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TRANSCRIPT
Robert G. Hockaday
Energy Related Devices, Inc.
www.energyrelateddevices.com
BIO-DIGESTION TO FUEL
FUTURE SOUTHWEST
ENVIRONMENT
Hotter
Dryer
WATER
Water
Water
ENERGY
Water
RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE
Grow Fuel?
Make Fuel?
FACTOIDS
• New Mexico Has 320,000 Milk Cows that produce ~ 4 million tons of milk/year (Albuquerque Business First Oct 4, 2013) NM milk industry: $1.2 billion revenue.
• New Mexico Dairy Cattle produce 7.5 million tons wet Manure/year
• New Mexico Dairy Cattle produce 2.6 million tons of Dry Manure/year
ESTIMATE
• Dairy Cattle manure-aerobic-digestion: 1.5 million tons of Methane/year
• Value: $0.25billion/year
• New Mexico Natural Gas industry produces ~6.5million tons of
Methane/year.
• Value about $1 billion/year (Albuquerque Business First Oct 4, 2013)
• Value of NM 1.5 million cattle manure: $1billion/year
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
• Aerobic Digestion---CO2 and Fertilizer
• Anaerobic Digestion---CH4, CO2 and Fertilizer
• Anaerobic Digestion/Fermentation---Cattle feed, ethanol, CH4, CO2 and
Fertilizer.
• Pyrolysis— CO2 and range of fuels—no Fertilizer
UPGRADE FUEL
Manure-Methane---Methanol---DME
• $5----$25 ------$123------$249/Ton of Manure
Manure---Pipeline Bio-Methane
• $5----$75/Ton of Manure
ETHANOL PLANT CONVERSION
• Manure and wastewater feedstock
• Use the existing digesters
• Reconfigure stills
• Gas cleaning to pipeline quality injection.
• Sterile fertilizer
• Waste carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients to
greenhouses
CENTRAL REFINERY?
Value of Tucumcari Basin Gas per 1000 standard cubic feet:
• Methane: $2.56
• Natural gas liquids content: $4.90
• Helium $0.25
• Total: $7.71
• Bio-Methane Value: $8.45
• (Henry Hub Price of Methane: $3.60/1000 standard cubic ft)
LOW NET WATER USE AGRICULTURE
How low can we go?
PHYSICS OF PLANTS
• Most Photosynthesis utilized Blue and red light and reflects
green light.
• C3 Plants (Majority Species of plants) 833 Water/Carbon
Dioxide Captured.
• C4 plants (maze, corn, sorghum, sugarcane) 277
Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured.
• CAM (Cactus) can seal and hold.
THE GREENHOUSE SOLUTION
• Contain the Water
• Inject Carbon dioxide or produce from within
• Breath air as needed at night.
• Temperature stability
Algenol’s outdoor algae-to-ethanol
photobioreactors in Lee County, FL
THE OVERHEATING PROBLEM
• Radiant cooling blockage by the skin of
greenhouse
• Gas layer thermal insulation of green house
• Without the greenhouse effect we would be a
cold planet.
• Internal evaporation and condensation helps to
counteract
THERMAL STABILITY SOLUTIONS
• More thermal mass
• More infrared transmission of the skin
• Reflectivity to green and all light when hot
• Emergency evaporative cooling
• Just grow plants that are adapted to hot conditions.
THERMAL MASS SIMPLE TESTS
A GREENHOUSE REFLECTIVITY SOLUTION
27°C 37°C 38°C
ONE OF NATURES GREAT
INVENTIONS
• The Stomata
Stomata of Tall fescue grasses.
TESTS
Ventilated
Green House Sealed Top
Green House
Aperture Vent
CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION
• C3 Plants 833 Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured.
• C4 plants (maze, corn, sorghum, sugarcane) 277
Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured.
• With CO2 injection in day time and air breathing for night:
0.25 Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured
• 1000X better!
WHAT TO GROW
• Algae
• Multicellular Aquaponics (DuckWeed)
• Cellulosic ( Fruits & Vegtables)
• Aquaculture
• Cattle
• Fuel
• Chemicals
•