. What is activation energy?

12. What is meant by feed back inhibition?

CHAPTER 4

THE CELL

MCQs

1.The resolving power of an electron microscope is how much greater than the resolving power of a light microscope?

a) One hundred times

b) One thousand times

c) One million times

d) Twenty times

2.Which of the following molecules show regular movement from nucleus to cytoplasm?

DNA

Glycogen

RNA

Protein

3.Which of the following cellular organelle are responsible for breaking complex molecules like proteins and polysaccharides?

a) Lysosomes

b) Mitochondrion

c) R.E.R

d) Ribosomes

4.Proteins which are to be used outside the cell are manufactured:on free ribosomes

on R.E.R

in mitochondria

in plastids

5.The cellular organelles that are involved in transformation of energy are called:

a) chromoplasts and leucoplasts

b) mitochondria and leucoplasts

c) mitochondria and chloroplastsd) chloroplasts and ribosomes

6.The main light absorbing pigment in land plants is:

Xanthophyll

Chlorophyll

Phycoblin

Plastocyanin

7.Plant cells are connected by channels through their walls termed as:a) Plasmodesmata

b) Sieve-tubes

c) desmosomes

d) Mesosomes

8.In fluid mosaic model, the phospholipid bilayer:

is enclosed in single protein layer

is sandwitched between two protein layers

has proteins embedded in it

is absent

9.Which of the following does not increase the rate of diffusion?

a) Increasing temperature of the fluid

b) Decreasing size of the molecules

c) Increasing the size of the molecules

d) Decreasing concentration of the molecule

10.If animal cell is placed in pure water, what will happen to the cell?

Cell will shrink and die due to exosmosis

No change will be observed

Cell will swell and burst due to endosmosis

All the cells energy will be used to prevent the movement of water molecules into the cell.

11.Pressure exerted on a plant cell wall due to osmotic movement of water is termed as:

a) Osmotic pressure

b) Hypertonic pressure

c) Turgor pressure

d) Hypotonic pressure

12.Which of the following substances does not enter the cells through membrane proteins or by endocytosis?

(a)Amino acids

(b)O2 (oxygen)

(c)Glucose

(d)Proteins

13.The process by which a unicellular organism, engulfs food particle by enclosing it within a pseudopodium and then packaging it in a membrane bounded vacuole is known as:phagocytosis

pinocytosis

monocytosis

exocytosis

14.Detoxification of harmful drugs is characteristic of:a) S.E.R

b) R.E.R

c) Golgi apparatus

d) Lysosomes

15.Which type of cell would be probably the most appropriate in study of chloroplast?

a) Epidermal cellsb) Cortical cells

c) Photosynthetic cells

d) Parenchyma cells

16.One of the following is not double-membrane structure:

Chloroplast

Nucleus

Vacuole

Mitochondria

17.Drosophila melanogaster is commonly called:a) Cadis fly

b) Fruit fly

c) House fly

d) Butter fly

18.These are involved in phagocytic activity:

RibosomesMesosome

Lysosomes

Chromosomes19.Accumulation of lipids in the body cells causes:

a) Glycogenosis type II

b) Tay sachs disease

c) Nervous disease

d) Glycogenosis type I

20.Which of the following is not related to chloroplast?

Granum

ATP

Photolysis of H2O

Protein synthesisCHAPTER 4

THE CELL

ANSWERS

1. One thousand times

2. RNA

3. Lysosomes

4. On R.E.R

5. Mitochondria and chloroplast

6. Chlorophyll

7. Plasmodesmata

8. Has proteins embedded in it

9. Increasing the size of molecules

10. Cell will swell up and burst due to endosmosis

11. Turgor pressure

12. O2 (oxygen)

13. Phagocytosis

14. S.E.R

15. Photosynthatic cells

16. Vacuole

17. fruit fly

18. Lysosome

19. Tay Sachs disease

20. Protein synthesisSHORT QUESTIONS

CH # 4

1. Differentiate between primary and secondary cell wall?

2. What is meant by endoplasmic Reticulam?

3. Give functions of SER?

4. Give functions of RER?

5. Give functions of Golgi complex?

6. Give a brief account of glycogenosis type II?

7. What is the cause of Tay-sachs disease?

8. Give functions of glyoxisomes?

9. Give functions of microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments?

10. In which parts of a plant are chromoplasts and leucoplasts found?

11. Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

12. What is centrifugation?

13. Give salient features of cell theory.14. Briefly describe the structure of nucleolus.15. What are the functions of vacuole?

