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Bio-LNG: Improving eco-performance and
quality of fossil LNG (in shipping) Options for Amsterdam
1Small-mid Scale LNG summit – Victoria Plaza Amsterdam - June 18th 2013
Peter van der Gaagwww.hollandinnovationteam.nl
Options for Amsterdam
• Introduction : LNG and bio-LNG
• Advantages of bio-LNG, standard and premium quality
• Comparing bio-LNG with other fuels: eco-performance
• How much bio-LNG is there (can there be)?
• What would be the price?
• Holland Innovation Team and partners are building a (bio-)LNG chain
Content of the presentation
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• Holland Innovation Team and partners are building a (bio-)LNG chain
• LNG Projects in shipping and heavy transport
• How can bio-LNG fit in the LNG chain
• Obligatory blending of bio-LNG to fulfill RED?
• Amsterdam in favor of bio-LNG, Amsterdam prepares LNG bunkering
• Conclusions and recommendations
LNG accepted worldwide
LNG, liquid natural gas, consists for the
largest part of methane, which is liquid at a
temperature of minus 162 degrees Celsius.
LNG is made from natural gas all over the
world. All CO2, H2S, particles, mercury have
to be removed. Water freezes out.
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Depending on the source, the composition of
LNG still varies. Methane content is between
80% and 99.9%.
Essentially we consider two types of LNG:
• Rich LNG contains a relative large quantity
of heavy hydrocarbons
• Lean LNG contains few (no) heavy
hydrocarbons.
Small- mid scale LNG : Victoria Plaza Amsterdam June 18th 2013
The lesser known Bio-LNG: what is it?
Bio-LNG is produced from biogas.
Biogas is produced by anaerobic
digestion.
All organic waste can rot and can
produce biogas, the bacteria do the
work. Therefore biogas is the cheapest
and cleanest bio fuel without competition
with food or land use.
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with food or land use.
Bio-LNG (LBM) = liquid bio-methane. For
the first time there is a bio fuel which has
always a better quality than its fossil
counterpart LNG, so:
besides fossil LNG there is the premium Bio-LNG.
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
An optimized bio-LNG production process
Pre-treatment: with pre-treatment like steam explosion it is possible to digest
celluloses and therefore use various cheap feedstocks.
Digestion: using good mixes and elevated temperatures, you can decrease
retention time and reduce cost of the biogas installation.
Upgrading: using modern techniques, you can reduce methane losses and
methane slip and reduce energy use.
Advanced upgrading: use modules with minor energy use or use new methods
(HIT develops a new method replacing molecular sieves to reach 50ppm of CO2).
Liquefaction: if you use small scale liquefaction you should minimize energy
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Liquefaction: if you use small scale liquefaction you should minimize energy
consumption and use container-sized modules.
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
Advantages of bioAdvantages of bioAdvantages of bioAdvantages of bio----LNG (over fossil LNG)LNG (over fossil LNG)LNG (over fossil LNG)LNG (over fossil LNG)
• Bio-LNG is of better quality than fossil LNG. This is the first time that a
bio fuel is better than its fossil counterpart. The bacteria do not
produce ethane, propane and butane, because of that:
• Bio-LNG has a higher methane number than fossil LNG.
• While bio-LNG can be used without blending, it can also be used to
improve the quality of fossil LNG.
• Bio-LNG can be used to produce bio-CNG for private cars with minor • Bio-LNG can be used to produce bio-CNG for private cars with minor
additional costs (this also combats boil-off at the fuelling stations).
• Bio-LNG has a much lower carbon footprint than other fossil/bio fuels
Bio-LNG can even be carbon negative (made of methane slip).
• Bio-LNG is the cheapest bio fuel per energy unit.
• Bio-LNG comes from own European waste and bio-LNG produced in
Europe delivers much more employment to Europe than fossil LNG
from far away.
