bihar soil

8/11/2019 Bihar Soil

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Submitted by

Mission DirectorState Horticulture Mission, BiharBihar Horticulture Development Society

Registered under Society Registration Act 21, 1860

Directorate of HorticultureDept. of Agriculture, GOB

Barrack No.-13 Main Secretariat Complex

Patna 800015


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CONTENTS

S.N. PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

1.1 Geography & Climate of the state 3

1.2 Potential for Development of Medicinal Plants 5

1.3 Existing Infrastructure 6

1.4 Land Availability 6-7

1.5 Status of Development of Medicinal Plants 9

2 SWOT Analysis 10-11

3 Details of Annual Action Plan 12

3.1 Objective and Strategy 12-15

3.2 Address of Implementation Agency 15

3.3 Salient Aspect of Annual action Plan 15

3.4

Component wise particulars of fund released during the

year 2008-09. 17-18

Detail Action Plan 2009-2010. 18

3.4.1 Establishment of seed center & nurseries 19-20

3.4.2 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 21-29

3.4.3 Post Harvest Management 30

Drying Yards 30

Storage Godowns 30

Processing Units 31Quality Testing Lab 31

Support for Quality testing 31

3.4.4 Market Promotion 31-32

Market Infrastructure 32

Buy back interventions 32

3.4.5 Certification and Insurance

Organic/GAP Certification 33Crop Insurance 33

Mission Management 33

Summary of Components 2009-2010 34-36


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. Background Information1.1 Geography & Climate of the stateBihar is located in the eastern part of the country. The outlet to the sea isthrough Kolkata. The river Ganga flows through the middle of Bihar planefrom west to east divides in to two halves. The state lies between the humid

West Bengal in the east and the sub humid Utter Pradesh in the west, whichgives it a transitional position in terms of climate.

The north Gangetic plain consist flat alluvial region, and is prone to floods.The Kosi River, due to its tendency to cause dangerous floods, was previouslyreferred to as the sorrow of Bihar, before the construction of artificialembankments. There are six rivers namely Gandhak, Burhi Gandhak,Bagmati, Ghaghra, Kosi and kamla in north Bihar.

Bihar plain is composed of mainly new alluvium, which is mostly non-chalkyand heavy textured (clay and clay loam) towards.

The east, and chalky and light textured (mostly sandy loam) towards the westof the old Burhi Gandak river.

In the south, the gangatic plane is more diversified than in north.

Many hills rise from the level alluvium than constitutes the Gangatic plane.Except for Son, all the rivers are small, and their water is diverted intoirrigation channels. The soil is generally made up older alluvium.

The Kaimur Plateau lies in the extreme southwest. It consists of nearlyhorizontal sandstone strata that are underlain by limestone. The soil of the

plateau is typically red, and is sandy in the Damoder valley.

(1165.45mm). Rainfall during the monsoon varies from the lowest of 935.55 inzone III to the highest of 1105.9mm in zone II and a moderate rainfall of1077.3mm in zone I. During the autumn months (October-November), zones I,II and A III receives the winter rains of 35.15 (zone I), 28.7 (zone II) and 31.95mm (zone III) in different zones. Summer season receive 1102, 135.0 and 86.00mm in agro-climatic zones I, II and III respectively.

1.1.2 Agro-climatic zonesAgro-climatic zone District

gro-climatic Zone I West Champaran, East Champaran, Siwan, Saran,Sitamarahi, Sheohar, Muzzaffarpur, Vaishali,Madhubani, Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj,Begusarai.

gro-climatic Zone II Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul, Madhepura,Khagaria, Araria, Kishanganj.

Descri tion


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Agro-climatic Zone III Rohatas, Bhojpur, Buxer, Bhabua, Arwal, Patna,Nalanda, Nawada, Shekhpura, Jahanabad,Aurangabad, Gaya, Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka,

Jamui, Lakhisarai.

Soil

(a) Agro-climatic zone I:- Except for the northern and western portions, theentire zone is under the influence of rivers Gandak, Burhi Gandak andGhaghra originating from the line rich foothills of the Himalayas and thus soilare mostly calcareous(CaCO3) varying from 21.50% to 30% soil of Siwan,Gopalgang East and West Champaran, Muzaffarpur and Vaishali district havedeveloped saliently.

(b) Agro-climatic zone II :- The soil of the back waters of river Ganga andKosi are mostly light to medium textured (except non- calcareous) throughaccumulation of sodium salts and sodium adsorption have taken place in poordrained soils.Parts of Purnea and Katihar districts have also saline and alkali

soils. The soils of this zone are very poor in nitrogen and in availablephosphorus and potassium; deficiencies of zinc and boron and toxicity ofmanganese have been widely recognized.

(c) Agro-climatic zone III:- This zone is drier than north Bihar possessingvast stretches of Diara (251 lakh/ha.) and Tal-lands (1 lakh/ha.) with soilmostly medium to heavy textured throughout the depth of the profile.

The soil of this zone expect that of Diara and Tal-lands aremoderately well-drained to somewhat poorly drained, moderately acidic toslightly alkaline and medium textured to heavy textured. The soil of paddy

lands have developed impervious layer of varying thickness andimperviousness from simple semi-developed somewhat porous clay pans tovery hard practically impervious thick layers. The soils are poor to moderatein nitrogen, and poor to moderately rich in available phosphorus andpotassium. The soils of medium lowlands to lowlands are comparatively morefertile; whereas soil of Tal lands are highly clayey throughout their depths,grey in colour, natural to slightly alkali in reaction, moderately well-drainedinspite of their heavy texture mainly due to calcium saturation, moderatelyrich in nitrogen available P and K. The Diara lands soils with theirundulating la ndscapes are generally light to medium heavy textured with

different fertility status.

1.1.3 Suitability of crops proposed with refrence to Agro climatic zone

Agro-climatic zone Medicinal crops

Agro-climatic Zone I Buch, Kilmegh,Shatawar, Artimisia,Shwet musli, Amla,Tulsi, Stevia,Ashwagandha,Sarpgandha,Kalihari,Mint& Cybopogan spp.


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Agro-climatic Zone II Buch, Artimisia, Tulsi,Pippli,Patherchur Mint &Cybopogan spp.

Agro-climatic Zone III Buch, Ghrit kumari, Kalmegh, Shatawar, Brahmi,Artimisia, Ratalu, Amla, Gudmar, Tulsi, Stevia,Ashwagandha, Tejpat Dalchini, Patherchur, Bael,Sarpgandha, Chitrak, Kalihari, Gugal, Mint &Cybopogan spp.

1.1.4 Socio Economic profile

Those who are engaged in cultivation of different crops,are small andmarginal farmers with small holding (less than 1.00 ha.)Due to weakeconomic status, they are fail to apply vital inputs to their crops in time.Obviously,this results in low productivity of crops. In the Bihar , whostarted medicinal plants cultivation are innovative farmers. Specially inflood prone area farmers tends twards non-traditional in between February-

July (Before rainy season).

1.2 POTENTIAL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Economy of Bihar, dependent almost exclusively upon agriculture isfull of potentialities. The state has been striving to emerge as on e among theforemost in improving the produce from fields. However, the technologicalinvestment in the development on agriculture dependent on cultivation oftraditional crops under recurrent a biotic stresses like periodic drought,flooding and increasing salinity etc. have not shown desired results. Thedependence of agriculture economy almost entirely on primary output furtheradds to miseries of the people.

Major interventions are required to exploit, renovate and use theexisting agriculture infrastructure available in the state. Ample opportunitiesexist for diversified sustainable agriculture in different agro-ecosystem.Among the available option, the need is to develop a sustainable agro-economic growth strategy for pro-poor orientation towards a viabletechnology development. Systematic cultivation of high value medicinal andaromatic plants under prevailing agro-ecological conditions is beingemphasized to meet the growing importance of herbs as source of therapeuticagents, essential oils and raw material base for producing a variety of healthpromoting / complimenting products. Availability of green produce in bulkwill cater to new opportunities in processing, product development,marketing and export of raw and value added products.

1.2.1 Base line survey not been conducted. Data on area, uses etc. used in theProject, are published source and previously work done by Directorate ofHorticulture.

