bio (ashutosh 9th d)

8/7/2019 Bio (Ashutosh 9th D)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bio-ashutosh-9th-d 1/20

Why Do we fall ill? Why Do we fall ill?



What is Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity



F actors for good health

� To keep good health one must keep personalhygiene

� And one must live in a clean and hygienicenvironment , for that effective sanitation ,proper disposal of garbage and domestic waste isnecessary .

� Personal health therefore is linked to thecommunity health

� Community health plays an important role indisease prevention efforts in both the developingworld



P ersonal and community Health

�There are various factors which influence the

health of individual .

�These factors lie both within then in the

individual and also in the society in which he or

she lives�The internal factors are mainly the genetically

makeup of person

�External factors lie in the environment to

which he or she is living



Factors affecting community Health

� Maintaining proper hygienic and sanitaryconditions of the environment

� Providing good socio-economic conditions

� Providing healthcare services

� Imparting health education and promoting

public awareness

� Providing proper facilities for preventingdiseases



Diseases and their causes

� Dis- ease is a condition that impairs the proper

functioning of the body or one of it¶s part .

OR

� Any deviation from normal functioning or state of

complete physical or mental well being

� . Lack of ease; uneasiness

� Disease is the leading medical term. Disorder mean much the same, with perhaps some slight

reference to an irregularity of the system.



Differences between being disease-free and

healthy

Disease - free

� It is a condition of

any kind of body

discomforts

� It depends on the

person

Healthy

� Being healthy is a

state of complete

physical ,mental and

social well being

� It depends on the

person ,his physicalsurroundings , the

society and also his

or her economic

status



What is a Symptom?

� Any subjective evidence of disease. A

symptom is a phenomenon that is

experienced by an individual. Anxiety,

lower back pain, and fatigue are all

symptoms. They are sensations only the

patient can perceive. In contrast, a sign is

objective evidence of disease. A bloodynose is a sign. It is evident to the patient,

doctor, nurse, and other observers



What does a disease look like

� A doctor always asks about the symptoms

from the patient in order to know about the

disease . Signs and symptoms only

indicate that a person is suffering from

disease . But the symptoms help doctor to

diagnose the disease . The doctor may

also get the urine , stool and blood testdone in order to know exactly what

disease the person is suffering from



What is the Difference Between an Acute

Disease and a Chronic Disease

� An acute disease lasts for just a short

time, but can begin rapidly and have

intense symptoms

� In contrast, a chronic disease produces

symptoms for quite some time, lasting for

three months or more. A chronic disease

is persistent. It lasts for a long period of time and may recur



Difference between Chronic and acute

Acute

� Acute disease last for a short time

� Such diseases do notcause any major effecton our general health

� A person sufferingfrom an acute diseaserecovers completelyafter cure

� Since acute diseaselast for a short timethey do not lead toloss of weight or fatigue

Chronic

� Chronic disease lastfor a very long time

� Such diseases have abad effect on our general health and

may lead to poor health

� A person sufferingfrom a chronic diseasegenerally does notrecover completely

� Since chronic diseaselast for a long time,they leads to the lossof weight or fatigue



What are factors that cause

disease

� Intrinsic factors When the diseasecausing factors exist with in the body itself and have not reached the body from

outside or external source ,they are said tobe the intrinsic factors

� They may be genetically , hormonal ,M

etabolic disorders, organ or systemfailure ,immune system malfunctioning,allergy , and so on



Classification of disease

� Congenital diseases These are inborn

disease which are present since birth.They are

caused either due to genetic and chromosomal

abnormalities or due to metabolic disorder or malfunctioning of system e.g. colorblindness

,thalassemia

�Acquired disease

The diseases which areacquires during one¶s lifetime i.e. after birth .



Acquired diseases are of two type

� Communicable diseases

� Non- Communicable diseases



Communicable diseases

� Infectious pathologies are usually qualified ascontagious diseases (also calledcommunicable diseases) due to their potentialityof transmission from one person or species to

another.Transmission of an infectious diseasemay occur through one or more of diversepathways including physical contact withinfected individuals. These infecting agents mayalso be transmitted through liquids, food, body

fluids, contaminated objects, airborne inhalation.



Non-communicable disease

� A non-communicable disease or NCD isa disease which is not infectious. Suchdiseases may result from genetic or

lifestyle factors. A Non-communicableDisease is an illness that is caused bysomething other than a pathogen. It mightresult from hereditary factors, improper diet, smoking, or other factors Thoseresulting from lifestyle factors aresometimes called diseases of affluence.



Some common diseases and their causes

CAUSE DISEASE

VIRUS POLIO,INFLUENJA,SMALLPOX,HERPES,DENGUE,MEAS

LES,RABIES,AIDS,

BACTERI

A TUBER

CULOSIS,PNEUMON

IA,TETNUS, D

IOA

RRHOEA ,DIPTHERIA,TYPHOID,ACNE,CHOLERA ,SYPHILLIS

FUNGI FOOD POISONING , RINGWORM , CANDIDIASIS,

ATHLET¶S FOO

PROTOZOA MALARIA , KALA-AZAR , SLEEPING SICKNESS ,

AMOEBIC DYSENTERY , GIRADIASIS

WORMS FILARIASIS,ELEPHANTIATIS, ASCARIES,



The immune system

� Most of the microorganisms that surround us do

not cause illness. This is in part due to their lack

of specific genetic information that would allow

them to cause us harm, but is mostly due to their inability to circumvent the powerful immune

systems that most humans and animals have.

The ability to infect a human or animal requires

a significant number of genes (called virulence

factors) that help the microbe attach to its victim

and combat the immune system of the host.



Immunization� Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by

which an individual's immune system becomesfortified against an agent (known as theimmunogen).

�When an immune system is exposed tomolecules that are foreign to the body (non-self ),it will orchestrate an immune response, but itcan also develop the ability to quickly respond toa subsequent encounter (through immunologicalmemory). This is a function of the adaptiveimmune system. Therefore, by exposing ananimal to an immunogen in a controlled way,their body can learn to protect itself: this is called

active immunisation.

bio (ashutosh 9th d)

Documents