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Recently the CEO of Shell Netherlands BV (Dick Benschop) told the press:
“GTL is a premium fuel according to our standards. Therefore GTL can cost more than
normal diesel because it is cleaner and it cost more money to produce.”
Similarly we argue: why not pay more for cleaner bio-LNG from European soil than for
fossil LNG from far away with lower eco-performance and fuel quality?
Fordongas (Sweden) states that bio-LNG brings you 10% further than fossil LNG
because of constant high purity and high MN (methane number)
Standarisation of (bio)LNG : yes or no?
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because of constant high purity and high MN (methane number)
(January 2013 – bio-LNG excursion to Lidkoping)
And Volvo states : with methane numbers lower than 85, the amount of diesel in dual
fuel trucks will increase and the LNG percentage decreases (Danish Gas Technology
Institute (2012))
Recent tests by a large Dutch transportation company show only 40% LNG and 60%
diesel with heavy LNG in dual fuel
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
Should there be a standard for (bio) LNG?Should there be a standard for (bio) LNG?Should there be a standard for (bio) LNG?Should there be a standard for (bio) LNG?
• Euromot: There should be a minimum MN for making use of the efficiency of
the newest generation of engines (Euromot proposes a minimum MN of 80)
• There is already a standard for CNG and compressed bio methane, since
LCNG fuelling stations will be the future, CNG from heavy LNG will not full fill
these standards
• For dual engines especially for refurbished older diesel engines, heavy LNG
will decrease the possible amount of LNG in the total amount of fuel (LNG + will decrease the possible amount of LNG in the total amount of fuel (LNG +
diesel)
• NOx emissions (and methane slip?) seem to increase with increasing amount
of heavy hydrocarbons in the LNG
• Some parties ask for new engines which can run on a LNG with (MN 60-95)
• Holland Innovation Team is upgrading its position paper on LNG quality and is
asking for tests results and thorough studies on the quality issue
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Well-to-wheel CO2 emissions (source: Air-LNG)
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How much bioHow much bioHow much bioHow much bio----LNG can be made? EnoughLNG can be made? EnoughLNG can be made? EnoughLNG can be made? Enough
Since 2003, the estimates of bio methane (i.e. bio-LNG production) increase
because of the fact that celluloses after (pre)treatment can be digested.
20% - >>> 50% of all vehicle fuel in some countries could be bio-LNG.
Source:http://ecocomplex.rutgers.edu/PeterBoisen.pdf
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Landfills are a waste of land, use them for bio-LNG
There are approximately 150,000 landfills in Europe with app.
30-50 billion cubic meters of waste (Haskoning 2011).
All landfills emit landfill gas.
Landfills will contribute an estimated 460
to 650 billion cubic feet of methane emissions per year
(in 2000) in the USA.
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(in 2000) in the USA.
You can flare landfill gas.
You can make electricity with landfill gas
But you also can produce the cleanest
and cheapest liquid bio fuel: Bio-LNG.
The gas is for free – so it will cost less than natural gas to LNG in certain
parts of the world. Bio-LNG from landfills is made from “negative” methane
slip
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
Hydraulic fracturing increases landfill gas yield and therefore economy of scale for bio-LNG production
.
The method consist of a set of drillings from
which at certain dept the landfill is hydraulically
broken. This means a set of circular horizontal
fractures are created from the well at preferred depths.
Sand or other materials are injected into the fractures.
Gas gathers from below in the created interlayers and
flows into the drilled well. In this way a “guiding” circuit
for landfill gas is created.
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for landfill gas is created.
With a 3-5 fold quantity of gas, economy of scale for
bio-LNG production will be reached rapidly.
Considering the multitude of landfills worldwide this
hydraulic fracturing method in combination with
containerized upgrading and liquefaction units offers
huge potential. The method is cost effective, especially
at virgin landfills, but also at landfills with decreasing
amounts of landfill gas. Estimated price <50 Eurocents
per kilo for large landfills.