1.2.2 Market survey regarding demand, supply, export, import, marketand potential players is being carried.


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1.3 Existing Infrastructure

1.3.1 Existing NurseriesSl. No. Location Capacity/Produced

planting material

i 1, Anne Marg, Patna 60,000

ii Rajendra Agricultural Univ. Pusa,Samastipur

1,00,000

N.B. 10 (ten) Small Nurseries sanctioned by the NMPB, Dept. of AYUSH,N. Delhi in Yr. 2008-09 under the Centrally Sponsered Scheme of NMMP.

Sl.No.

Information regardinginfrastructure

Numbers Remarks

1.3.2 Cold storage 243 Hort. Crops1.3.3 Collection Centers /

Pack House1.3.4 Transportation facilities

1.3.6 Market / Mandies 1600 -do-Aurvedic mfg. Units 322Unani mfg. Units 22

1.3.1 Nurseries/ Pub. & Pvt. 252 10 nos. identifiedfor medicinal plants

under NMMPScheme

1.3.5 Primary DistillationUnit

195 For Medicinal Herb

1.3.7 R&D Institution 01

Certification Agencies NIL1.3.9 Farmers Association /Co-operatives / SHG's

326 General /notidentified for

Medicinal Plants

1.4 Land Availability

1.4.1 About 61.18 % of the State is under cultivation as per the figureavailable for the year 2002-03. Cluster and corresponding land availabilitywill be put forward later on.

1.4.2 Land Utilization Pattern of BiharParticulars Area (lakh ha.)

Total geographical area 93.60Total cropped area 79.57Net area sown 57,25Current fallow 4.99Forest 6.22Barren and non cultivable land 4.36


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1.4.3 However, cultivation of these crops on good fertile lands at theexpense of crops providing food security of people may not be a viablealternative. Waste / barren / non cultivable and cultivable waste landneed to diversable for non- traditional cultivation.

1.4.4 Crop substitution

1.4.4 Crop substitution Hactare1.Acorus calamus/Buch 2002.Aloe vera/Ghrit kumari 4003.Andrographis paniculata/Kalmegh 2004.Asparagus recimosus/Shatawar 2006.Bacopa monnieri /Centella asiatica(Brahmi)

50

7.Chlorophytamborivillianum/Shwetmusli 100

8. Artemisia anua Linn. 1009.Embelica officinalis/Amla 40010.Gymnema sylvestris/Gudmar 5011.Ocimum sanctum 90012.Piper longum 5013.Stevia rebaudiana /Madhukari 20014.Withenia somnifera/Ashwagandha 20015.Cynomonum species(Tejpat / Dalchini.)

200

16.Coleus species (Patharchur etc.) 200TOTAL

Plant eligible for 50% subsidy1.Aegle marmelos/Bael 2002.Rauwolfia serpentine/Sarpgandha 2003.Plumbago zeylenica 504.Glorisa superba/ Kalihari 50

TOTAL1.Commiphora wighti/Guggal 100

TOTAL

Land put to non agricultural uses 16.43Cultivable waste land 0.46Permanent Pasture land (Grazing land) 0.18Miscellaneous crops / groves 2.37Area sown more than once 22.32


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Medicinal botanicals identified for Bihar1. Anantmool2. Amla3. Arjun4. Ashok5. Bael6. Bahera7. Bhumiamlaki8. Brahmi / Bacopa moniari

9. Brahmi / Centella asiatica10. Gudmar11. Kalihari12. Kalmegh13. Kutaz14. Medalakri15. Makoy16. Mulaithi17. Neem18. Pippli19. Punarnava

20. Sarpgandha21. Shankhpushpi22. Shatavari23. Stevia24. Tulsi25. Vividang26. Davna/ Artimisia palens27. Sena28. Shwet musli29. Dalchni30. Tejpat31. Patherchur32. Krishna sariva33. Ratalu34. Kokum35. Ginkago36. Kapur kachri37. Kounch38. Nirgundi39. Ashwagandha40. Citronella

41. Lemongrass42. Pamarosa43. Mint44. CN-5 /Jamarosa45. Patchouli46. Shirish47. Saptparni48. Akarkara

49. Peela chandan50. Gambhari51. Nagkesar52. Chitrak53. Damabooti54. Guggal55. Kutki56. Kuth

57. Gunja58. Khadir59. Apamarg60. Buch61. Adusa62. Ghrit kumari63. Amaltas64. Kasmard65. Chakramrd66. Sadabahar67. Malkagni

68. Hadjod69. Indryan70. Aprajita71. Kevukand72. Amaadi73. Dhatura74. Bhringraj75. Makhana /Gorgan nut76. Gular77. Jtropha curcus78. Mehandi79. Dronpushpi80. Sonchampa81. Lajwanti82. Sahjan /Drumstic83. Mithineem84. Gokhru85. Shami86. Bakuchi87. Anar88. Janglipyaz

89. Sahdei90. Katkaranj91. Antmool92. Desi gulab93. Jangli genda /Tegetus minuta94. Bariyar95. Akanda etc.


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1.5 Status of Development of Medicinal PlantsBihar is located in the middle Gangetic plain region. Within its area of

9.40 million ha of land exist innumerable niches for colonization andmultiplication of precious plant genetic resource for utilization of raw geneticmaterial for drug development and biotechnology industry. The state isendowed with three agro-climatic zones viz. the north-west Gangetic plains,the north-east Gangetic plains and the south Bihar plains with variable

edaphic characteristic. The Indo-Nepal foot hills of Himalaya in the Northprovide altitudinal gradients. Big rivers like the Ganga, Ghagara, Gandak,Kosi etc. originating from the Himalayan mountains meander through thenorthern plains with varied topography and hydrology of low lying areas inChaurs, Diara lands, Tals, Ox-bow lakes and ponds in part diversity to itsecosystems. Plants possessing disease alleviating properties for man and cattlehave been a readily available recourse for leading a healthy life by asubstantial segment of especially economically vulnerable rural mass.

The adoption of commercial cultivation of some medicinal plants withlittle or no government support, is expending. Rough estimates show that the

area is expending fast and presently cultivated in 2600 hacters. Amongdifferent commercially growing species of medicinal plants like Mentha andLemon grass have emerged as the major players and shared more than 95%total area and production of medicinal plants in the state.

Details of Medicinal Crops being grown in Bihar:

Medicinal Plants rea (ha) Total production(tons)

(Oil/ Wet)Yield

Lemon Grass 185 25.90 140ava Citronella 38 4.75 125

Mentha 2100 252.00 120Palma Rosa 20 2.00 100Tulsi 32 3.20 100ama Rosa / CN 5 35 5.25 155

Safed Musli 16 24.0 1500Kalmegh 15 45.0 3000Sarpgandha 12 19.2 1600Shatawar 17 127.5 7500Buch 6 19.2 3200atropha 29 145.0 5000

Others 95Total 2600

With its large segment of medicine men formally trained in practicingindigenous system of medicine in Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathy a smalltribal population and a vast rural population having a rich traditionalknowledge of use of plants as drug, the demand for herbs is substantial.Traditionally, the herbs are collected from wild, but the drug companies using


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botanicals are demanding cultivated uniform quality produce for processingand drug development.

The problems faced by the sector are :-

a) Lack of reliable data base.

b) Lack of standardized cultivation practices especially for organiccultivation.

c) Lack of Post harvest management Practices.

d) Lack of organized market facility.

2. SWOT Analysis

Strengths

a) Agro-climatic condition in the state is favorable for cultivation of manymedicinal plants.

b) Use of plants as drug is quite common among the vast rural masses andthe tribal population in the remote areas along the Himalaya foothills.

For these people, the age old practice the Local Health Tradition of use ofplants as passed from generation to generation through word of mouth

is practiced through housewives, tribal / rural physicians (Bagates), bonesetters, birth attendants etc. Folk traditions witness an association of varied

plant groups with major cultural events.

c) Availability of man-power. Within an area of only 3% of the country thestate sustains 8% of its population. In the absence of the agro processingindustry and existence of primitive rural units for milling, oil extraction

etc. the large segment of human power remains unemployed. About 10-15 lakh labor force migrates every year.

d) The state has a strong network a agriculture colleges, research institutes,KVKs under the overall control of Rajendra Agricultural University.

e) Agriculture holds the prime position in sustenance of the populationand the farmers are very well versed with the cultivation practices whichcould be updated for the cultivation of medicinal plants.