CHAPTER 5

BIODIVERSITY

MCQs

1.The branch of biology which deals with the classification of organisms is called:a)Physiology

b)Taxonomy

c)Ecology

d)Genetics

2.The basic principle of classification is:

a)Cytology

b)Homology

c)Analogy

d)Physiology

3.A natural system of classification is based on:a)The true genetic relationships of organisms

b)Morphological features of organisms

c)Physiological features of organisms

d)Both b and c

4.Zea mays belongs to the family:

a)Fabaceae

b)Rosaceae

c)Poaceae

d)Solanaceae

5.Who divided living organism into two kingdoms, kingdom plantae and kingdom animalia?a)Linnaeus

b)Aristotle

c)Theophrastus

d)Pasteur

6.The cell wall of fungi is made of:a)Murein

b)Cellulose

c)Chitin

d)Hemicellulose7.The five kingdom system of classification was modified by:

a)Robert Whittaker

b)Linnaeus

c)Margulis and Schwartz

d)Robert Koch

8.TMV was first isolated by:

a)Robert koch

b)Stanley

c)Pasteur

d)Linnaeus

9.HIV is ______________ in shape:

a)Cubical

b)Elongated

c)Spherical

d)Irregular

10.Euglena lies in the kingdom:

a)`Fungi

b)Monera

c)Plantae

d)Protista

11.The lowest taxonomic category is:

a) Speciesb) Tribe c)kingdom d) Order

12.Biological name of corn is:a)Solanum nigrum

b)Zea mays

c)Lathyrus odoratus

d)Cassia fistula13.Corn, rice and wheat belong to family:a)Poaceae

b)Solanaceae

c)Malvaceae d) Fabaceae14.Binomial nomenclature was introduced by:a) Earnst Haeckel

b) Robert Whittaker

c) Carolus Linnaeous

d) Louis Pasteur15.Lycopersicum esculentum is the scientific name of:a)Potatob)Tomato

c)Tobacco

d) Turnip16.Influenza, hepatitis and small pox are related to:a) Bacteria

b) Virusesc) Fungi d) Protozoa17.The word virus means:a)Poisonous fluidb)Diseasec)Death d) Bad air18.The filterable agent was first purified by:a) Twort in 1915

b) Stomeley in 1835

c) Stanley in 1935

d) Stacey in 1939

19. Which of the following are obligate parasites?BacteriaVirusesProtozoans

d) Fungi20.Virion is composed of.

a) Genome and capsid

b) Capsid and capsomere

c) Genome and nucleocapsid

d) None of theseANSWERS

1. b

2. b

3. a

4. c

5. a

6. c

7. c

8. b

9. c

10. d

11. a

12. b

13. a

14. c

15. b

16. b

17. a

18. c

19. b

20. a

SHORT QUESTION

CH # 5

1.Name five kingdoms of the present system of classification. Who proposed this

system?2.What are viruses?

3.What do you know about prions?

4.What are retroviruses?

5.What is reverse transcriptase?

6.Write down the symptoms of hepatitis?

7.Differentiate between homologous and analogous structures?

8.How can a virus multiply in its host?

9.What are capsomeres? How many capsomeres are present in herpes virus and

adenovirus? 10. Give characteristics of viruses.

CHAPTER 6

KINGDOM PROKARYOTAE (Monera)

MCQs

1.Microorganisms were discovered by:

a)Leeuwenhoek

b)Lederberg

c)Darwin

d) Linnaeus2.Cell wall in bacteria is made of:a)Cellulose

b)Chitin

c)Murein

d) Silica3.When a group of flagella is present at one end, the bacteria are called:a) Lophotrichous

b) Amphitrichous

c) Peritrichous

d) Atrichous4.These are round or spherical in shape:

a) Cocci

b) Bacilli

c) Spirilla

d) Both b & c5.Spirochete is:

a) Anaerobic

b) Aerobic

c) Facultative aerobe

d) Obligate aerobe6.It is the process of absorption of DNA into a cell:

a) Transdution

b) Transformation

c) Translocation

d) Transcription7.It is temporary immunity:a) Active immunity

b) Passive immunity

c) Innate immunity

d) None of these8.Cyanobacteria contain reserve food in the form of:

a) Starch

b) Lipid

c) Glycogen

d) Proteins9.All are examples of cyanobacteria except:

a) Nostoc

b) Spirogyra

c) Anabaena

d) Rivularia10.Purple sulphur bacteria are:a) Photosynthetic

b) Chemosynthetic

c) Parasiticd) Saprophytic

11.The two major categories of bacteria are:a)Eubacteria and archaebacteria

b)Eubacteria and Cyanobacteria

c)Monotrichous becteria and atrichous bactria

d)Atrichous bacteria and eubacteria

12.He developed vaccines for anthrax:a) Robert Hookeb) Robert Koch

c) Louis Pasteur

d) Stanley13.It is about 1.1 to 1.5 (m wide and 2 5 ( long:Epulopiscium fishelsoni

Escherichia coli

Streptococci

d) Staphylobacilli

14.When the division of bacterium is in three planes, it will

produce ____ arrangement:a) Sarcina

b) Tetrad

c) streptococccus

d) Diplobacillus15.Escherichia coli is an example of:cocci

spirilla

bacilli

d) none of these16.The example of sprilla is:a) Pseudomonas

b) Vibrio

c) Staphylococcus

d) Streptococcus17.Amphitrichous is a condition when:Flagella surround the whole cell.

