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West Visayas State UniversityCollege of Arts and Sciences

Iloilo City 11

Chapter I

Introduction of the Study

Chapter One has five parts, namely, (1) Background and

Theoretical Framework of the Study, (2) Statement of the

Problem and the Hypothesis, (3) Significance of the Study,

(4) Definition of terms, and (5) Delimitation of the Study.

Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the

Study, discusses the rationale for choosing the problem.

Part Two, Statement of the Problem and the Hypothesis,

states the purpose for conducting the investigation and the

hypothesis tested.

Part Three, Significance of the Study, cites the

benefits that could be derived from the results of the

study.

Part Four, Definition of Terms, gives the conceptual

and the operational meanings of some terms used in the

study.

Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, specifies the

scope and coverage of the study.




Iloilo City 12

Background of the Study

Transportation is very essential to a human being. It

is the means to get from point A to point B.

Transportation, also, plays a vital role for the

development of a community. It provides the flow of goods

and services to the community. According to Weiland and

Deckers, transportation is an important agent for community

development as it serves as the bridge for interaction.

With the change of modern times, many forms of

transportation have been developed. In the Philippine

context, Filipinos rely on Public Utility Jeepneys as a

day-to-day basis for transportation for decades now. Also,

these jeepneys provided the Filipino people cheap

transportation for decades now. With the advancement of

technology, it made possible to manufacture more jeepneys

than before. With the surging number of PUJs, the public

roads and highways could not keep with the volume of PUVs

and PUJs. Thus, creating traffic jams and traffic

deadlocks. The government is very particular of this

problem. Many of these measures proved to be ineffective.

The city of Iloilo is also facing the same problem

with the National Government. Public roads and highways in




Iloilo City 13

Iloilo city are often congested by PUVs and PUJs. Like the

National Government, the Local Government Unit of Iloilo

City used many measures to avoid traffic congestion in the

city. Many of these measures proved to be ineffective to

control the traffic. There were numbers of traffic

rerouting throughout the city. Even traffic rerouting

proved to be ineffective. Traffic rerouting was a subject

of critic among the residents of Iloilo City. Commuters and

transport groups were divided on the opinion of traffic

rerouting. On 2008, the Local Government of Iloilo city

conceived a plan to control traffic flow in the city.

Sangguniang Panglungsod devised the Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance. The Perimeter Boundary Ordinance aimed to reduce

the number of PUJs to prevent that are entering the city.

The ordinance specifically targeted Provincial PUJs to

prevent them from entering the city. The ordinance was also

a subject of criticism as it was to limit the route of

Provincial PUJs. Provincial transport groups and commuters

coming out from the city voiced against the ordinance.

Indeed, the Provincial transport groups and commuters

viewed the Perimeter Boundary Ordinance very negatively. In

this regard, the researchers tried to seek answers as to




Iloilo City 14

how residents of Iloilo perceive the Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance.

Review of Related Literature

The following topics are discussed: (1) Iloilo City,

(2) Perimeter Boundary Ordinance and (3) Public Opinion.

Iloilo City is a highly urbanized city of Panay Island

in thePhilippines, and the capital city of the province

of Iloilo. It is the regional center of the Western

Visayas as well as the center of the Iloilo-Guimaras

Metropolitan Area. In the 2010 census, Iloilo City had a

population of 424,619 with a 1.8% population annual growth

rate.Iloilo City is located in the southern shores

of Panay Island. The city faces Iloilo Strait

and Guimaras Island across it, making it a natural harbor

and a safe anchorage for ships. The city lies on a flat

alluvial plain, reclaimed mostly from the swampy areas due

to urbanization and industrialization in the late 19th

century until the present. Traversing the city are the

rivers of Iloilo, Batiano, Jaro and Dungon Creek. Iloilo

River is an estuary that separates the districts of City

Proper, Molo and Villa Arevalo from the rest of the city.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_of_the_Philippines#City_classification

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panay

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iloilo_(province)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Visayas


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Iloilo-Guimaras



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimaras

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimaras













Iloilo City 15

On the other hand, Jaro River is fed by its tributary

rivers, Aganan and Tigum and passes by the flood plains of

the Jaro and La Paz districts. Iloilo City is

337.6 nautical miles from Manila. The city has a total land

area of 70.3 square kilometres and is divided into 180

barangays with seven aggregate districts.