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Weaknesses

Deficit in production and supply of quality planting material.

Poor transfer of technology. The high productivity achieved onexperimental farms are rarely witness on farmers fields.

Lack of strong domestic markets of promoting medicinal plants.

Low per capita availability of land (0.07 ha.)

Inadequate infrastructure for small and marginal farmers.

Inadequate research and extension support for developing newtechnologies suited to the various agro-ecological zones in the state.

Absence of organized marketing system.

Poor packaging and post harvest handling system.

Lack of support from primitive sector.

Poor infrastructure for storage and transport of perishable export

commodities.

Lack of awareness towards quality of raw produce of medicinal andaromatic plants.

Opportunities

Renewal of interest in drug of botanical Origin.

Market growth estimated to be above 7% per year.

High cost of production in developed countries which is almost 1/3 in the

state.

Thrust on development of medicinal plant sector by Govt. of India andlately by the state Govt. also.

Low labour costs.

Extension of medicinal plant cultivation in non-traditional areas.

Innovative nature of farmers.

Threats

Vagaries of nature like floods and drought.

Frequent and wide price fluctuation.

International competition for export of medicinal plants produce andproducts obtained from them especially from neighbouring countries.

Chances of adulteration with admixture of similar looking plants.

Poor electricity generation and supply.


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3. Details of the Annual Action Plan

3.1. Objectives and Strategy

3.1.1 Objectives

Support cultivation of medicinal plants according to need of AYUSH

system.

Offers an option of crop diversification and enhance incomes offarmers.

Cultivation following Good Agricultural and Collection Practices toexport value added item.

Developments for infrastructures to farmers / to their cluster zones.

Implement and support certification mechanism for quality standers.

Adopt a Mission mode approach and promote partnership,

convergence and synergy among stake holders involved in R & D,processing and marketing in public as well as private sector.

3.1.2 Strategy

Cultivation of commercially viable medicinal plants can, however bepromoted in the following ways:-

Plantation in rain fed, barren and problems soils

Within the state about 57% of 84.04 lakh ha. of gross cropped area isirrigated and the rest ( 43 % ) is rain fed and draught prune. Unlike traditionalcrops many medicinal plants have the unique capability to withstand a bioticstress. Cultivation of these plants could be taken in rain fed area. Dependingupon the nature of the species, the plant species that can be grown profitablywater deficit areas are:-

S. No. Botanical Name Common Name

1 Withania somnifera Ashwagandha2 Catharanthus roseus Sadabahar3 Asparagus recimosus Shatawar4 Rauvolfia serpentine Sarpgandha

5 Glorisa superb Kalihari6 Mucuna puriens Kewanch7 Phyllenthus ararus Bhumiamlaki8 Tephrosia purpurea9 Urginea idica10 Andrographis pniculata Kalmegh11 Plantago ovate Isabgol12 Archyranthes aspera13 Gymnema sylvestris Gudmar


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14 Tinosposa cordifolia Amrita15 Barrhavia diffusa Punarnava16 Cymbopogon martini17 C. flexuosus18 C. winterianus19 Vetiveria zizinoides Khush20 Abelmoschus moscatus21 Matricaria chamomilla Jarman chameli22 Ocimum basilicum etc. Tulsi

Saline and alkaline soils represent 2.60% of the total area in the state.Much of this area is distributed in command area. Scope for cultivation ofpalmarosa and lemon grass as also of Acorus calamus, Khas and Germanchamomil on these problem soils appears to be good as these species withstand moderate levels of sodicity with little effect on growth performance.

Wetlands in the state are spread over an area of 4.55 lakh ha.representing 4.86% of the total area in the state. Besides, a large area getsflooded during rainy Season. Some of the peripheral portion and other areas

get swallowed, depending upon the period of recession of the flood water andprovide the sites for cultivation of Acorus calmus and khas. The riparian areascould be utilized for growing Centella asiatica ,Bacopa monnieri, Eclipta albasome medicinal lilies.

Inter Cropping with Horticulture and Agro-Forestry PlantationsThe forest area in Bihar is only 6.16 lakh ha. representing about 6.59% of

the total area of the state. The small area provides limited space for the naturalregeneration of medicinal plant wealth. However, growing perennial fruitscrops occupies a very important position in agriculture economy of this state.The area under orchards is 2.86 lakh ha. providing fruits to the tune of 3.02million tones. These area provide return area only 1% year and in off years,hardly any produce is available. The area can be utilized judiciously forcultivation of those medicinal and .aromatic plants which require less careand management inputs. Selection of species, depending upon adjustment tomicro-climatic conditions in Agri Horticulture alone.

The species can be cultivated on these lands depending upon the age ofthe orchard, plant habit of the species and adjustment under the canopymicro. climate. Choice of Plant species, suited to these condition can be madefrom:-

1. Rauwolfia serpentina2. Andrographis paniculata3. Piper longum4. Urginea indica5. Mucuna pruriens6. Tinospora cordifolia7. Arbus precatorious curculigo orchioides8. Gloriosa superba9. Pogostomon patchouli etc.


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Crop Planning Using Medicinal Plants

Inter-cropping with agriculture crops.

Inter-cropping enhance yield per unit area and the total income fromthe produce. Including commercially viable herbs with the cultivation of foodcrops has the potential to manifold the returns. Some of the viable optionsavailable are Mint-sugarcane, Ashwagandha-sugarcane, Safed Musli- rabileguminous crops, pulse (lentil, chickpea and field pea) in Java citronella.

Introduction of the cropping sequence

Accommodation of Medicinal and Aromatic plant species in traditionalrotations has a good scope to improve the farm income as bonus crop. Rice-Wheat cropping system is dominant in all the three agro climatic-zones.Introduction of mediculture and agriculture in the state is thus, expected togenerate commensurate economic change in the state. Preliminaryexperiments reveal that cultivation of mint after the main rabi crops such as

wheat, potato, tori, gram etc. is profitable and the area under the cultivation isextending. Some other mint based rotations are:

1. Paddy-potato mint2. Paddy-mint3. paddy-mustard-mint4. Ocimum-potato-mint5. Maize-potato-mint6. Late paddy-pea-mint7. Arhar-mint8. Mint-methi and mint potato etc.

Target

Medicinal plant sector has witnessed a resurgence of interest during thepast decade. The green produce and various product obtained from it arelooked upon not only as a source of affordable health care, but also asimportant commodity items of national and international trade market.Productions, protection, quality, processing and marketing through valueaddition of harvested raw material are providing good avenues of selfemployment. The enormous opportunities of business get further diversified

by use of plant derived molecules and compounds in pharmaceutical,cosmeceuticals, nutraceutical and agro-chemical industries.

It is a very relevant and delivered that valuable species of medicinalplants are not only protected but also their scientific cultivation is taken up tomeet the demand of domestic pharmaceuticals and also that of exports. Thedemand necessitates commercial cultivation of medicinal plants for better,uniform and bulk produce. The development strategies include collection andpreservation by establishing herbal gardens, making available planting


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material of valuable and largely consumed plant species and promoting theircultivation through area expansion programme. As per rough estimates, thestate has an area of about 2600 ha of land put to commercial cultivation ofmedicinal plants.

The uncultivable and cultivable wasteland will be brought undercultivation through this ambitious programme. The state is promotingdemonstration seed production units in the rural area by giving assistance tofarmers. The state is also promoting farm level processing units for medicinal

and aromatic plants by giving assistance to the farmers, entrepreneurs, NGOs,KVKs, Cooperative societies.

There is need to:

(a) Collect and reuse plantations of different medicinal plant specieswhich are suitable to the agro-climatic conditions of the state.

(b) Propagation and multiplication of different medicinal andaromatic plants by seeds/ suckers/ grafting etc. for plantation/cultivation in the farmers field.

(c) Demonstrations of medicinal and plant species on farmers, Govt.farms to get the idea and confidence about their cultivation.

Training of farmers for the cultivation in tune with latest technology, postharvest management and primary processing of medicine.