Tuft of flagella is present at each pole

Single flagellum is present on one side

d) Flagella are absent18.It provides greater pathogenicity to bacteria:a) Slime

b) Capsule

c) Cell wall

d) Plasmid19.Flagella are made of:Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Calcium20. Bacterial cell wall lacks:a) peptidoglycanb) Techoic acid

c) Steroids like cholesterol

d) ProteinsANSWERS

1. a

2. c

3. a

4. a

5. a

6. b

7. b

8. c

9. b

10. a

11. a

12. c

13. b

14. a

15. c

16. b

17. b

18. a

19. a

20. c

SHORT QUESTIONCH # 6

1. Give two major categories of bacteria?

2. Give postulates of germ theory of disease?

3. Name the structures present in a bacterial cell?

4. What is the general shape of bacteria?

5. Differentiate between Spirillum and spirochete?

6. Give classes of bacteria on the basis of flagella?

7. What are pilli? Give their chemical composition?

8. What is the function of pilli?

9. Give chemical composition of bacterial cell wall?

10. What are cysts? How they differ from spores?

11. Differentiate bacterial photosynthesis from a plant photosynthesis?

12. Give different phases of bacterial growth curve?

13. Give ecological importance of bacteria?

14. Give ecological importance of cyanobacteria?

15. Differentiate between transduction and transformation?

CHAPTER 7

THE KINGDOM PROTISTA

MCQs

1.Trypanosoma belongs to the class:

a) Mastigophora

b) Sarcodina

c) Sporozoa

d) Ciliata2.The locomotory organs in mastigophora are:

a) Flagella

b) Pseudopodia

c) Cilia

d) None of these3.Asexual stage of plasmodium occurs in:

a) Man

b) Anopheles

c) Cats

d) Cows

4.It is the largest of the four protozoan phyla:

a) Mastigophora

b) Sporozoa

c) Ciliata

d) Flagellata5.These are shelled protozoa:a) Foraminifera

b) Sporozoa

c) Ciliata

d) Mastigophora6.The bodies of chytrids are:

a) Haploid

b) Diploid

c) Triploid

d) Both b & c7.Most of the oomycota live in:

a) Water

b) Air

c) Soil

d) Other organisms8.These have silica impregnated walls:a) Oomycota

b) Slime molds

c) Diatoms

d) Flagellates

9.These have two lateral flagella:

a) Euglenophyta

b) Chrysophyta

c) Pyrrophyta

d) Rhodophyta10.Phytophthora causes late blight of:

a) Tomatoes

b) Citrus

c) Potatoes

d) Mango11.Algae differ from plants in that the sex organs in algae are.

a) unicellular b)Multicellular c)Acellular d) Sub-cellular12.Algae with a two-halved shell belong to:

a) Brown algae b) Diatoms c)Euglenoids d)Red algae

13.Polysiphonia is a representative of:

a)Red algae b)Brown algae

c)Green algae d)Diatoms

14.Which of the following is called sea lettuce?

a)Chlamy domonas b)Volvox

c)Ulva d)Chlorella

15.The feeding stage of a slime mold is called:

a)Chitin b)Lignin c)Plasmodium d)Plasma16.Shells of actinopods are made of:

a)Cellulose b)Calcium

c)Silica

d)Sodium

17.Myxomycota are also called:

a)True moldsb)True fungi

c)Slime moldsd)Water molds

18.Plasimodium belongs to.

a)Ciliata

b)Flagellate

c)Apicomplexa d)Diatoms

19. The largest brown algae are called:

a) Diatoms b) Kelps c) Dinoflagellates d) None of these20. Chlorella belongs to:

a) Rhodophyta b) Phaeophyta c) Chlorophyta d) DiatomsANSWERS

1) a

2) a

3) a

4) b

5) a

6) a

7) a

8) c

9) c

10) c

11) a

12) b

13) c

14) c

15) c

16) c

17) c

18) c

19) b

20) c

SHORT QUESTION

CH # 7

1.Name various groups of protozoa.2.What are apicomplexans? Give examples.3.Give functions of contractile vacuole?