Perimeter Boundary Ordinance. The PBO is an ordinance

devised to reduce traffic congestion around Iloilo City. It

was first passed in the City Council in 2004 and certain

provisions were amended on 2008. The ordinance aimed to

control and regulate the traffic inflow and outflow,

parking, loading/unloading of passengers and cargoes in the

designated parking areas and to penalize traffic violators,

in the City of Iloilo.

Public Opinion.Public opinion is the aggregate of

individual attitudes or beliefs. Public opinion can also be

defined as the complex collection of opinions of many

different people and the sum of all their views, or as a

single opinion held by an individual about a social or

political topic. The meaning of public opinion has changed

dramatically over time. Public opinion plays an important

role in the political sphere. Cutting across all aspects of

relationship between government and public opinion are

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belief

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manila

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile




Iloilo City 16

studies of voting behavior. These have registered the

distribution of opinions on a wide variety of issues, have

explored the impact of special interest groups on election

outcomes and have contributed to our knowledge about the

effects of government propaganda and policy.

Theoretical Framework

The researchers were interested in knowing whether or

not, age, sex, civil status, and educational attainment of

respondents would affect the perception of the selected

residents of Iloilo City.

Younger persons are said to be more dedicated when it

comes to work as compared to older ones. As to sex, the

females are said to be subjective while the males seem to

be objective.

It is also said that educational attainment of a

person affects his level of awareness. Moreover, a married

person’s way of thinking is different from that of a single

individual. It is for these reasons and observations that

this study was initiated.




Iloilo City 17

Research Paradigm

Independent Variables Dependent

Variable

Figure 1. Perception of the Public Boundary Ordinance as

associated by certain variables.

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the perception of the

Implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance in Iloilo

City by the selected residents of Iloilo City.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following

questions:

1. What is the perception of the Selected residentstowards the implementation of Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance in the City of Iloilo viewed when the

Implementation of

Perimeter boundary

ordinance as

perceived by the

Respondents

Age

Sex

Educational

Attainment

Civil Status




Iloilo City 18

respondents were taken as a whole group and were

classified according to age, sex, civil status, and

educational attainment?

2. Is there a significant difference in the levelperception to the implementation of Perimeter

Boundary Ordinance in Iloilo City as perceived by

the selected residents of Iloilo City when the

respondents are classified according to age, sex,

civil status, and educational attainment?

Hypothesis

In view of the preceding problem, the following null

hypothesis was posed:

1. There is no significant difference in the residents’

perception of the implementation of Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance in the City of Iloilo when the respondents

are classified according to age, sex, civil status,

and educational attainment.




Iloilo City 19

Significance of the Study

The result of this study will be beneficial to the

following:

Academicians. It will inspire local academicians as

well as professionals to conduct further study on public

opinion among policies adopted by the government.

Future Student-Researchers. It will provide data and

analysis on the subject matter that will serve as aid and

basis for the conduct of further study on the same subject-

matter.

The Government. It will encourage Local Government

Units to confer to public opinion on making policies.

Respondents. It will instil among people into them the

power of their opinion.




Iloilo City 20

Definition of Terms

For clarity and better understanding of the study the

following terms are hereby conceptually and operationally

defined:

Iloilo - is a highly urbanized city of Panay Island in

the Philippines, and the capital city of the province

of Iloilo.

In this study, “Iloilo” is the venue of the research.

Resident – is a person residing in a definite place by

virtue of his occupation, social status or employment.

In this study, “resident” refers to the people

residing in Iloilo City.

Perception – the act of, power, process or product of

perceiving knowledge through the senses, of the existence

and properties of matter and the external world.

In this study, “perception” refers to the respondents’

knowledge acquired through their senses about the

implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance in the City

of Iloilo.