3.2 Address of Implementation Agency :

State Level with Contact Address : Arvinder Singh.I.F.S.Mission Director

State Horticulture Mission(Bihar Hort. Dev. Society)Barack No. - 13Main Secretariat ComplexPatna - 800015Tele Fax. 0612-2215215Mob. 9431818923E-mail : [email protected]

3.3 Salient Aspect of the annual action Plan :-

For the implementation of the Horticulture Mission in state a registeredSociety ( Bihar Horticulture Development Society) has been formedunder Society Registration Act 21, 1860.

Board of Management consists of 13 members under the Chairmanshipof APC/ Secretary, Agriculture Dept.


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Director Horticulture, Bihar notified as Mission Director/Mission Sect.of State Horticulture Mission.

Mission H.Q. situated in main secretariat complex at Patna.

The state has 38 Districts.

23 Districts cover under National Horticulture Mission.

Rest 15 Districts are under Chief Minister Hort. Mission on same patternof NHM.

Implementation of the scheme in different cluster selected with referenceto their agro-climatic suitability for growing medicinal plants throughfarmers, Societies, NGOs, Growers, Association, Self-Help groups, StateInstitutions and other similar entities.

Strategies to be followed Though commercial cultivation option of the species of the Medicinal

Plants are picking up the state but still a lot of efforts are required to

observe the real impacts of their cultivation. Impetus in terms of

planning, funding, production, processing and strong market linkage

essential to harness the potentials of commercial production of medicinal

plants.

Formal bio-partnership between certified farmers and Ayurvedic

pharmaceutical companies need to be explored the arrangement shouldensure farmers with a guaranteed market and I fixed fair price for their

harvest, in exchange for exclusive rights to the produce as the sole buyer.

Other agencies like departments of forest, agriculture, health and family

welfare can come together to offer technical market related and other

input supply services to the various stake holders so that sector as a

whole can grow and dependence on outside source for primary health

care is minimized. Use of farmer interest groups for dissemination of

technology and market information can also be explored in the state.

Organizing the growers, encouraged cultivation through the organized

sector with linking the un organized farmers , and involved a pricing

mechanism with buy back arrangement with partner industries under

public private partnership (PPP)


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3. 4.1 Component wise particulars of fund released duringthe year 2008- 09

Sl. No. Component Fund released(Amt.inLakh )

1. Planting Material 40.002. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants 63.753. Mission Management 5.19

Total 108.943.4.1.1 In order to meet the future demand of Quality Planting Materials

, ten small nurseries are in establishment process. Identified locations ofthese Small Nurseries ( 1 ha.) are listed below :-

Sl.No.

Agro-climaticzone

Location /District

Crops No.

1.Zone- I

EastCamparan

Shatawa 01

2. Muzffarpur Sarpgandha , Anola 01

3. Samastipur Mixed nursery of medicinalplants

01

4. Zone- II Katihar Mixed nursery of medicinalplants

01

5. Zone- III(A&B)

Rohtas Cynomonum spp. 016. Kaimur Buch 017. Patna Ghritkumari 018. Secretariat

Nursery /H.Q.Mixed nursery of medicinalplants

01

9. Nawada Tulsi 01

10. Bhaglpur Kalmegh, Bael 01TOTAL 10

Fund released to District Mission Committee concerned for Nurseryestablishment.

3.4.1.2 Approved Action Plan for Cultivation of Medicinal Crops 2008- 09

Sl.No.

Crops PhysicalTarget

/Ha.

FinancialOutlay /Fundreleased(in lakh)

Remarks

1 Aloe vera / Ghritkumari 100 8.50 i.Farmers

identified.ii .Buy- Backproposal forStevia receivedfrom M/S ,Stanpackpharma,Mumbai.

2 Andrographicspaniculate/ Kalmegh

100 5.00

3 Ocimum sanctum /Tulsi

100 6.00

4 Emblica offcinalis/Amla

100 13.00

5 Stevia rebaudiana 50 31.25Total 450 63.75


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The Action Plan 2009-10 is based on the potential for development 0fmedicinal plants in Bihar. Thirty eight districts selected and grouped intwenty two clusters.

DETAIL ACTION PLAN 2009-10

This programmed is in addition to that has been sanctioned in 2008-09. It

is requested to the NMPB, for revalidation of unspent balance for the year2009-10.3.4.1.3 Proposed Clusters and selected Medicinal Crop Matrix

Sl. District/Cluster IdentifiedMedicinal Plants

1. W.Champaran, E.Champaran, Samastipur,Darbhanga, Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul,Madhubani, Rohtas, Bhojpur, Kaimur,Bhagalpur

Buch

2 Rohtas, Bhojpur, Buxor, Kaimur, Patna,

Nawada,Shekhpura, Aorangabad, Gaya,Jamui, Lakhisarai

Ghrit kumari

3 Siwan, Saran, Sitamarhi, Muzffarpur, Vaishali,Gopalganj, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur, Nawada,Aurangabad

Kalmegh

4 East & West Champaran, Saran, Muzffarpur,Vaishali, Samastipur, Begusrai

Shatawar

5 Bhojpur, Patna Brahmi6 Buxor, Gaya Punarnava

7 East Champaran, Muzffarpur, Vaishali,Samastipur, Begusarai

Shwet musli

8 Samastpur, Gopalganj, Begusarai, Khgaria,Bhojpur, Buxor, Patna,

Artemisia

Nawada9 Saran, Siwan, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur Amla

10 Rohtas, Buxor, Ga Gudmar

11 Samastipur, Begusarai, Khagria, Nawada,

Buxor

Tulsi

13 Purnea, Saharsa, Supol, Madhbani Pippli

14 Gopalganj, Patna, Nawada Stevia

15 Siwan, Saran, Nalanda, Nawada Ashwagandha

16 Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur, Nawada, Aurangabad,Monger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamui, Lakhisarai

Cynomonum spp.

17 Katihar, Saharsa, Rohtas, Buxor, Kaimur,Nalanda

Patherchur


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18 Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada, Gaya, Aurangabad,Munger, Bhagalpur, Banka, Jamuai, Lakhisarai

Bael

19 East & West Champaran, Siwan, Saran,Sitamarhi, Muzffarpur, Madhubani,Darbhanga, Samastipur, Gopalganj, Rohtas,Buxor, Aurangabad, Gaya, Banka, Jamuai

Sarpgandha

20 Nawada, Aurangabad, Gaya Chitrak

21 Siwan, Saran, Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada,

Shekhpura,Jehanabad, Aurangabad, Gaya,Jamuai, Banka

Kalihari

22 Rohtas, Kaimur, Nawada, Aurangabad, Gaya,Banka,Jamuai

Guggal

3.4.2 Establishment of Seed centre and Nurseries for supply of certifiedplanting material :

Cultivation of medicinal plants and eventual returns from suchcultivation is largely dependent upon the quality of the planting material used.Among the inputs for higher production and productivity of crops, seeds andquality planting materials account for 20 to 30% of the potential productivity.

A large number of diseases are spreading the nursery itself. Hence, healthy(disease free) planting material becomes a primary prerequisite and an essentialcomponent of establishment of new gardens in medicinal plants.In order to meet the demand of the quality planting materials for implementingthe programmes of establishment of new gardens, it is proposed to establish atotal of 20 including 2 model nurseries ( public ), 4 private model nurseries and6 public small nurseries, 12 private small nurseries.

Sl. No. /Particulars

Rate ofassistance(Rs.in lakh)

Units / nos. Amount (Rs.inlakh)

1 . Model Nursery ( 4 ha )Public 20.00 2 40.00Private 10.00 4 40.00

2 Small Nursery ( 1 ha )Public 4.00 6 24.00Private 2.00 12 24.00

TOTAL 24 128.00

Sites proposed for establishment of medicinal plant gardens with nurseries.To meet the requirement of quality planting material for cultivation,

Herbal garden with Nursery for Medicinal Plant will be established in Public

sector and Private sector as follows : -Public Sector

SlNo.

AgroClimatic

Name of Districts ModelNursery

SmallNursery

1 Zone I Saran,Vaishali, 01

01-


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2 Zone II PurneaSahrasaKhagaria

010101

3 Zone III(A&B)

BuxarGayaMonger 01

0101-

Total 02 06

Private Sector

Sl.No.