Small--mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
Our future network for (bio-) LNG for transport
BER BV(HIT major shareholder)
Bio-LNG production in the
Netherlands : Amsterdam
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Since 1997 LNG for heavy duty
trucks, .>20 LNG UK fuelling stations
(bio) LNG supply for mainland Europe,
and delivery of fuelling stations
Shallow hydraulic fracturing in USA,
Canada, Korea for soil remediation
Information : www.bio-lng.info – website sponsored by
Hydraulic fracturing of landfills, increasing
landfill gas yield 3-5 fold = cheap bio-LNG
(Bio) LNG bunker terminal (Bio) LNG bunker terminal (Bio) LNG bunker terminal (Bio) LNG bunker terminal A. Nobel & Zn Bunkerservice
Initial bunkering from tank trucks
See movie of test bunkering at youtube:
http://tinyurl.com/testbunker
Then starting with 500 m3 LNG storage tank,
later expanded to 2,000 m3 (modular layout)
The bunkering station is already heated and
cooled by water of Oude Maas river (heat cooled by water of Oude Maas river (heat
exchanger)
Boil-off of LNG will generate electricity,
creating the first bunkering terminal of the
post-fossil fuels era
Because of future replacement of LNG to
bio-LNG the ministry of IenM supports 0,5
million Euro
Location: Zwijndrecht on Oude Maas river 20 km from Rotterdam on main route to Germany
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LNG Bunker terminal: Zwijndrecht location
5 miles from Rotterdam
HalfwayAmsterdamAntwerp
HalfwayRotterdamDuisburg
Access for
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Access forSeagoing vessels
Status:All applications for permit submitted end of May 2013
First permit of a bunkering station in the Netherlands anticipated end of 2013:
Ready to go
Development of bunkering and distribution vessels
Sponsored by EU (EFRO Zuid-Holland)
Partners: VEKA, Cryonorm Projects,
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There will be a new market for (bio) LNG bunkering vessels and carriers
to transport fossil LNG from small scale plants and for transport of bio-
LNG to bunkering stations and large terminals for improving LNG eco-
performance and quality – for bio-LNG up to 4000 cbm and for small
scale LNG up to (?) .
Cryonorm Projects, LNG Rivers Shipping
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June
Truck fuelling stations
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First (bio)LNG fuelling station of Anglo Dutch Liquid Methane to be placed in Heerenveen, more to follow, using Chive Fuels’ proven design and logistics
Small –mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
Building the chain: (bio-)LNG production
Feasibility study for conversion of
Dutch biogas plants (now struggling
as power plants) to supply bio-LNG
for use as fuel in agriculture and
construction industry
Partner: Prima Energy / SHV
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Partner: Prima Energy / SHV
Energy (a leading propane supplier
in 25 countries)
SHV Energy daughter has founded
Prima LNG in Antwerp Belgium
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
HIT and Prima Energy talk about further cooperation
A new LNG-electric container vessel
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A grant for development of this first inland navigation container vessel on LNG
awarded to Stevas Shipping and VEKA by Port of Rotterdam fund (Sept. 2012).
To be operational in Q3 2014.
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
“Because a large number of power stations are coal-
fired, running ships on shore electricity when
alongside could result in greater levels of
atmospheric pollution than the traditional practice of
using ship fuel. Furthermore, installing the necessary
aggregate and, berthside connection points in EU
ports could cost EUR 675 million and EUR 50 million
a year to maintain.”
Use (bio-) LNG for cold ironing
a year to maintain.”
https://www.bimco.org/en/News/2009/11/11_Feature_
Week_46.aspx
Holland Innovation Team and partners are
developing a mobile shore power generation
service using bio-LNG. Investment costs are
considerably lower than permanent grid
connections – Offer for first test has been
submitted to Zeeland Seaports (Anglo Dutch
Liquid Methane with Aggreko)
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MSW deponie at Pusztazámor
for Bio-LNG production
Port of Győr-Gönnyű
The possible Hungarian project to come
Highways, along the TEN-T
corridors
Waterways, along the TEN-T
corridors
Highways, along the TEN-T
corridors, partly toll free routes
Highways, along the TEN-T
corridors, toll free routes
Highway codes for Hungary
Descriptions
Bio-LNG plant
LNG fuel station for waterways
Lake Balaton
Port of Baja
Port of Budapest
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June
Bio-LNG from landfills close to Danube will be cheaper than fossil LNG from large LNG terminals
Asian projects to come?
