binge drinking and blood alcohol level
DESCRIPTION
Binge Drinking and Blood Alcohol Level. Arts Academy at Benjamin Rush This power point was downloaded 11/2010. It was originally created by Pearson Education Inc and freely distributed via the internet for use on college campuses. It has been edited for High School Health class. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Binge Drinking andBlood Alcohol Level
Arts Academy at Benjamin RushThis power point was downloaded 11/2010. It was originally created by Pearson Education Inc and freely distributed via the internet for use on
college campuses. It has been edited for High School Health class
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
The Frequency and Effects of Binge-Drinking Among College Students
Table 12.2
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
REVIEW: The Chemical Makeup Of Alcohol
Ethyl alcohol or ethanol – the intoxicating substance
Fermentation – yeast organisms break down plant sugars, yielding ethanol and carbon dioxide
Distillation – alcohol vapors from the fermented mash are collected and mixed with water
Proof – measure of percentage of alcohol, the alcohol percentage is 50 percent of the given proof
• 100 proof vodka is 50 percent alcohol by volume
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Immediate Effects
The primary action of alcohol is to depress the central nervous system
Diuretic – results in fluid being drawn out of cerebrospinal fluid and leads to mitochondrial dehydration
Alcohol irritates the gastrointestinal system
Hangover
Congeners – forms of alcohol that are metabolized slower than ethanol and more toxic
Drug interactions
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Long Term Effects
Effects on the nervous system Cardiovascular effects
• Antithrombotic effect Liver disease
• Alcoholic hepatitis
• Cirrhosis Cancer Irritant to gastrointestinal system Inflammation of the pancreas Block absorption of calcium Interferes with immunity
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Alcohol And Pregnancy
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) – alcohol consumed during the first trimester may affect organ development, alcohol consumed during the last trimester may affect CNS development
Fetal alcohol effects (FAE) – children with a history of prenatal alcohol exposure but with fewer than the full physical or behavioral symptoms of FAS
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Women And Alcoholism
Trend is for women, especially college-age women to drink more heavily
Women get addicted faster with less alcohol
Women alcoholics have death rates 50 to 100 percent higher than male-alcoholics
Only 14% of women who need treatment get it
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Alcoholic Beverages and Their Alcohol Equivalencies
Figure 12.2
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)or Blood Alcohol Level (BAL)
BAC – is the ratio of alcohol to total blood volume
Despite individual differences, alcohol produces some general behavioral effects depending on BAC
Learned behavioral tolerance – person learns to modify their behavior to appear sober despite a high BAC
The Legal LIMIT for a person 21 and over in PA is
.08 or 8- 100th or 2/25
The LEGAL LIMIT for a person under 21 in PA is 0.00
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Psychological and Physical Effects of Various Blood-Alcohol Concentration Levels
Table 12.3
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Approximate Blood Alcohol Concentration Based on Body Weight and Number of Drinks
Figure 12.3
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Absorption And Metabolism
Factors that influence how quickly body absorbs alcohol:
• Alcohol concentration in beverage (includes “proof” of alcohol and mixed drinks vs “regular”)
• Amount of food and non-alcoholic drinks in stomach
• Metabolism
• Age , Gender, diet, other factors
• Body Mass Index
• Mood
• Use of other drugs such as Tobacco or Marijuana
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Other factors that influences BAL/BAC
• Body Weight
• Body Height
• Personal Tolerance
• Maturity level
• Speed in which a person consumes alcohol• Exercise (dangerous due to decreased motor functions)
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Women And Alcohol
Different body fat composition than men
Women have half the amount of alcohol hydrogenase, the enzyme that breaks down alcohol. If a woman and a man drink the same amount of alcohol, the woman will have a BAC that is 30% higher
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Alcohol Poisoning
Death from alcohol poisoning can be caused by central nervous system and respiratory depression or inhalation of vomit or fluid into the lungs
Signs of alcohol poisoning include:
• Weak, rapid pulse
• Unusual or irregular breathing pattern
• Cool, damp, pale, bluish skin
• Mental confusion
• Vomiting
• Seizures
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism
Alcohol abuse – interferes with work, school, or social and family relationships or entails any violation of the law
Alcoholism – when personal and health problems related to alcohol use are severe and stopping alcohol use results in withdrawal symptoms
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
The Causes Of Alcohol Abuse And Alcoholism
Biological and family factors
• Alcoholism is 4-5x more common among children of alcoholics
Social and cultural factors
• Social pressure
• Family attitude toward drinking
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Effects Of Alcoholism On The Family
Children in alcoholic dysfunctional families generally assume at least one of the following roles:
• Family hero
• Scapegoat
• Lost child
• Mascot
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Costs To Society
Half of all traffic accidents are attributable to alcohol
In 1998, alcohol related costs to society were $184.6 billion when health insurance, criminal justice costs, treatment costs, and lost productivity were factored in
Responsible for > 25% of nation’s medical costs and lost earnings
Every underage drinker costs society and average of $4,680 a year.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Alcohol
Discussion Question:
Discuss situations when you have been drinking or you know someone who was drinking and thought that you/they were in control but may have had a high blood alcohol content. Can you safely trust your own judgment?