Agro-Climatic Zone Location /District

Model Nursery(4ha.)

SmallNursery

(1ha.)1 Zone I To be identified 01 042 Zone II -do- 01 043 Zone III (A&B) -do- 02 04

Total - do- 04 12

Specific Quality Planting Material will raised in each Model/ SmallNursery. A tentative list of plants listed below:

A(1)(2)

Model NurseriesDesri, VaishaliKharagpur, Munger

In situ and Ex-situ conservation/resource augmentation of Rare,Endangered/ Threatened (RET) andprioritized species in high demand.

ProposedList of Small Nurseries in Public Sector for 2009-10B(1)

(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)

Small NurseriesSaranPurneaSaharsaKhagariaBuxarGaya

Mixed Nursery of Medicinal PlantsPippliColeus speciesMixed Nursery of Medicinal PlantsAshwagandhaGudmar, Chitrak

* Medicinal Tree will be planted around the boundary of the nursery.Infrastructure available with state for planting material

There is Two herbal garden and nursery established in the agriculturaluniversity and other is in Patna, in order to meet the medicinal plantrequirement in the state, it is proposed to strengthen this facility to provide forthe growing importance of the section on modern scientific lines.


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It is good news for the farmers of Bihar that M/s Stanpack pharma, Navi

Mumbai-400710, put forward their contract Farming Proposal for Stevia

rebaudianaB andArtemisia annua Linn. Cultivation in the state. The industry

also facilitated buy back agreement for the purchase of raw material (dry

leaves) at the prefixed price Rs. 4000-5000/- Quintal of leaf, depends upon

Steviol content i.e. calorie free sweetener for Diabetic patients.

Artemisinin (a amorphane sesquiterpene) Compound are derived from a raw

substances extracted by the Artemisia annua plants, which used in malaria.

The Contract farming arrangement will play a great role in supply of quality

planting material inputs and provision of technical support services along with

better market access for their produce.

3.4.2 CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

(Species-wise proposed area and Financial Outlays)

Buch (Acorus calamus)

Common name -Sweet flag

Parts used- Rhizome. A small aquatic or marshy herb, with tuberous fleshy,creeping, aromatic cylinctrical rhizome leaves linear strap shaped, thiclcened on vain.

Bitter / pungent intaste.

Used in Dyspepsia, Colic, Remittent fever, Caused depression in blood pressure

epilepsy bronchilis and Respiration, Cough, Throat disorder, Chronic diarrhoea,

flatulence and Calculi. It is nerve tonic and have demand in market.

It is proposed to cultivate in 200 ha. in 2009-10.

Aloe vera

Aloe vera:

Aloe vera is known as the Medicinal Aloe are widely usedin cosmetics

and alternative medicine industries, being marketedas variously having

rejuvenating, healing and soothing properties. The extracts of the plant may

be useful in the treatment of diabetes and elevated blood lipids in human. Its

cultivation will be profitable for farmers of the state.

It is proposed to establish neu area of Ghrit Kumari is in area of 400 ha.

during 2009-10.

Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)

An annual herb grows up to 50 cm in height, having slender

quadrangular branches, leaves opposite, lanceolate, sub sessile, flowers smallbluish white, numerous, whitish, fruits minute pointed capsules, seeds are

many.

The plant pacifies tridoshas, skin diseases, burning sensation, cough

and bronchitis. Plant stimulates liver and purifies vitiated blood. Whole plant

is used for medicinal purpose.

An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Kalmegh

(Andrographis paniculata) during the year 2009-10.


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Shatavar (Asparagus racemosus)

Asparagus is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to 100-150 cm tall,

with stout larissa stems with much-branched feathery foliage. The leaves are

in fact needle-like cladodes (modified stems) in the axils of scale leaves; they

are 6-32 mm long and 1 mm broad, and clustered 4-15 together. The flowersare bell-shaped, greenish-white to yellowish, 4.5-6.5 mm long, with six sepals

partially fused together at the base; they are produced singly or in clusters of

2-3 in the junctions of the branch lets. It is usually dioeciously, with male and

female flowers on separate plants, but sometimes hermaphrodite flowers are

found. The fruit is a small red berry 6-10 mm diameter. Green asparagus is

eaten worldwide, commonly with eggs in China and with beef in Britain. It is

not considered a delicacy as it is very cheap and easy to obtain. This does not

hold for white asparagus, see below. These are considered a popular but

expensive May-June seasonal delicacy in northwest Europe, locally

nicknamed white gold.

Plants native to the western coasts of Europe (from northern Spain

north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany) are treated as

Asparagus officinalis subsp. prostrates (Dumort.) Corb; distinguished by its

low-growing, often prostrate stems growing to only 30-70 cm high, and

shorter cladodes 2-18 mm long.

Asparagus rhizomes and root is used ethnomedically to treat urinarytract infections, as well as kidney and bladder stones.

Asparagus is also believed to have aphrodisiac properties (this belief is

at least partially due to the phallic shape of the shoots).

An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Shatavar

(Asparagus racemous) during the year 2009-10.

Brahmi(Bacopa monnieri)

Bacopa monnieri is a perennial, creeping herb whose habitat includes

wetlands and muddy shores. Common names include Coastal Waterhyssop

and brahmi. But brahmi is also the Ayurvedic name given to Centella asiatica

and other herbs, and while B. monnieri is often simply called water hyssop

or waterhyssop, this actually can refer to any species of Bacopa. This plant

is also sometimes called thyme-leafed gratiola.


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This plant has a number of uses in Ayuurveda. It is traditional

treatment for epilepsy and asthma. Laboratory studies on rats indicate that

extracts of the plant improve memory capacity and motor learning ability.

Studies in humans show that an extract of the plant has antianxiety effects. It

is listed as a nootropic, a drug that enhances cognitive ability. In India, this

plant has also been used traditionally to consecrate newborn babies in the

belief that it will open the gateway of intelligence. Recent studies suggest

bacopa may improve intellectual activity. It has antioxidant properties,reducing oxidation of fats in the bloodstream.

It is proposed to establish new area of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) is in an

area of 50 ha during the year of 2009-10.

Shwet musli (Chlorophytam borivillianum)Parts used :-Fleshy Roots and Tubers

Habit :- A small herb becomes cons picuous after rainy season;

when it flowers Leaves are flat ribbonshaped and 15 inch long.

Taste :-Tasteless.Chemical Constituents :Roots Contain : Steroids, Resin, Phenolics,

Tannins, Carbohydrates, Calcium, Magnessium and Potassium.

Actions :-Cooling, Diuretic, Aphrodisiac, Tonic

Used in :- Diarrhoea, Leucorrhoea, Dysentery, Gonorrhoea, Seminal

debility and General debility.

It is proposed to establish new area ofShwet musliis in an area of

100 ha during the year of 2009-10.

Artemisia (Artemisia annua Linn)

Wide spectrum uses of artemisinin will ensure(s) that it will remain a

hot commodity to the drug manufacturers for next 20-30 years. Besides, A

annua will remain the principal resource of artemisinin for at least 10-20

years. Short supply of artemisinin in the international market had delayed

implementation of RBM and MDG programmes. In the mean time to check

the short supply of artemisinin the only available option is to increase the

production of artemisinin by superiorA. annuacultivation.

TheArtemisia annuaplants grow as a weed in Central Asia and Europe.Until recently artemisinin used to be produced by extraction of herbage

harvested from the wild populations of A. annua growing in China and

Vietnam. The rapidly increasing demand for artemisinin can only be met by

cultivation of domesticated and improved varieties of A. annua. The most

important characters which determine the yield of artemisinin in A. annua

crop are the mass of the artemisinin bearing organs (leaves) and the average

content of artemisinin in these organs.


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The Artemisia crop fits very well in Indian farmers crop rotations.

It is proposed to establish new area ofArtemisia is in an area of

100 ha during the year of 2009-10.