4.What are kelps?

5.What is Trichonympha?

6.Give main features of ciliates?

7.What are foraminiferans and actinopods?

8.Give characteristic of Dinoflagellates.9.What are slime molds?

10.Give features of water molds?

CHAPTER 8

THE KINGDOM FUNGI

MCQs

1.Study of fungi is called

a) Phycology

b) Mycology

c) Parasitology

d) Fungology2.They are important as bio-indicators of pollution:

a) Algae

b) Fungi

c) Lichens

d) Bacteria3.Mucor belongs to the phylum:

a) Ascomycota

b) Basidiomycata

c) Zygomycota

d) Deuteromycota4.These are flagellated spores:

a) Aplanospores

b) Zoospores

c) Conidia

d) Chlamydospores 5.Ustilago tritici causes loose smut of:

a) Maize

b) Wheat

c) Riced) Citrus

6.All the following are edible fungi except:

a) Morchella

b) Rhizopus

c) Agaricus

d) Tuber7.Dandruff is caused by:a) Microsporum

b) Polyporus

c) Alternaria

d) Aspergillus8.Compact masses of hyphae forming pseudo-tissue are called:

a) Spermatia

b) Sclerotia

c) Oidia

d) Conidia9.Cup fungi are placed in:

a) Zygomycota

b) Ascomycota

c) Basidiomycota

d) Deuteromycota

10.There are about_____________ species of fungi:

a) 70000

b) 80000

c) 90000

d) 1000011.Which of the following is a feature of fungi?

a)Autotrophs b)Ingestive heterotrophs

c)Absorptive heterotrophs d)None of these

12.Which one is used for lowering blood cholesrerol?

a)Lovastatin B)Ergot c) Penicillin d) terramycin

13.Aflatoxin is produced by a species of:

a)Ustilago b)Penicillium

c)Aspergillus d)Rhizopus

14.Which of the following is important as bio-indiator of air pollution?

a)Fungi b)Lichens c)Bacteriad)Viruses

15.Ustilago tritici is the cause of:

a)Loose smut of riceb)Black smut of wheat

c)Loose smut of wheat d)Loose rust of rice

ANSWER

1) b

2) c

3) c

4) b

5) b

6) a

7) a

8) b

9) b

10) c

11) c

12) a

13) c

14) a

15) c

SHORT QUESTIONS

CH # 8

1.Define nuclear mitosis?

2. What is hypha? Give its types?

3. Name various classes of fungi?

4. Differentiate between rust and smut?

5. What is ecological importance of fungi?

6. Give some uses of yeasts?

7. What is histoplasmosis?

8. What are lichens?

9. What are mycorrhizae?

10. How are conidia formed?

11. Differentiate between asci and basidia.

12. Name some human diseases caused by fungi.

CHAPTER 9

THE KINGDOM PLANTAE

MCQs

1.The most primitive group of vascular plants is:

a) Psilopsida

b) Lycopsida

c) Pteropsida

d) Sphenopsida2.It is called peat moss:

a) Polytrichum

b) Funaria

c) Sphagnum

d) Marchantia 3.The simplest bryophytes are:

a) Hornworts

b) Liverworts

c) Mosses

d) None of these 4.The sex organs are partly sunken in the gametophytic tissue in:

a) Hepaticae

b) Musci

c) Anthocerotae

d) Both a & b5.Psilotum and Tmesipteris are the living members of:a) Psilopsida

b) Sphenopsida

c) Pteropsida

d) Lycopsida6.Lycopsida are commonly called:

a) Club Mosses

b) Peat Mosses

c) Water Mosses

d) Fern Mosses7.The plants of this phylum are also called arthrophytes:a) Lycopsida

b) Sphenopsida

c) Pteropsida

d) Psilopsida8.All of the following produce archegonia except:

a) Ferns

b) Angiosperms

c) Gymnosperms

d) Bryophytes9.Endosperm tissue in the seed is:

a) Haploid

b) Diploid

c) Triploid

d) Tetraploid10.Prunus belongs to the family:

a) Rosaceae

b) Poaceae

c) Solanaceae

d) Fabaceae 11.Family solanaceae contains about _____________ genera:

a) 70

b) 85

c) 90

d) 9512.The botanical name of sheesham is:

a) Lathyrus odoratus

b) Dalbergia sisso

c) Arachis hypogead) Rosa indica13.The fruit of Tamarindus indica is rich in:a) Acetic acid

b) Tartaric acid

c) Oxalic acid

d) Butyric acid 14.Megaphylls are found in:

a)Psilotum b)Rhynia c)Lycopodiumd)Pinus

15.The female gametophyte in angiospesms contains:

a)Four cells b)Five cells

c)six cells d)seven cells

16.Fusion nucleus after fertilization develops into:

a)Embryo b)Endosperm

c)Fruit

d)Both a & c

17.Which one is a member of family Rosaceae?

