Bingham Canyon Part 1

Bingham Canyon Mine Explosion by Kennecot Copper

Ch. 16 Mining and Mineral Resources p. 439

Section 1: Minerals and Mineral Resources p.440

Make a list of everyday items that are made

from minerals.Amethyst-

silicon dioxide SiO2

A variety of Quartz

• Car batteries fireworks

• Toothpaste airplanes

• Computer chips spacecrafts

• Plant fertilizers golf and tennis balls

• Cosmetics minerals to color glass

• Building materials

• Stain-less steel silverware

• Porcelain

• Magnesite ---”mag wheels”

Diamonds

Open Pit Mining

Open Pit Mining

The Challenge

To satisfy the demand for mineral resources while minimizing the cost to the environment !

Objectives

• Define the term mineral.

• Explain the difference between a metal and a nonmetal and give examples of each.

• Describe three processes by which ore-mineral form.

Start your notes Here !!!!!What is a mineral?

Over 4,900 different minerals----a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that has-a. A characteristic chemical composition (melting point

and hardness) b. An orderly internal structure (arrangement of atomic

particles in regular, repeating geometric patterns)c. A characteristic set of physical properties (observable

or measurable such as mass, shape, color, strength)

It is not a rock! Made of minerals and nonminerals

Minerals

• Single element- called Native elements

Gold Silver Copper

Or compounds- atoms of two or more elements

The most common are the silicates that contain silica which makes up the Earth’s crust.

Ore minerals -minerals that are valuable and economical to extractMetallic-gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu)

• Conduct electricity

• Have shiny surfaces

• Are opaque

Ore minerals

Nonmetallic – iron, lead, tin, sulfer, silica, granite, diamonds

May be dull or shiny

Good insulators

May allow light to pass through

• http://images.search.yahoo.com/search/images;_ylt=AwrBTzmQ3ftSLAsAw55XNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTB0Y3RxaGtoBHNlYwNzYwRjb2xvA2JmMQR2dGlkA1NNRTM4OV8x?_adv_prop=image&fr=moz2-ytff-tyc-sc&sz=all&va=nonmetallic+mineral

How do Ore Minerals Form?

Depends upon the environment in which they form

• Beneath the Earth’s surface

• On the Earth’s surface

• At bottoms of lakes and oceans

Hydrothermal Solutions - Hot subsurface

waters that contain dissolved minerals

• This water flows through cracks in rocks

• It dissolves minerals

• They crystallize and fill fractures

• Forms ore deposits called veins

• Easier to extract

Evaporites- salt deposits

• Rivers and streams wash over land surfaces

• This dissolves salts and carries them to ocean and inland lakes

• Water evaporates

• Salt deposits are left behind

• Examples-halite (rock salt) and gypsum

Magma

• Cooling magma concentrates minerals in the lower part of the magma body as it cools and moves upward through the crust.

Mineral Resources and Their Uses p. 444

• Can be pounded into various shapes• Stretch without breaking• Good conductors of heat and electricity• Durability and resistance to corrosion • can be combined to form alloys (two or more metals)• Construction industry -sheetrock and concrete• Roads, buildings, gravel• Computer chips• Airplanes• Gemstones prized for the beauty

Turquoise –mined for 10,000 years in Az.

Ticket Out-use notebook paperopen books to page 441

1. Define - mineral2. What is the difference between a mental and

a non-metal and give tow examples from the book- (not notes)

3. What is the most consumed ore in the United States?

4. What are gangue minerals? p.4425. Name three processed by which mineral form.6. List four minerals and their uses from the chart

on page 414.7. Ilmenite is an important ore for which element

and how is it used. (Figure 5)

On back of handout Map SkillsGo to p.464 Answer 1-4

1. ______________2. a.___ +___+___ + ___ = _____ / 31.6 X 100 = _____

b. gold ___________________________________copper __________________________________iron ore _________________________________zinc ____________________________________

3. a. ____+ ____ = _____ / 31.6 X 100 = ____ b. __________________________________________4. ___________________________________________

(Yes - abbreviate the states)

Ch. 16 Mining and Mineral Resources p.

Section 2 p. 445

Mineral Exploration and Mining

“The meek shall inherit the Earth but not the mineral rights.”

What you think this statement means. What would you do if valuable minerals were discovered on land that you owned?

Ch. 16 Mining and Mineral Resources p. 451

Section 3: Mining Regulations and Mine Reclamation

List some of the effects that mining may have on the

environment. What kinds of laws could ensure that

the environmental effects of mining are minimized?