Amla (Emblica officinalis)

The Indian gooseberry (Phyllanthus emblica, syn. Emblica officinalis) is adeciduous tree of the Euphorbiacea family. It is known for its edible fruit of

the same name. Common names of this tree include amalaka in Sanskrit, amla

in Hindi, amlaki in Bengali, and Amala in Nepal Bhasa. Other names for

Indian gooseberry include nelli in Sinhala, nellikka in Malayalam, amlakhi in

Assamese, usirikai in Telugu, and nellikkaai in Tamil, and Kannada as well as

aonla, aola, ammalaki, dharty, aamvala, aawallaa, emblic, Emblic myrobalan, Malacca

tree, nillika, and nellikyain various other languages.

All parts of the plant are used in various Ayurvedic herbalpreparations, including the fruit, seed, leaves, root, bark and flowers.

According to Ayurveda, amla fruit is sour (amla) and astringent (kashaya) in

taste (rasa), with sweet (madhura), bitter (tikta) and pungent (katu) secondary

tastes (annurasas) Its qualities (gunas) are light (laghu) and dry (ruksha), the

post-digestive effect (vipaka) is sweet (madhura), and its energy (virya) is

cooling (shita). According to Ayurveda, amla is specific to pitta due to its

sweet taste and cooling energy. However, amla is thought to blanace vata by

virtue of its sour taste, and kapha due to its astringent taste and drying action.

It may be used as a rasayana (rejuvenative) to promote longevity, and

traditionally to enhance digestion (dipanapachana), treat constipation

(anuloma), reduce fever (jvaraghna), purify the blood (raktaprasadana),

reduce cough (kasahara), alleviate asthma (swasahara), strengthen the heart

(hridaya), benefit of the eyes (chakshushya), stimulate hair growth

(romasanjana), enliven the body (jivaniya), and enhance intellect (medhya). In

Ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, Indian gooseberry is a common

constituent, and most notably is the primary ingredient in an ancient herbal

rasayana called Chyawanprash. This formula, which contains 43 herbal

ingredients as well as clarified butter, sesame oil, sugar cane juice, and honey,

was first mentioned in the Charaka Samhita as a premier rasayana or

rejuvenative compound.

It is proposed to establish new plantation of Amla in area of 400 ha

during the year of 2009-10.


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Gudmar (Gymnema sylvestris)

Parts used :-Whole Plant.

Description :- A large woody much branched extensive climber,

pubescent; Leaves opposite, flowers small yellowish.

Taste :-Bitter.

ChemicalConstitutents :-Leaves Contains : Gymnemic acid, Quercitol,

Anthraquinon, Saponin, Calcium oxalate.

Actions :-Astringent, Diuretic, Liver tonic, Cardiotonic and Uterintonic.

Used in :-Diabetes, Cough, Asthma, Amenorrhoea, Increases insulin in

blood and oxidized glucose.

It is proposed to establish new plantation of Gudmar in area of 50 ha during

the year of 2009-10.

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum)

An erect much branched undershrub, grows up to 1 m in height. Leavesare pale greenish in color, simple, opposite, elliptic, oblong, obtuse or acute,serreate, entire, pubescent on both sides. Petiole is slender and hairy. Flowersare purplish in elongate racemes. Fruits are nutlets, smooth, not mucilaginouswhen wet.

The plant pacifies vitiated tridoshas, cough, asthma, bronchitis, fever,toxins, vomiting, lumbago, gastric distension, genitor-urinary diseases,ringworm, and skin diseases. The whole plant is medicinal. Essential oilderived from vagitative parts of the O. sanctum is costly. Very good scope forcultivation.

An area of 900 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Tulsi (Ocimumsanctum) during the year 2009-10.

Pippli (Piper longum)

Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, good for constipation, for gonorrhea,

paralysis of the tongue, advised in diarrhea, cholera, scarlatina, Chronic

Malaria, Viral hepatitis. Piper Longum is most commonly used to treat

respiratory infectsion such as stomachache, bronchitis, diseases of the spleen,

cough, tumors, and asthma. When applied topically, it soothes and relieves

muscular pains and inflammation. In Ayurvedic Medicine, it is said to be agood rejuvenator. Piper Longum helps stimulate the appetite and it dispels

gas from the intestines. An infusion of Piper Longum root is used after birth to

induce the expulsion of the placenta. It is used as sedative in insomnia and

epilepsy. Also as cholagogue in obstruction of bile duct and gall bladder.

An area of 50 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Pippli (Piper

longum) during the year 2009-10.


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Madhukari (Stevia rebaudiana)

Sterioside/steriol derived from dry leaf of slevia. It is completely

natural product contains absolutely no calories. The leaves can be used in

their natural form. Due to enormous sweetening only small quantity need to

be use to Diabitic patient. Stable when heated 2000 C. Non fermentive and

flavor enhancing properties is ideal for sweetner. Farmers can get better profit

incomprasion to other traditional crops.A buyback proposal for stevia dry leaves received from M/s Stenpack

Pharma Mumbai.

An area of 200 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation ofMadhukari (Stevia

rebaudiana)during the year 2009-10.

Ashwagandha (Withenia somnifera)

Parts used :-Roots, Leaves, Fruits, Seeds & Whole Plant.

Description :-A small hairy under shrub, about 3-4 feet high branches

are zigzag and clothed withstellate hairs stout, root flashy. Leaves simple

cuneate, narrow at base and clothed with stellat hairs. Flowers in

clusters, yellowish green, in axils. Fruits are berry enclosed with

persistant calyx.

Taste :-Bitter acrid.

Chemical constitutents :- Root Contains :- Alkaloids (Somniferon)

Withaminon, Wasamin, Sugars, Glycosides, Amino acids, Essentialoil,

Withaniol, Hentriacontane Phytosterol & Oils; Leaves Contain :-

Withanoloids Alkaloids, Glycosides, Glucose, Amino acids, StemContains : Proteins Fibres, Amino acids, Tannins, Flavonoids, Calcium

and Iron.

Actions :- Alternative, Aphrodisiac, Rejuvenator, Diuretic, Narcotic,

Antipurgative, Tonic. Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antifungal,

Antibacterial, alexipharmic, somniferous.

Used in :-Roots-fever, painful swellings, Ulcer, Carbuncles, Neurological

disorder, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular System, Gastric activity,

Leucoderma Tuberculosis, Ricketsia, insomnia.

An area of 200 ha. is proposed to bring under the cultivation ofPippli (Piper longum) during the year 2009-10.

Cinnamon/Dalchini/Tejpat (Cinnamomum spp.)

A small to medium sized evergreen tree grows up to 20 meters in

height. Leaves simple, opposite, ovate-elliptic, acuminate and shiny with

prominent veins. Flowers axillary in sub-terminal cymes, fruits ovoid berries,

dark purple when ripe, containing single seed.


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The plant pacifies vitiated vata, kapha, pain arthritis, cough, asthma,

headache, dental caries, cardiac disorders, diarrhea, vomiting nausea,

flatulence, fever and discoloration on face. The useful parts are its bark and

oil.

An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation

Cinnamon/Dalchini/ Tejpat (Cinnamomum spp.) during the year 2009-10.

Coleus Species (Patharchuretc.)

Parts used :-Roots and Tender twigs.

Description :- A small perennial, hairy herb, about 1-3 feet high withthick and fleshy leaves aromatic flowers light purple.

Taste :-Bitter.

Chemical Constituents :- Leaves Contains : Diterpene, Methylene-quinone, Couleon, Cyclobuta tucin, Roots Contain : Naphtho pyrone(Rocetin) and Dialdehyde, Avolatile oile carvacrol is also found.

Actions :-Stomachic Digestive, Carminative, Diurtic, Spasmolytic, Anticalculii.

Used in :- Cardiovascular ailment, Heart troubles, lowering floodpressure, Lymphcaytic leukemia; Extract of aerial parts: is spasmolytic,Extract of Roots: Hypotensive. Leaves : useful in polyuria, Thirst,flatulence, colic, Asthma, chronic cough, Epilepsy & urinary troubles.

An area of 200 has is proposed to bring under the cultivation of Coleus spp.during the year 2009-10.

Bael tree (Aeagle marmelos)

Medium sized thorny deciduous tree grows up to 10 meters in height.

Leaves trifoliate, aromatic, and alternate. Leaflets are ovate-lanceolate. Lateral

leaflets are sub sessile and terminal long petioled. Flowers are greenish shite,

found in axillary panicles. Fruits are globose woody berry with yellow pupl.