a)Pyrus b)Malus c)Prunus d)All

18.Double fertilization is found only in:

a)Bryophytes b)Algae c)Angiospermsd)Gymnosperms

19.Tomato belongs to the family:

a)Rosaceae b)Solanaceae

c)Poaceae d)Mimosaceae

20.Which of the following is not a step in the evolution of leaf?

a)Planation b)Topping

c)Webbing d)Rupturing

ANSWERS

1) a

2) c

3) b

4) c

5) a

6) a

7) b

8) b

9) c

10) a

11) c

12) b

13) b

14) d

15) d

16) b

17) d

18) c

19) b

20) d

SHORT QUESTIONS

CH # 9

1. What is phylogenetic system of classification?

2. Define alternation of generations?

3. Give features of liverworts?

4. What are anthocerotae?

5. Give main features of the most primitive group of tracheophytes?

6. What steps were involved in the evolution of megaphylls?

7. What are the main features of arthrophytes?

8. What were the main steps involved in the evolution of seed?

9. Define double fertilization?

10. Differentiate between monocots and dicots.11. Give economic importance of family Poaceae.12. How growth of sporophyte takes place in anthocerotae?

MCQs

CHAPTER 10

1.Which of the following are not included in grade bilateria?

a) Coelenterata

b) Annelida

c) Nematoda

d) Mollusca

2.The animals having bilateral symmetry in their larval stage but radial symmetry in adult form are included in phylum:

a) Aschelminthes

b) Echinodermata

c) Mollusca

d) Platyhelminthes

3.Pseudocoelom is not homologous to true coelom because:a) It develops from the blastocoel of the embryo

b) It is not lined with coelomic epithelium

c) It has no relation with reproductive and excretory organs

d) All of the above

4.Which of the following is characteristic feature of series deuterostomia?

a) Coelom is formed due to splitting of mesoderm

b) Mouth arises from blast pore or its anterior margin

c) Cleavage of zygote is spiral and determinate

d) Mesoderm is derived from wall of the developing gut

5.Inner lining of the body wall of sponges is made up of:a) Choanocytes

b) Nematocytes

c) Pinacocytes

d) Cnidocytes

6.Which one is an example of fresh water sponge?a) Euplectella

b) Leucosolenia

c) Sycon

d) Spongilla

7.Jelly-like layer between ectoderm and endoderm of the body wall of coelenterates is called:a) Parenchyma

b) Mesenchyma

c) Mesoglea

d) Mesoderm

8.Nutritive zooids of the coelenterate colony are called:a) Dactylozooids

b) Gastrozooidsc) Gonozoids

d) None of the above

9.Which of the following belongs to phylum cnidaria?

a) Jelly fish

b) Sea anemone

c) Physalia

d) All of the above

10.Which of the following is an adaptation for parasitic mode of life in

platyhelminthes?

a) Adhesive organs like hooks and suckers

b) Resistant cuticle

c) Simplified digestive system

d) All of the above

11.Nerve ring surrounding the pharynx of the nematodes gives rise to:a) One nerve cord

b) Two nerve cords

c) Three nerve cords

d) Four nerve cords

12.The common name of Fasciola hepatica is:a) Liver fluke

b) Tape worm

c) Hook worm

d) Pin worm

13.Which of the following is not a class of phylum annelida?

a) Polychaeta

b) Hirudinea

c) Bivalvia

d) Oligochaeta

14.Arthropoda constitutes about_____________ of the animal kingdom:

a) 65%

b) 75%

c) 85%

d) 50%

15.Which of the following respires by book lungs?

a) Insects

b) Crustaceans

c) Arachnids

d) Myriapods

16.Sleeping sickness is caused by:a) Plasmodium

b) Entamoeba

c) Trypanosoma

d) Water Flea

17.A respiratory pigment of blue colour in cephalopods is:a) Hemoglobin

b) Haemocyanin

c) Melanin

d) Phycocyanin

18.Madreporites are the sieve-like plates through which water enters the water vascular system of:a) Molluscs

b) Arthropods

c) Echinoderms

d) Coelentrates

19.Which of the following characteristics is not similar between echinoderms and chordates?