Iloilo City 21

Implementation - the stage where

government executes an adopted policy as specified by the

legislation or policy action.

In this study, “implementation” refers to the

execution of the Perimeter Boundary Ordinance in the City

of Iloilo.

Delimitation of the Study

This study focused on the perception of the 50

randomly-selected residents of Iloilo City on the

implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance in Iloilo

City. The data obtained for this study will be based on the

responses of the respondents’ characteristics such as age,

sex, civil status, and educational attainment were the

independent variables of the study and the implementation

of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance was the dependent variable.

The research will be conducted from November 15-30,

2013 among the residents of Iloilo City. The research

instrument used was a rating scale of the performance of

the implementation of the Perimeter Boundary Ordinance.




Iloilo City 22

The statistical tools used to interpret the data will

be frequency, percentage and mean for descriptive

statistics and t-test and one way analysis of variance for

inferential statistics. Significance will be set at 0.05

alpha level.




Iloilo City 23

Chapter II

Methodology

Chapter Two has three parts: (1) Purpose of the Study

and Research Design, (2) Method, and (3) Statistical Data

Analysis Procedure.

Part One, Purpose of the Study and Research Design,

restates the purpose of the study and describes the

research instrument and variables used in the study.

Part Two, Method, describes the subjects, the data-

gathering instrument and the research procedures employed

in this study.

Part Three, Statistical Data Analysis Procedure,

explains the procedure for scoring and the statistical

procedure used to test the hypothesis.




Iloilo City 25

Method

The Respondents

The respondents in this research are 50 randomly

selected residents of Iloilo City. They were classified

into categories according to sex, age, civil status, and

educational attainment.

As to sex, 28 or 56% were male and 22 (44%) were

female. As to age,29 (58%) were 15-25 years old, 11 (22%)

were 26-36 years old, 10 (25%) were 37 years old and above.

As to educational attainment, 16 or 32% were

elementary/high school graduate, and 34 or 68% were college

graduate. As to civil status, 34 or 68% were single, and 16

or 32% were single.

The Categories are shown in Table 1.




Iloilo City 26

Table 1. Distribution of the Respondents According to

Certain Categories

Categories Frequency

Percentage

Entire Group 50 100

A. Age

15-25 years old 29 58

26-36 years old 11 22

37 and above 10 20

B Sex

Male 28 56

Female 22 44

C. Educational Attainment

Elementary/High School 16 32

College 34 68

D. Civil Status

Single 34 68

Married 16 32




Iloilo City 27

Data-Gathering Instrument

To gather the data for this investigation, a 5-item

questionnaire with 4-item rating scale will be utilized.

Part I was the respondents’ personal data sheet. Part II

was the questionnaire proper. It will be a 5-item

questionnaire with 4-item rating scale manifesting the

following responses: “Very Positive”, “Positive”,

“Negative” and “Very Negative”.

"Extremely Positive” meant that the respondent

perceived the implementation as absolutely ideal. “Very

Positive” meant the respondent perceived the implementation

as very ideal. “Positive” meant the respondent perceived

the implementation as ideal. “Negative” meant the

respondent perceived the implementation as not ideal. “Very

Negative” meant the respondent perceived the implementation

as very not ideal.




Iloilo City 28

Scoring

To score the above responses, each item was given

weight and the corresponding description:

Weight Description

5 Extremely Positive

4 Very Positive

3 Positive

2 Negative

1 Very Negative

For purposes of analysis, the responses were assigned

a scale and the corresponding description:

Scale Description

5.00 – 4.01 Very Positive

4.00- 3.01 Positive

3.00 – 2.0 Negative

2.00 - 1.00 Very Negative




Iloilo City 29

Procedure

The researchers requested permission from the Office

of the City Mayor of Iloilo City to conduct a rating scale

on the implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance. The

instrument will be personally distributed to the 50

randomly-selected residents of Iloilo City. Upon retrieval

of the accomplished copies of the questionnaire, the

researchers will tally, classify, tabulate, and subject the

data to the appropriate statistical treatments.

Statistical Data Analysis

The following tools were utilized in interpreting the

results of the study.