Seeds are numerous, oblong and embedded in pulp.

The Plant pacifies vitiated kapha, vata, body paid, poison, diarrhea,

dysentery, vomiting and intermittent fever. Pulp of unripe fruit is

constipating whereas that of ripened fruit is laxative. Leaves cure diabetes,

cough, inflammation and asthma. Useful parts are leaves, root and fruits.

An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Bael tree (Aegle

marmelos) during the year 2009-10.


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Sarpgandha (Rauwolfia serpentina)

Rauwolfia serpentine or snakeroot is a species of flowring plant in the

family Apocynaceae. The extract of the plant has also been used for millennia

in India it was reported that Mahatma Gandhi took it as a tranquilizer

during his lifetime.

The wood, commonly known as serpentwood, is mildly popular

amongst woodcarving and woodturning hobbyists.

This plant is used medicinally both in the Modern Western Medical

system and also in Ayurveda. Unani and folk medicine. It helps to reduce

blood pressure, depresses activity of central nervous system and acts as a

hypnotic. Snakeroot depletes catecholamine and serotonin from nerves in

central nervous system. Refined snakeroot has been used extensively in recent

years to treat hypertension. It is used as an antidote to the bites of poisonous

reptile like snakes. It is also used to treat dysentery and other painful

affections of the intestinal canal.

An area of 200 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Sarpgandha

(Rauwolfia serpentina) during the year 2009-10.

Chitrak (Plumbago zeylenica)

Parts used :-Roots, Root bark and Leaves.

Description :- A subscandent, perennial shrub 3-6 feet high, flowerswhite with glandular haris on calyxtube.

Taste :-Acrid-Bitter.

Chemical Constituents :-Plant Contains : Volatile oil, Chitranone, Alphaand Beta-Amyrin, Lupeol, Taraxasterol, Fructose, Glucose, Invertase,Protease, Chloroplumbagin, Droserone, Elliptinone, Zeylanone,Zeylinone, Meritone, Catechol, Tannin, Amino acid, Plumbagic acid,Roots Contain :- An acrid alkadoid Plumbagin.

Actions :- Antibacterial, Antifungal, Digestive, Stomachic, Diphoretic,Antileprotic, Rejuvenator.

Used in :- Indigestion, Flatulance, Fever, Leprosy, Anaemia, Piles,Diarrhoea, Dyspesia, Dermatitis, Cardiac Stimulant, Uterotonic,Appitizer, Hepato protective, Anticancer, Pruritus, Worms infestation.

An area of 50 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Chitrak

during the year 2009-10.


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Kalihari(Glorisa superba)

Parts used :- Rhizome and Root.Description :- A large annual glabrous herbaceous climber, Root stocktuberous, cylindrical bifurcated leaves tip ending in a tendril like spiral,Flowers beautiful perianth segment with wavy margin yellow tocrimson.

Taste :- Bitter, Acrid, pungent, Astringent.

Chemical Constituents :- Rhizome Tubers Contain : Alkaloid Colchicine;

Superbine, Gloriosine; Sitosterol, Glucosides, Benjoic acid and Resins.

Actions :- Purgative, Cholagogue, Anthelmintic, Stomachic, Bitter Tonic,

Antibiotic Abortifaciant, Febrifuge, Anti-inflammatory antileprotic.

Used in: - Tuber is: Anthelmintic Abortifacient: Paste of Tuber is

antidotal in snake bite, Root powder in : Fever, Rheymatism,

Spleenomegaly, Tumours, Gonorrhoea, Erysiplalas, Sores, Siphilis;

Extrract of whole plant is spasmolytic, useful in : Leprosy, Piles Ulcers,

Colic & Swellings dermatitis.

An area of 50 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Kalihari during the

year 2009-10.

Guggal (Commiphora wighti)Parts used :-Gum Resin

Description :- A small tree with spinescent branches. Leaves trifoliate,

crenate glaborous; Fruits are fleshy & globular.

Taste :-BitterChemical Constituents :- Gum-Resin Contain : Sesamin, Steroids,

Essentialoil; Guggul Sterol, Guguls steron, Myrcene, Dimercene,

Polymercene and sugars, Flowers contain : Myrcaylcohol, Beta-sito sterol,

Aminoacids, sugars, alpha-camphorene, Cembrene, Allyslembrol,

Flavonoids and Ellagicacid. Seed oil : Linoleic acid, Oleic acid, Palmitic

acid, stearic acid.

Actions : Astringent, Expectorant, Aphrodisiac, Carminattive, Anti

spasmodic Anti bacterial, Blood purifier, anthelminitc, anti-

inflammatory, anodyne, diaphoretic.Used in :-Emmenagogue, Arthritis, Leprosy, Impotency, Liver disorders,

Hemiplagia, Thyroid to enriched protein in blood Sterlity. Sciatica,

neuralgia, scrophula reduces cholesterol and obesity.

An area of 100 ha is proposed to bring under the cultivation Guggal during

the year 2009-10.


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3.4.3 POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT

In many South Asian countries, medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs)

are playing an increasingly important role in the subsistence economy of rural

people. The production, post harvest handling and marketing of MAPs have

the potential to significantly contribute to the cash income of the rural poor,

especially women. It is estimated that as high as 30% of the raw material

reaching the manufacturers is of poor quality and is, therefore, rejected.

Cultivation of medicinal plants, therefore, needs to be transportation. These

facilities are essential for increasing the marketability of the medicinal plants,

adding value to the produce, increasing profitability and reducing losses.

Many opportunities exist to improve rural livelihoods by helping small-scale

farmers organize to profitably produce MAPs on marginal lands in an

environmentally farmers organize to profitably produce MAPs on marginal

lands in an environmentally sustainable manner while maintaining the

biodiversity of these natural products. Also, MAP-based micro-enterprises can

provide new employment opportunities for the rural poor.Drying Yards :- Drying yards are necessary to accomplish the primary task

of drying the products in hygienic conditions. In addition, cleaning and

grading infrastructure is an essential activity to be linked to drying to increase

the shelf life and the market price of the herbs. Since herbs have to be dried in

shades, drying yards with shade net provision or facilities for low

temperature drying will have to created.

It is proposed to provide assistance for 22 drying yards in Public( SHGs / Co-

operative ) sector.

Sl.

No.

Particulars Rate of

assistance

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Units

(No.)

mount

(Rs. in Lakh)

1. Drying

Yards

Public/SHGs

Co-operatives

etc.

5.00 22 110.00

Private 2.50 - -

2. Total :- 22 110.00

Storage godowns:- The storage godown is expected to receive produce

from nearby drying yards. The storage godowns act as a link between drying

yards and processing units. Storage godowns and drying yards have to be

adequately ventilated and set up at strategic locations. The storage godowns

and drying yards have to be located in such a manner that they are not very

far from the farm lands and caters to the identified clusters of cultivation.

It is proposed to provide assistance for 10 storage godowns in public sector.


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Processing and Value Addition

Processing unit:- Processing unit based on the medicinal plants grown in the

clusters would have to be setup, some of which will be plant specific. The

processing unit would preferably be set up with in the existing industrial

estates, which have the necessary infrastructure of power, road network and

linkages with rail/sea port. The Ayurvedic tradition is so well established in

Bihar that we have many Ayurvedic industries manufacturing ayurvedic

drugs. These units have to be supported step by step under GoodManufacturing Practices.

It is proposed to provide one processing units in Private sector.

Quality testing Lab :-For this component there is proposal for 2 Units and Rs

.60 Lakhs are earmarked.

Support for Quality Testing :- The quality testing of herbs/ medicinal plants

produced by the growers is key to realization of remunerative prices. For this

L.S. Rs.5 Lakh proposed.

Market Promotion :- The programme for market promotion like mediapromotion, participation in exhibitions, trade fairs, hiring display facilities,

melas etc project based but limited to 10 lakhs. Each cluster will be eligible for

50% assistance under market promotion for the herbs/raw material produced

by the cluster.

It is proposed to conduct 10 mela/trade fair/exhibitions Rs. 50 lakhs @ 5 lakhs per

mela.

Sl.

No.

Particulars Rate of

assistance

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Units

(No.)

mount

(Rs. in Lakh)

1. DryingYards

Public/SHGsCo-operatives

etc.