a) Water vascular system

b) Formation of anus from the blastopore

c) Biochemical pecularities

d) Radial cleavage during the development of embryos

20.Liver oil of _____________ contains vitamin A and vitamin D:

a) Trout

b) Perch

c) Shark

d) Dog fish

ANSWERS

1.Coelentrata

2.Echinodermata

3.All of the above

4.Mesodeerm is derived from wall of the developing gut

5.Choanocytes

6.Spongilla

7.Mesoglea

8.Gastrozooid

9.All of the above

10.All of the above

11.Four nerve cords

12.Liver fluke

13.Bivalvia

14.75%

15.Arachnids

16.trypansoma

17.Haemocyanin

18.Echinoderms

19.Water vascular system

20.Shark

SHORT QUESTIONS

CH # 10

1. Differentiate between parazoa & metazoa?

2. What is the Difference between radial & bilateral symmetry?

3. Define spiral & determinate cleavage?

4. Differentiate between diploblastic and triploblastic organization?

5. What are acoelomates, pseudocoelomates and coelomates?

6. What are zooids? Name various zooids found in phylum cnidaria?

7. What are coral reefs?

8. Write a few lines on liver fluke?

9. Name the classes of phylum annelida ?

10. What are the distinguishing features of phylum arthropoda?

11. What is metamorphosis?

12. What is mantle?

13. What is radula?

14. Discuss water vascular system in echinodermata.15. Give features of Archaeopteryx?

16. Name the three classes of Pisces?

17. Give affinities of echinodermates with hemichordates.18. What are placental mammals?

CHAPTER 12

MCQs

1.Lack of chlorophyll in plants causes:

a) Etiolation

b) Symbiosis

c) Chlorosis

d) All of the above

2.Release of nitrates by saprophytic bacteria helps in:a) Oxygen cycle

b) Nitrogen cycle

c) Carbon cycle

d) None of them

3.Mineral uptake by a terrestrial plant is limited by insufficient:a) Blue light

b) Apoplast

c) Soil H2O

d) Sodium

4.Organisms which fix nitrogen in aquatic habitats are:a) Cynobacteria

b) Brown algae

c) Green algae

d) Dinoflagellates

5.The traps of carnivorous plants contain:a) Phospholipids

b) Hormones

c) Sugar

d) Digestive enzymes

6.Energy is stored in liver and muscles in the form of:

a) Fat

b) Cholesterol

c) Glycogen

d) Amino acids

7.Which of the following vegetarian meals will supply all essential amino acid in about the correct proportions for synthesizing human proteins?

a) Corn and rice

b) Peas and beans

c) Beans and rice

d) Beans and spinach

8. It is a detritivore: a) Snail b) Earthworm c) Frog d) Millipede9.Digestion that takes place within the digestive tract is:a) Intracellular digestion

b) Intercellular digestion

c) Extracellular digestion

d) Both a & b

10.Salivary amylase in saliva brings about digestion of:Carbohydrates

Proteins

Vitamins and minerals

Fats

11.Intestinal gas is the product of:a) Intestinal bacteria

b) Undigested meat

c) Vitamin fermentation

d) Irritated intestinal cells

12.The reddish brown colour of the normal faeces is due to:Sloughed off cells from the digestive tract

Dead bacteria

Undigested plant material

Hemoglobin

13.Insufficient quality or quantity of bile secretion is the cause of:a) Anorexia

b) Dyspepsia

c) Piles

d) Ulcer

14.Which one is considered to be the common cause of food poisoning?

Salmonella

Salmonella and campylobacter

Escherichia coli

All of the above

15.The cause of botulism is:a) Salmonella

b) Clostridium

c) Campylobacter

d) None of the above

16.In human jejunum and ileum, dipeptides are converted to amino acids by the action of:Erepsin

Trypsin

Amino-peptidase

Enterokinase

17.Many people become ill from consuming milk or milk products because they lack:a) Renin

b) Lactase

c) Hydrochloric acid

d) Intestinal bacteria

18.It prevents the food from entering the nasal cavities:

Epiglottis

Tongue

Soft palate

Salivary gland

19.Hydra shows:a) Fluid feeding

b) Filter feeding

c) Scraping

d) Tentacular feeding

20.Intracellular digestion takes place with the help of:Ribosomes

Lysosomes

Golgi apparatus

MitochondriaCHAPTER 12

NUTRITION

1. Chlorosis

2. Nitrogen cycle

3. Soil water

4. Cynobacteria

5. Digestive enzymes

6. Glycogen

7. Beans and rice

8. Hydrolysis

9. Extracellular digestion

10. Carbohydrates

11. Intestinal bacteria

12. Hemoglobin from degraded red blood cell

13. Dyspepsia

14. Salmonella and campylobacter bacteria

15. Clostridium

16. Erepsin

17. Lactase

18. Soft Palate

19. Tentacular feeding

20. Lysosomes

SHORT QUESTION

CH # 12

1. Differentiate between nutrients and nutrition?

2. What is saprophytic nutrition?

3. What are autotrophic organisms?

4. Define filter feeders. Give example.5. What are fluid feeders?

6. What is scraping type of feeding?

7. What is a nematocyst?

8. Define hepatic caeca?

9. Name the different sites of digestion in man?

10. What is the function of ptyalin?

11. What do you mean by peristalsis?

12. What are hunger pangs?

13. What is mucus? Give its function in stomach.14. What is pepsinogen?

15. What is the function of rectum?

CHAPTER 13

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

MCQs

1.An advantage of gas exchange in aquatic habitats, as compared with terrestrial habitats is that it is easier to keep the gas-exchange surface:a) Ventilated