Bio-LNG has enormous potential in Asian countries with unused agricultural
waste. Bio-LNG can be produced for prices lower than fossil LNG..
HIT is cooperating
with companies from
Vietnam, Singapore
Malaysia and China
to look for bio-LNG
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to look for bio-LNG
production.
Progress will be
announced at the
LNG conference in
Singapore 17-20
September 2013
How fits bio-LNG into the LNG chain?
Holland Innovation Team advised at the Bio-energy Conference of the EU in
Brussels (5 June 2012) to support bio-LNG and to apply the same obligation to
LNG as for diesel and gasoline (in accordance with the Renewable Energy
Directive). The advise has been repeated at the TEN-T days in Brussels (28th of
November 2012).
At least for transportation bio-LNG should be used for blending fossil LNG in the
same way as biodiesel in diesel and bio ethanol in gasoline.
: 5% now, 10% in 2020. This is highly appropriate because:
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: 5% now, 10% in 2020. This is highly appropriate because:
Bio-LNG improves quality of LNG, does not compete with food, has the best
CO2 reduction, no NOx/PM and avoids methane slip. It is the first bio fuel of
better quality than its fossil counterpart.
We can use small scale bio–LNG carriers to bring bio-LNG to the large
terminals to upgrade heavy LNG into necessary specs.
We can bring bio-LNG in truckloads to LNG bunkering terminals to be blend
with fossil LNG.
UK posted on Apr 29th
LNG world News
Recent news about bio-LNG blends:Tesco to Fuel Its HGV Fleet with Bio LNG
24Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
The distribution division of the world’s third largest grocery retailer, Tesco, has committed a fleet of HGVs to fill up at facilities run by leading Bio-LNG supplier Gasrec.Thirty-five dual-fuel vehicles will run on Bio-LNG from Gasrec’s
refuelling station at Daventry International Rail Freight Terminal: a ground-breaking
installation that will officially open to all dual-fuel LGVs next month (May), much like
a traditional petrol station.Bio-LNG is Gasrec’s proprietary, future-proof blend of
liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquid biomethane (LBM) – a natural, green source
of renewable energy produced from organic matter such as household food waste
and sewage.
Recent news about bio-LNG (blends)
May 21, 2013 | Australia, Melbourne
RMIT’s CLiMA team design a Bio-LNG answer for aviation.A team of Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) aerospace engineering students is headed to France after making it to the final five of an international Airbus competition. The Cryogenic Liquid Methane Aircraft (CLiMA) team is one of five finalists selected by experienced Airbus engineers from more than 618 submissions in the 2013 Fly Your Ideas
25Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
engineers from more than 618 submissions in the 2013 Fly Your Ideas
global university challenge. The UNESCO-backed competition encourages students to develop ideas for a more sustainable aviation industry. Read more »
Recent news about bio-LNG (blends)
UK’s first Bio-LNG filling station opens23 May 2013 By Edd Gent
The UK's first open access Bio-LNG filling station was
opened today by Transport Minister Norman Baker.The
facility in Daventry, built by Gasrec, is the first of its kind
of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquid biomethane (LBM)
– a green source of renewable energy produced from
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– a green source of renewable energy produced from
organic matter such as household food waste. Gasrec is
Europe's largest producer of this fuel.