Frequency. Frequency will be used to determine the

number of times the responses of members appeared in each

category.

Percentage. The will be used to determine the number

of the members in each category as compared from their

number in the entire group.




Iloilo City 30

Mean. The mean will be used to determine the level of

the residents’ scores in the perception of the

implementation.

The following scale of means and the corresponding

description were employed:

Scale Description


4.00 - 3.01 Positive



t-test. The t-test was used if a significant

difference exists in the perception of respondents under

two-level category such as sex civil status and educational

attainment.

One-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). One-way ANOVA

will be used to determine if a significant difference

exists the three or more level categories such as age.




Iloilo City 31

Chapter 3

Results

Chapter Three presents the results of the Analysis of

the data after subjecting the data to statistical

treatment.

Descriptive Data Analysis

The descriptive analysis of the data was based on the

computed mean scores.

Perception of the Implementation of the Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance When Respondents Were Taken as an Entire Group

and Classified According to Age, Sex, Civil Status and

Educational Attainment

When taken as an entire group, the respondents viewed

the implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance as

"Negative", mean = 2.9506.

When classified as to sex, the respondents viewed the

implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance as

"Negative", mean (male= 2.9095, female= 3.0212).

When classified as to civil status, the respondents

viewed the implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance

as "Negative", mean (married= 2.7458,single= 3.0588).




Iloilo City 32

When classified as to educational attainment, the

respondents viewed the implementation of Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance as "Negative", mean (Elementary/High School=

2.8375, College= 3.0157).

When classified as to age, the respondents viewed the

implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance as

"Negative", mean (15-25= 2.9885, 26-36= 3.2000, 37 and

above= 2.6067).

Table 2 shows the data.




Iloilo City 33

Table 2. Perception of the Implementation of the Perimeter

Boundary Ordinance in the City of Iloilo by the Selected

Residents of Iloilo City were Taken as an Entire Group and

Classified to Sex, Civil Status, Educational Attainment and

Age.

Categories Mean SD Description

Entire Group 2.95 Negative

A. Age

15-25 years old 2.99 0.5 Negative

26-36 years old 3.20 0.49 Positive

37 and above 2.61 0.81 Negative

B. Sex

Male 2.91 0.59 Negative

Female 3.02 0.63 Positive

C. Educational Attainment

Elementary/High School 2.84 0.46 Negative

College 3.06 0.66 Positive

D. Civil Status

Single 3.06 0.55 Positive

Married 2.75 0.69 Negative




Iloilo City 34

Legend:

Scale Description


4.00- 3.01 Positive



Inferential Data Analysis

To find if a significant difference existed in the

perception of the selected residents in the implementation

of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance, the researchers used t-

test was used for sex, educational attainment and civil

status, and the One-Way ANOVA (analysis of variance)for

age. Significance was set at 0.05 alpha.

No significant difference existed in the perception of

the residents on the Implementation of Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance in the City of Iloilo classified to sex, t-value=

0.640, and p= 0.525, p>0.05. The null hypothesis was

therefore accepted.




Iloilo City 35



Ordinance in the City of Iloilo classified to civil status,

t-value= 1.730, and p= 0.090, p>0.05. The null hypothesis

was therefore accepted.



Ordinance in the City of Iloilo classified to educational

attainment, t-value= 0.965, and p= 0.340, p>0.05. The null

hypothesis was therefore accepted.

Table 3 shows the data.




Iloilo City 37



Ordinance in the City of Iloilo classified to age, F-ratio=

2.754, df (2,47)= 49,p=0.74, p>0.05. The null hypothesis

was therefore accepted.

Table 4. ANOVA Results for Significant Difference in the

Residents' Perception in the Implementation of Perimeter

Boundary Ordinance in the City of Iloilo classified as to

Age.

Sources of Sum of Squares df F Sig Decision

Variation

Between Groups 1.91 2 2.75 0.074 Not Sig

Within Groups 16.26 47

Total 18.17 49




Iloilo City 38

Chapter 4

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

Chapter Four gives the summary, findings, conclusions,

and recommendations.