b) Wet

c) Free of injury

d) Saturated with oxygen

2.A grasshopper ventilates its gas-exchange surface

Moving its ribcage

Beating of millions of cilia

Moving its diaphragm

Rhythmic body movements

3.Rate of breathing in mammals is controlled by:a) Hypothalamus

b) Medulla oblongata

c) Cerebellum

d) Thalamus

4.The breathing centre in the brain responds to changes in:Glucose concentration in mitochondria

Oxygen concentration of blood

CO2 concentration of the blood

Acetyle-CoA in the mitochondria

5.The most abundant protein in the world is:a) Myosin

b) Hemoglobin

c) Rubiscod) Keratin

6.How many times is water more viscous than air?25 times

50 times

30 times

60 times

7.When ribulose biphosphate reacts with oxygen, it gives rise to:a) Glycolate

b) Serine

c) Glycine

d) Alanine

8.The most efficient respiratory system is found in:

Bird

Man

Lizards

Frog

9.The normal breathing rate in an adult human is:a) 12 14 times/min

b) 30 35 times/min

c) 15 20 times/min

d) 72 times/min

10.Which characteristic is not related to respiratory system?Pleura

Diaphragm

Pericardium

Moist surface area

11.When 98% of the molecules of haemoglobin are saturated with oxygen, each 100 ml of human blood possesses:a) 15.6 ml of oxygen

b) 18.6 ml of oxygen

c) 19.6 ml of oxygen

d) 21.6 ml of oxygen

12.What will not happen during inspiration in man?

Ribs are elevated

Intercoastal muscles contract

Diaphragm remains dome shaped

Forward movements of ribs

13.When human blood leaves the capillary bed of the tissue, most of the CO2 is in the form of:a) Carboxylic acid

b) HCO3c) CO3d) Carbolic acid

14.Asthma is associated with severe paroxysm of difficult:Sneezing

Breathing

Digestion

Passage of blood flow

15.Fully distended human lungs can hold air upto about:a) 4.5 liters

b) 3.5 liters

c) 4 liters

d) 5 liters

16.The irritant substances of smoke cause smokers cough which bursts some of the weakened:Alveoli

Bronchioles

Air sacs

All of the above

17.What changes occur in a mammal when it dives and its diving reflex is activated?

a) Rate of heart beat slows down to one tenth of normal rate

b) Breathing stops

c) Consumption of oxygen and energy is reduced

d) All of the above

18. How much CO2 is present in the exhaled air? a) 1 % b) 2 % c) 3 % d) 4 %

19. About 20 % of CO2 in the blood is carried as: a) Bicarbonate b) Carbonate c) Carboxyhemoglobin d) Free CO2 20. How much air is taken in and expelled out of human lungs during exercise?

a) 1.5 L b) 2.5 L c) 3.5 L d) 4.5 L CHAPTER 13

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

1. Wet

2. Rhythmic body movements

3. Medulla oblongata

4. CO2 concentration of the blood

5. Ribulose

6. 50 times

7. Glycolate

8. Birds

9. 15 20 times / min

Pericardium

19.6 ml of oxygen

Diaphragm becomes dome-shaped

Bicarbonates

Breathing

5 liters

Alveoli

17. All of the above 18. 4 %

19. 3.5 L

20. CarboxyhemoglobinSHORT QUESTION

CH # 13

How energy is released by cellular respiration?

What is photorespiration?

How respiration occurs in cockroach?

Define cutaneous respiration?

What are air sacs? What is their function in birds?

Define vocal cords. Give their function.What is pleura?

Write about the bronchiole?

What are the symptoms of asthma?

What is emphysema?

What is myoglobin?

What is pneumonectomy?

What is metastasis?

What is bradycardia?