Gasrec’s bio-LNG is a 25%
LBM - 75% LNG blend
Vision of the Port of Amsterdam
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Bio-LNG:
No food for fuel = high quality LNG = cheaper than other bio fuels and cleaner and is
improving fossil LNG quality in blends
Existing biogas producers in the Port
• Producing biogas from sewage sludge
• Increasing production possibilities
• Combination is possible with new liquefaction units
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Port of Amsterdam:place to be for a Bio-LNG refinery of 100 tons/day
Production of bio-gas, upgrading and liquefaction to LNGCambi fermentation unit, Cirmac upgrading, Cryonorm liquefaction)
Fermentation
of Bio-mass
Bio-gas treatment,H2S removal+ CO2-removal
Groen-gas (90% CH4)
99% CO2,
Bio-mass
90% s
LP/MP steamLP/MP steam
LNG-gas (> 98% CH4)
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Aqua ammonia
NH3 removal
Water recycle& treatment Digestate,
10% moist.Digestatedrying
LiquefactionBio LNG (99% CH4)
Electric energy
LP
ste
am
In a large Port with cositing facilities: with waste steam and co-products production
bio-LNG price would be 80 €ct/kg with current biomass prices in Europe.
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
Port of Amsterdam: place to be for a LNG bunkering site with increasing amount of bio-LNG
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Eurotank, HIT and the Port of Amsterdam are making preparations for a (bio) LNG bunkering terminal at Eurotank Amsterdam
Port of Amsterdam: place to be for a LNG bunkering site with increasing amount of bio-LNG
31Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June 2013
Eurotank (VTTI), HIT and the Port of Amsterdam are making preparations
for a (bio) LNG bunkering terminal at Eurotank Amsterdam, making use
of existing terminal and jetties.
Conclusions and recommendations (1)
Bio-LNG is the best example of a premium fuel as it is renewable and
made from our own waste. Bio-LNG supports the recommendation of the
EU to decarbonize transportation fuels.
Bio-LNG can be used to upgrade quality and eco-performance of fossil
LNG imported to Europe.
With bio-LNG the 10% bio fuels target can be fulfilled without competition
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with food / land use. Bio-LNG produced at a level approx 80-100 €ct/kg,
with incentives from the EU (subsidies, biotickets), will be at par or
cheaper than fossil LNG, without incentives it will still be (much) cheaper
than biodiesel and bioethanol.
Landfills could produce bio-LNG in Europe for less than 50 €ct per kg
Low biomass prices and high LNG prices in Asia mean that Asia can
produce bio-LNG from biomass for prices that can compete with fossil LNG
prices, and in certain cases bio-LNG definitely will be cheaper than fossil
LNG prices.
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June
Conclusions and recommendations (2)
A large bio-LNG facility in the Port of Amsterdam would be able to produce bio-LNG for less
than 80 €cents per kilo which is much less than biodiesel /bio-ethanol equivalent.
Bio-LNG can be shipped to large LNG import terminals, where it can be blended to improve
quality (25% blends are possible).
Amsterdam would be able to set up a LNG bunkering terminal rapidly and
Is keen to increase the amount of bio-LNG in fossil LNG.
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We are recommending standardization of LNG quality and recommending obligatory
blending of bio-LNG into fossil LNG from today.
We can market bio-LNG as a premium fuel, which means positive publicity for companies
that produce bio-LNG from their own waste and drive on bio-LNG. Bio-LNG really can
decarbonize the world of fuels.
Bio-LNG would be able to replace 10- 20% of our fossil transportation fuels by 2020 in
inland navigation, heavy duty trucks and cold ironing in ports
Small-mid scale LNG: Victoria Plaza Amsterdam 18th of June
And we see a great future for bioAnd we see a great future for bioAnd we see a great future for bioAnd we see a great future for bio----LNG LNG LNG LNG
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionThank you for your attention
So keep thinking out of the box!
Peter van der Gaag
Remco Hoogma
Holland Innovation Team
www.hollandinnovationteam.nl
The new website sponsored by the EU
www.bio-lng.info
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