Bio Bootcamp

Evolution Review

Sample Question

This graph illustrates changes in two different lizard populations over time. Which process MOST LIKELY led to the change in the allele frequency for population B?

A. Natural selection acting on a harmful traitB. Natural selection acting on a beneficial traitC. Natural selection acting on a dominant traitD. Natural selection acting on a recessive trait

Population B

Population A

Sample Question

A mutation occurs in the genes that code for coat color in caribou. Which change will most likely result from this mutation?

A. A change in the selection pressures acting on coat color.

B. A change in the coat-color genes of deer predator species

C. An increase in coat-color diversity in the populationD. An increase in the number of genes for coat color in

the population.

Sample Question

The skeletons of vertebrate forelimbs contain variations of structures that were present in their common ancestor. What has MOST LIKELY cause the variation in forelimbs?

A. Changes in muscle structureB. Changes in genetic codeC. Changes in vestigial structuresD. Changes in artificial selection

Misconception: “Evolution is ‘just’ a theory.”Response: Scientific theories

are explanations that are based on lines of evidence, enable valid predictions, and have been tested in many ways. In contrast, there is also a popular definition of theory—a “guess” or “hunch.” These conflicting definitions often cause unnecessary confusion about evolution.

Evolution by Natural Selection

• EVOLUTION is the THEORY of how organisms have changed over time.

• Charles Darwin did NOT make this up!

• NATURAL SELECTION is the MECHANISM by which Evolution takes place.

• It does not attempt to explain how life began.

Natural Selection

Kettlewell – England – Peppered Moths

Allelic Frequency

Speciation

Founder Effect/Bottleneck

Geographic Isolation

Habitat Isolation - Lizards

Mechanical Isolation

Mechanical Isolation

Behavioral Isolation

Temporal Isolation

Reproductive Isolation

Types of Evolution

Convergent Evolution

Divergent Evolution

Artificial Selection

Coevolution

Fossils

Biogeography

Chapter 15Section 2 Evidence of Evolution

Hemoglobin Comparison

Biochemical

Chapter 17

Similarities in Amino Acid Sequences

Section 2 Systematics

Biochemical

Universal Genetic Code

Homologous Structures

• Forelimbs of vertebrates

Analogous Structures

Vestigial Structures

Evidence of Whale Evolution

Section 2 Evidence of EvolutionChapter 15

Embryology