15. Differentiate between tidal volume and vital capacity of lungs.

16. Define parabronchi.

17. How gaseous exchange occurs in hydra?

18. What features are shown by a respiratory surface?

19. Write down the main reactions involved in photo-respiration.

20. How respiration occurs in cockroach?

CHAPTER 14

MCQs

1.Both leukocytes and erythrocytes are formed in:Bone marrow

Arterial walls

Lymph nodes

Thymus

2.An erythrocyte lives for approximately:a) One weak

b) One month

c) Three weeks

d) Three months

3.A mature mammalian RBC is unusual in that it has:Cell wall

No nucleus

Plastids

No continuous plasma membrane

4.The chief regulators of mammalian blood composition are:a) Heart and arteries

b) Liver and kidneys

c) Thyroid and parathyroid glands

d) Heart and liver

5.A heart murmur indicates a defective:

Sinoatrial node

Atrioventricular node

Heart valve

Ventricle

6.In a normal person at rest the cardiac out put or amount of blood pumped / min by the left ventricle is approximately:

a) 2 liters

b) liters (half liter)

c) 5 liters

d) 3 liters

7.Hypotension or chronic low blood pressure may develop from:Too much emotional stress

A high fat diet

Not enough blood protein due to low protein diet

Not enough glucose level in blood

8.Which of the following processes causes substances to move across membranes without expenditure of cellular energy?

(a) Diffusion

(b)Endocytosis

(c)Active transport (d)Facilitated diffusion

9.Guttation is the loss of water, under the influence of high root pressure from the tips of the leaves through:a) Stomata

b) Lenticles

c) Hydathodes

d) Cuticle

10.Which of the following is not true for guard cells?

a) They contain chloroplast

b) They are present in the epidermis of leaf

c) They are connected by plasmodesmata with other epidermal cells

d) They are kidney shaped

11.The opening and closing of stomata can be explained by:a) Influx of potassium ions hypothesis

b) Pressure flow hypothesis

c) Starch sugar hypothesis

d) Both a & c

12.What is not true for fish heart?

a) It is single circuit heart

b) It has sinus venosus

c) It has conus arteriosus

d) It has truncus arteriosus

13.Blood circulation related to lungs is known as:

a) Coronary circulation

b) Systemic circulation

c) Pulmonary circulation

d) Renal circulation

14.Normal pH of human blood is:

a) 5.7

b) 7.5

c) 7.4

d) 2

15.The basophils of human blood produce a chemical that participates in allergy reactions and is termed as:

a) Heparin

b) Alanin

c) Histamine

d) Pyramidine

16.Genetic haemoglobin abnormality which causes enlargement of spleen is:a) Oedema

b) Myopia

c) Thalassemia

d) Leucaemia

17.Cardiac muscles can be distinguished from other muscles because they:a) Possess only actin

b) Have intercalated discs

c) Lack regular arrangement of sarcomeres

d) Possess tubulin protein

18.Which of the following characteristic is true for mammals?

a) They have right aortic arch

b) They have left aortic arch

c) Possess nucleated RBC

d) Possess systemic arches

19.Electrical impulses in human heart arise from:

a) Sinoatrial node

b) Atrioventricular node

c) Inter node

d) Lymph node

20.Which of the following function is not performed by lymphatic system?

a) It helps to defend the body against foreign invaders

b) It returns interstitial fluid back into the blood.

c) Discharge blood into interstitial fluid

d) Lymph nodes filter the lymph

CHAPTER 14

TRANSPORT

1Bone marrow

2Three months

3No nucleus

4Liver and kidney

5.Heart valve

6. litres

7. Not enough blood protein due to low protein diet

8. Diffusion

9. Hydathodes

10. They are connected by plasmodesmata with other epidermal cells

11. Starch sugar and influx of potassium ions hypothesis

12. It has truncus arteriosus

13. Pulmonary circulation

14. 7.4

15. Histamine

16. Thalassemia

17. Have intercalated discs

18. They have left aortic arch

19. Sinoatrial node

20. Discharge blood into interstitial fluid

SHORT QUESTION

CH # 14

1. Differentiate between active transport and passive transport.2. What is plasmolysis and deplasmolysis?

3. What is symplast and apoplast?

4. What is pressure potential?

5. What is meant by ascent of sap?

6. What is bleeding in plants?

7. What do you known about guttation?

8. What is the stomatal transpiration?

9. What is cuticular transpiration?

10. Give composition of blood plasma.11. What is the importance of transpiration for plants?

12. How transportation occurs in Hydra?

13. What is systemic circulation?

14. What are the different types of WBCs?

15. What are different types of leucaemia?

16. Define oedema. How is extracellular oedema caused?

17. What is a cardiac cycle?

18. Give three differences between arteries and veins.

19. Differentiate between thrombus and embolus.

20. What is cerebral infarction?

21. What do you mean by humoral immune response?

22. How the flow of lymph is maintained in the body?

23. Define myocardial infarction.

24. What is atherosclerosis?

25. Differentiate between antigen and antibody.