bio material 2

8/14/2019 Bio Material 2

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IntroductionHistorical advancesFeatures expected

Materials suitable to beused as biomaterialsAreas of biomat application1 st generation biomaterials

2 nd generationbiomaterials3 rd generation

biomaterialsFuture implication &advantagebiomaterials in various

tissue replacement


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any substance of synthetic or natural origin,that can be used for any period of time, aswhole or as part of a system which treats,augments, or replaces any tissue, organ or function of the body.


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4000 years ago, the first biomaterials experimentstook place.Modern biomaterials can be traced back about 60years.Cooperation between doctors , engineers &aerospace industry resulted in growth.American Society for Artificial Internal Organsfounded in 1954

Society For Biomaterials launched in 1975Controlled Release Society founded in 1978Tissue Engineering Society International foundedaround 1995


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Biologically inertEasily handled

Easily sterilizedNon allergenicNon corrosive

Non toxicNon carcinogenic

Non teratogenicInexpensive

Sufficient strengthto hold duringhealing.Reabsorbed or removed withoutmorbidity.


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PolymersBio molecules

MetalsGlassesCeramics

CarbonsComposites


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Biosensorsarray diagnostics

BiotechnologyBio separationsCell Culture

Bio fouling-resistant materialsBiomimetics for new materialsChromatography Supports

Nanofabrication

Neural computing / biocomputer Smart materials (e.g. artificial muscles)MicrofluidicsImaging


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Bone and joint repair Construction of in-dwelling devices

External items for the delivery of medicalcareIncorporating nanomaterials to produce

desired qualitiesEnabling cell to repair their own tissuePromoting gene activation


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First generation biomaterials BIOINERT.

Second generation biomaterials BIOACTIVE.

Third-Generation Biomaterials CELL AND GENEACTIVATING MATERIALS

Genetic Control and Activation

Molecularly Tailored Resorbable Polymers


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Developed during 1960-1970PRINCIPLE- To achieve minimum immuneresponse to the implant to reduce risk of rejection.AIM- to achieve suitable combination of physical properties to match that of replacedtissue with minimum toxic response to the host.1980-there were 50 implantable devices madefrom 40 different biomaterials.SIGNIFICANT FEATURE- BIO INERTNESS


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LIMITATION OF 1 ST GEN BIOMAT-no anytissue interaction, only replacement.

They were developed after 1970s.PRINCIPLE- they function by formation of bond with living tissue.They could elicit a controlled action andreaction in physiological environment.SIGNIFICANT FEATURE- BIO ACTIVE


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In mid 1080s and 1990sdevelopment of bioactive Glasses and glass

ceramicsbone fixation, middle-ear prostheses, replacement of

vertebra. Another advancement

Resorbable biomaterials No difference betweenimplant site and host tissue
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.eorthopod.com/images/ContentImages/spine/spine_lumbar/lumbar_ADR/lumbar_ADR_intro01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.eorthopod.com/public/patient_education/6851/lumbar_artificial_disc_replacement.html&h=400&w=400&sz=83&hl=en&start=7&tbnid=adXlRl-SLvb89M:&tbnh=124&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dreplacement%2Bof%2Bvertebra%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den


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LIMITATION OF 2 ND GEN BIOMAT-Livingtissue changes with physiological load and

biochemical stimuli but not implantedbiomaterials.Stimulates specific cellular response at the

molecular level.Route of repair is: TISSUE ENGINEERING


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Powders, solutions, or doped microparticles tostimulate local tissue repair.

ionic dissolution products, or growth factors

Activate the cells

Cells Stimulate multiple generations of growing cellsto self-assemble into the required tissues in situ


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Human osteoblasts ionic dissolution products of bioactiveglasses up regulates seven families of genesActivated genes stimulates differentiation and

proliferation of osteoblasts

FACTORS INVOLVED :

(i) transcription factors and cell cycle regulators.(ii) signal transduction molecules.(iii) proteins involved in DNA synthesis, repair,and recombination.


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(iv) growth factors and cytokines that influence theinflammatory response to the material;

(v) cell-surface antigens and receptors;(vi) extracellular-matrix components; and(vii) apoptosis regulators.


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They are used for NERVE REGENERATION .

PLA/PGA copolymers were used to

incorporate nerve growth factor (NGF)


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Third-generationbiomaterials molecular design of scaffolds for tissue engineering andfor in situ tissueregeneration and repair,with minimally invasivesurgery.

Economic advantage.Patient specific

treatment


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BIOMATERIALS IN TISSUE REPLACEMENT


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THANKYOU

bio material 2

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