bio anatomy project

8/21/2019 Bio Anatomy Project

1/16

SPARTAN Program: Tour of the

Human AnatomyONI data file SP-137Content: Tour of SPARTAN Anatomy

Tet Su!"e#t: Riley $iller% &a'id (on)ale)% *a+ &o,n% *oh ria

C.ASSII/&

The 0age you ha'e attem0ted to a##e i #urrently !lo#ed in a##ordan#e to 2NSC Se#urity A#t

Title II% Su!title C% Se#tion 3145


2/16

The Immune Sytem and /ndo#rine SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: &efene and Informational Signaling

The immune ytem i a !iologi#al ytem deigned to 0rote#t againt dieae6 Immunology i

the tudy of thi ytem and it defene layer6 Sin form the firt line of any SPARTAN

defene% me#hani#ally 0rote#ting againt 0athogen and mi#roorganim6 The other t,o line of

defene lie in non-0e#ifi# and 0e#ifi# re0one6 In non-0e#ifi# re0one% the leuo#yte

#alled Phago#yte and $a#ro0hage are releaed to eat the foreign material6 8ao0hil and $at

Cell #an then alo !e releaed to illi#it an inflammatory or allergi# rea#tion% often re9uiring anti-

hitamine to di0ere666 The uual reult i lo#ali)ed redne% ,elling% heat% and 0ain a the !ody

trie to fight off the in'ader% or% the $a#ro0hage #an tart a fe'er uing Interleuin6 If further

#ountermeaure are re9uired% a 0e#ifi# re0one i unleahed throughout the !ody6 In a 0e#ifi#

re0one% $a#ro0hage along ,ith T #ell and 8 #ell ,ill !e de0loyed in for#e from the Thymu

after 0rodu#tion in !one marro, to #om!at the infe#tion6 See ONI re0ort A613; on flood

infe#tion< .ym0ho#yte% or 8 and T #ell% are de0loyed to #ell ,ith Antigen marer ,ho ue

Anti!odie for re#ognition6 8 #ell #reate the anti!odie% e#reting them into the !lood or 0la#ingthem u0on #ell to 0aint target for the T #ell6 The T #ell are di'ided into t,o role% Hel0er and

=iller T #ell6 =iller T #ell eliminate infe#ted !ody #ell and tumor #ell6 Hel0er T #ell on the

other hand manufa#ture and releae #hemi#al the 0rom0t the #reation of effe#tor and memory

#ell ,ho ,ill tand guard againt the 0e#ifi# aggreor and #reate future immunity for the

organim6 >a##ine and anti!ioti# #an alo !e ued to #om!at 0athogen% ,ith anti!ioti#

a#ti'ely eeing out and u00reing dieae and 'a##ine de'elo0ing immunity to a dieae

!eforehand !y e+0oing the !ody to dead 0athogen6 Auto-immune dieae #an alo o##ur in

,hi#h the !ody target itelf for an immune rea#tion6 Allergi# re0one are different in that they

are immune re0one dire#ted at harmle u!tan#e6 The endo#rine ytem on the other hand

i an information ignaling ytem ,ith lo, initiation and long term effe#t6 It mae ue ofhormone e#reted into the !lood

tream to 0erform it dutie6 It i

0rimarily re0oni!le for the

glu#agon inulin feed!a# loo0%

!oth of ,hi#h are e#reted !y the

0an#rea6 Thee t,o #hemi#al

mut !e 0ro0erly !alan#ed to

o!tain homeotai6 If the le'el of

one hormone flu#tuate% it #an #aue

re0er#uion a#ro the !ody aeen in dia!ete6 Tra'el i

dangerou to thee t,o ytem a

it i liely that you ,ill !e

identified a a hotile intruder6 It i

re#ommended to 0ra#ti#e e+treme

#aution ,hen 'iiting6


3/16

The /+#retory SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Remo'al of ?ate

The e+#retory ytem i deigned for the ole 0ur0oe of e+#retion in the form of urination of

,eat6 /+#retion i% im0ly 0ut% the 0ro#e of eliminating or e+0elling ,ate matter6 To

a##om0lih thi% meta!oli# ,ate mut undergo a 0ro#e no,n im0ly a the e+#retory

0ro#e6 irt off% !lood i #leaned in the !y the idney6 The idney i made u0 of Ne0hron and

houe the adrenal gland a!o'e it6 /a#h of the t,o idney i fed !lood !y the renal artery6 The

!lood i then thoroughly 0ro#eed% ,ith all e+#e material 0ulled out !y around a million

ne0hron6 /a#h ne0hron ,or to filter the !lood !y running it through 8o,man #a0ule and

into the glomerulu% a tru#ture that remo'e 0lama and mall olute from the !lood% lea'ing

!ehind a hea'ily hy0ertoni# olution6 The 0lama then undergoe filtration and rea!or0tion

through the ue of a#ti'e tran0ort6 The #leaned !lood then e+it through the renal 'ein for

di0eral into the aorta and the larger !ody6 The remaining material i #on'erted to urine and

#olle#ted !y the ureter6 The ureter 0ae the urine to the !ladder ,here it i tored !efore !eing

e"e#ted from the !ody through the urethra in an a#t no,n a urination6 The other t,o organin'ol'ed in the e+#retory ytem are the in% li'er% and lung6 The li'er alo ,or to #lean the

!ody% !ut% intead of remo'ing ,ate% it deto+ifie meta!olite6 Alongide thi im0ortant role% it

main 0ur0oe lie in aiting ,ith digetion through the #reation of !ile6 Sin 0lay a 0art a

,ell% hel0ing to remo'e alt out through the in6 Thi i a##om0lihed in the ,eat gland%

,here ,eat i manufa#tured and e#reted6 S,eat% !eide hel0ing in e+#retion% alo ait in

homeotai !y hel0ing to maintain a ta!le !ody tem0erature6 .atly% the lung alo 0lay a role

in e+#retion of ,ate6 A a 0art of re0iration% the lung diffue #ar!on dio+ide and other harmful

gae out of the !loodtream6 Through thi a#t% it er'e a role in the e+#retory ytem6 Thi area

i at medium ri for tra'el6 2e a00ro0riate #aution6

Cortana Hel0ful Ti0: .iten u0 #hief@ Here ,hat you need to no,6 The

e+#retory ytem i deigned to remo'e e+#e ,ate from the !ody in order to

maintain homeotai and 0re'ent damage6 Thi i done through ,eating%

urination% or e+halation !oth !eing form of e+#retion6


4/16

The /+#retory SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Remo'al of ?ate


5/16

The &igeti'e SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Pro#eing ood $aterial


6/16

The &igeti'e SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Pro#eing ood $aterial


7/16

The Ner'ou SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Command and Control


8/16

The Ner'ou SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Command and Control


9/16

The Seletal SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Seletal Su00ort


10/16

The Seletal SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Seletal Su00ort


11/16

The $u#le SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: 8ody $o'ement


12/16

The $u#le SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: 8ody $o'ement


13/16

The Re0iratory SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: (a /+#hange


14/16

The Re0iratory SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: (a /+#hange


15/16

The Cir#ulatory SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Cir#ulation and Tran0ort of Nutrient


16/16

The Cir#ulatory SytemPrimary O!"e#ti'e: Cir#ulation and Tran0ort of Nutrient

bio anatomy project

Documents