The principal aim for this study was to determine the

level of implementation of the Perimeter Boundary Ordinance

in the City of Iloilo as perceived by the selected

residents of Iloilo City.

Specifically , it sought answers to the following

questions

1.)What is the perception of the Selected residents

towards the implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance

in the City of Iloilo viewed when the respondents were

taken as a whole group?

2.)What is the perception of the Selected residents

towards the implementation of Perimeter Boundary Ordinance

in the City of Iloilo viewed when the respondents are



3.)Is there a significant difference in the level

perception to the implementation of Perimeter Boundary




Iloilo City 39

Ordinance in Iloilo City as perceived by the selected

residents of Iloilo City when the respondents are



Summary

This descriptive study aimed at ascertaining the

perception of the 50 selected residents of the City of

Iloilo on the Implementation of the Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance in Iloilo City.

The researchers were interested in knowing whether or

not age, sex, civil status and educational attainment would

affect the perception of the selected residents of Iloilo

City.

The research instrument used was a rating scale

composed of 15 questions on the implementation of the

Perimeter Boundary Ordinance in the City of Iloilo. It

aimed to determine whether or not, age, sex, civil status

and educational attainment would affect the perception of

the respondents. Fifty residents in the City of Iloilo were

take as respondents of the study which covered the period

of February, 2014. The stratified random sampling was used

in the selection of the participants of the study. The




Iloilo City 40

researchers randomly choose the residents along the streets

of Calle Real, Iloilo City.

The statistical tools used were the mean and standard

deviation for descriptive statistics and t-test and one-way

ANOVA for inferential statistics.

Findings

Based on the results, the findings of the study were

the following:

1.) When taken as an entire group, majority of the

respondents viewed the implementation of the Perimeter

Boundary Ordinance in Iloilo City as "Negative".

2.) When classified according to sex, the respondents

perceived the implementation of the Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance in Iloilo City as "Negative" for male and

"Positive" for female.

3.) When classified according to civil status, the

respondents perceived the implementation of the Perimeter

Boundary Ordinance in Iloilo City as "Positive" for singles

and "Negative" for married.




Iloilo City 41

4.) When classified according to educational, the

respondents perceived the implementation of the Perimeter

Boundary Ordinance in Iloilo City as "Negative" for Elem/HS

graduates and "Positive" for College graduates.

5.) When classified according to age, the respondents

perceived the implementation of the Perimeter Boundary

Ordinance in Iloilo City as "Negative" for 15-25 and 37-

above and "Positive" for 26-36.

6.) There was no significant difference in the

perception of the respondents in the implementation of the

Perimeter Boundary Ordinance when classified according to

age, sex, civil status, and educational attainment.




age.




sex.






Iloilo City 42


civil status.

10.)There was no significant difference in the



educational attainment.




Iloilo City 43

Conclusions

In view of the preceding findings, the following

conclusions were drawn:

1.) The perception of the residents of Iloilo City on

the implementation of the Perimeter Boundary Ordinance when

they were taken as an entire group was "Negative". This

means that the residents view the implementation of the

Perimeter Boundary Ordinance as not ideal.



they were classified according to sex was "Negative" for

male and "Positive" for female This means that males view

the implementation as not ideal while the females view it

as ideal.



they were classified according to civil status was

"Positive" for singles and "Negative" for married. This

means that singles view the implementation as ideal while

married respondents view it as not ideal.






Iloilo City 44

they were classified according to educational attainment

was "Negative" for Elem/HS graduates and "Positive" for

College graduates. This means that Elem/HS graduates view

the implementation as not ideal while the College graduates

view it as ideal.



they were classified according to age was "Negative" for

15-25 and 37-above and "Positive" for 26-36. This means

that the age group 15-25 and 37-above view the

implementation as not ideal while for the age group 26-36

view it as ideal.


perception of the selected residents of Iloilo City on the

implementation of the Perimeter Boundary Ordinance in

Iloilo City when they were classified according to sex,

civil status, educational attainment, and age.

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