5.00 10 50.00

Private - - -

2. Total :- 10 50.00

Sl.

No.

Particulars Rate of

assistance

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Units

(No.)

Amount

(Rs. in Lakh)

1. Public - - -

Private 50.00 01 50.00

Total :- 01 50.00


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Market Intelligence:- This includes collection, compilation and disseminationof market intelligence to growers. We would like to establish the most modernelectronic market intelligence system for which we intend to start a profilefor each mandi of the state. The profile should include the general informationregarding the administration, rail and road accessibility, location, quantityand type of commodities relating to medicinal plants handled, marketfunctionaries, transactional methods like system of sale & payment, degree oftransparency etc. Financial position of the mandi with respect to the annualincome & expenditure will also be specified. A detailed location map ofAyurvedic hospitals, traders, manufacturers, cultivators shall also be

included.

It is proposed to set apart an amount of Rs. 10 lakhs for this component.

Market Infrastructure: - Under this component herbal mandies will be set up

at rural area as rural mandi.

Considering these needs, it is proposed to provide 2 rural mandies .

Buy back interventions:- The buy back interventions in the form of buyer-

seller meetings, flexible and innovative marketing arrangements, creation of

revolving fund at Cluster level for marketing of medicinal plants, and

mobilization assistance to SHGs, cooperatives, producer companies could be

provided under this component of the scheme.

Considering these needs it is to provide Rs. 25.00 lacs only.

Sl.No.

Particulars Rate ofassistance

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Units(No.)

Amount(Rs. in Lakh)

1. Melas/ Trade fair/Exhibitions

5.00 10 50.00

Total :-

Sl.No.


(Rs. in Lakhs)

Amount(Rs. in Lakh)

1. Market Intelligence Project based 10.00Total :- 10.00

Sl.

No.

Particulars Rate of

assistance

(Rs. in Lakhs)

Units

(No.)

Amount

(Rs. in Lakh)

1. Rural mandies 10.00 2 20

2. State/ District level mandies - - -

Total :- 2 20


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Organic/GAP certification :- Organic and GAP certification are the key toensuring quality of the medicinal plants/ herbs and can secure benefits tofarmers through better prices for their produce and to consumer by way of

better quality of herbal/AYUSH products. The certification charges willpreferably be done on a group basis to the limit of Rs. 5 lakhs for 50 ha ofcultivation in groups/clusters.

It is proposed to implement this component in an area of 100 ha. Certifying Agencyneed to identified.

Crop Insurance:- Medicinal plants are a new activity under farming andtherefore, farmers need to be covered with crop insurance. This Componentseeks to provide assistance towards payment of 50% of the premium forparticular crop. The premium and the details of the scheme will be finalized inconsultation with Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd.It is proposed to earmark and amount of L.S. Rs. 5 lakhs for this component. Aproposal willbe sent to Agricultural Insurance Co.

Management Support

The State Horticulture Mission / Bihar Horticlture Development Socity,GoB is the chief implementing agency with the Mission Director at the Stateheadquarters having technical staff at the District, Block to execute andmonitor the programmes.

Under Management Support the following allocation of fund isproposed for various activities for the year 2009-10.

For this component, State and District level organizations implementingthe programme including additional man power as well as expense for projectpreparation and other administrative expenses including hiring of transport,T.E, office expenses, hardware/software etc. is required for which andamount of Rs. 70.406 lakhs is earmarked.

Sl.No.


(Rs. in Lakhs)

Units(No.)

Amount(Rs. in Lakh)

1. Organic / GAP certification 5.00 2 10Total :- 2 10

Sl.No.


(Rs. in Lakhs)

Units(No.)

Amount(Rs. in Lakh)

1. Crop Insurance


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Components (with physical targets and financial out lays) 2009-10 / Bihar

Sl.No.

Component Estimated Cost PhysicalTarget

(No./Ha. )

FinancialOutlay

(in lakh)

3.4.1 Nursery(a) Public sector

1.Model nursery (4ha.) 2000000.00 2 40.002. Small nursery (1ha.) 400000.00 06 24.00(b) Private sector

1. Model nursery (4ha.) 2000000.00 4 40.002. Small nursery (ha.) 400000.00 12 24.00

TOTAL 128.00

3.4.2 Cultivation (Species wiseproposed area & financialoutlays for different clusters).Plant eligible for 20%

1.Acorus calamus/Buch 65000/ha 200 26.002.Aloe vera/Ghrit kumari 42500/ha 400 34.003.Andrographispaniculata/Kalmegh

25000/ha 200 10.00

4.Asparagusrecimosus/Shatawar

62500/ha 200 25.00

6.Bacopa monnieri /Centellaasiatica (Brahmi)

40000/ha 50 4..00

7.Chlorophytamborivillianum/Shwet musli

L.S. / Cost ofcultivation notdecided

100 62.50

8.Artemisia anua Linn. L.S. 100 12.509.Embelica officinalis/Amla 65000/ha 400 52.0010.Gymnema sylvestris/Gudmar 25000/ha 50 2.5011.Ocimum sanctum 30000/ha 900 54.0012.Piper longum 62500/ha 50 6.2513.Stevia rebaudiana/Madhukari

312500/ha 200 125.00

14.Witheniasomnifera/Ashwagandha

25000/ha 200 10.00

15.Cynomonum species

(Tejpat / Dalchini.)

77500/ha 200 31.00

16.Coleus species (Patharchuretc.)

43000/ha 200 17.20

SUB TOTAL 3450 471.95

Plant eligible for 50%subsidy1.Aegle marmelos/Bael 40000/ha 200 40.002.Rauwolfia 62500/ha 200 62.50


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serpentine/Sarpgandha3.Plumbago zeylenica L.S. 50 31.25

4.Glorisa superba/ Kalihari 137500/ha 50 34.375SUB TOTAL 500 168.125

Plant eligible for 75%subsidy1.Commiphora wighti/Guggal 160000/ha 100 120.00

SU TOTAL 120.00

Total of Cultivation 4050 760.075POST HARVESTMANAGEMENT

3.4.3 (a) Storage/warehousing 5.00 lakh 10 50.00(b)Drying/grading sheds 5.00 lakh 22 110.00

TOTAL 160.00PROCESS &VALUEADDITION

(c)Processing units 200.00 lakh 01 50.00(d)Quality testing lab. 100.00 lakh 02 60.00(e)Support for quality testing 50% of testing

chargesmax.Rs.5000/-

L.S. 5.00

(f)Primary Distillation unit 5.00 lakh 100 125.00TOTAL 240.00

3.4.4 Marketing(a)Market promotion 10.00 lakh 10 50.00(b)Market intelligence P.B. 10.00(c)Market infrastructure Rural Mandi-10

lakh DistrictMandi-200.00

lakh

P.B-02.-00

20.00-

(d)By-back interventionsincluding mobilization ofSHGs/Cooperatives

P.B 25.00

TOTAL 105.003.4.5 Certification and insurance

(a) Organic/GAPcertification

5 lakh for 50 ha. 02 10.00

(b) Crop insurance 50% of premium L.S. 5.00TOTAL 15.00

SUB TOTAL 1408.123.5 MANAGEMENT SUPPORT

Additional Manpower in HQfor the implementation of theprogramme 2008-09 & 09-10for 11 months (June 09-March 10)

Amount in Lakh

Project Management 4.40


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Consultant (02) @ 20000 Permonth fixedData Entry Operator (02) @8000 per month

1.32

Assistant/ Cashier/Accountant (03) @ 10000 permonth

3.30

Medicinal Field Consultant(20) @ 8000 per month

8.80

Vehicle Hire Basis / POLetc.

Photo copy operator(1)@5000/-Month

0.55

TOTAL 18.37 Within5% of

Management

SupportI) State and District level

organizationsimplementing theprogramme includingadditional manpower

5% of the annual

expenditure on thebasis of appraisedneed.

70.406

II) Project preparation costand other administrativecost including hiring oftransport E, officeexpenses hard ware/ software etc.

III) Other expenses includingexposure visits with inthe country and abroad

P.B.

GRAND TOTAL 1478.526or

1478.53

Rs. Fourteen crore, Seventy eight lakh, fifty three thousand only.


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