biggest hydro power station

8/2/2019 Biggest Hydro Power Station

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Biggest power plant on the Earth

ITAIPU- Largest power plant on the Earth-

12600 MW of Hydro power


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Transmission system


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Total view of the ITAIPU power plantLeft part shows overflow (spillway), the power station is located in the middle.

At the bottom of the 196 m tall dam, the white tubes are containing the inlets for the

18 turbines (715 MW each).


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On top of the 7.6 km dam, a 12 800 000 m of concrete was used for the project

ITAIPU.


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The lake created by ITAPU dam. Its area reaches 1 350 km2, its length 170 km and

its average width 7 km.


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One 715 MW electrical generator

The diameter of the rotor is almost 16 m, the rotating mass is 2650 T


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Inside the ITAIPU PowerhouseDimensions: length: 986 m, maximum height: 112 m and width: 99m.

The red line on the floor indicates the border of Brazil and Paraguay.


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The control center of the 18 generatorsLeft half of it (in Brazil) controls the 60 Hz units,Right half (in Paraguay) controls the 50 Hz units.


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A 18 kV to 525 kV transformerTo increase the voltage of the generators, transformers with a capacity of 825 MVA

and 768 MVA (for 50 and 60 Hz respectively) were specified.


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Power switches for high voltages

Power switches at the "Left Bank Substation" (FURNAS).


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The AC-DC rectifierThe FURNAS rectifier substation is accomplished by four lines of of 500 kV.

Output DC voltages are symmetrical 500 000 Volt SC.


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Electricity (AC) leaving ITAPU to Sao Paulo6 300 MW of electrical power generated by the 60 Hz units is transported by an 891

km AC transmission system, formed by three lines of 750 kV.


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"Peanuts"- a word often used from so called "economic experts" andrepresentatives when it comes to Renewable Energies.

"Not sufficient", "unreliable", "not feasible", are common bias.

ITAIPU shows they are wrong! Having more power than 10 nuclear power stations it suppliesthe second largest city on the planet with zero-emission electricity since 1984, still beingextended until 1991. 26% of the electrical power consumption of Brazil and 78% of Paraguayare supplied by ITAIPU.

Located at the Brazilian-Paraguaian border and not far from the Argentinian border, the firststep of the initiation was already in 1966 when the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil and

Paraguay signed a joint statement known as the "Act of Ygazu". By this a study and evaluationof the hydraulic resources of the Parana river (owned jointly by Brazil and Paraguay) followed.

On April, 26, 1973, the two governments of the states signed a treaty "for the development ofthe hydroelectric resources of the Parana River" and founded "ITAIPU Binacional" (cooperationwith the legal, administrative and financial capacities and technical responsibility to plan, set up

and operate the plant) in May, 17, 1974.

The construction work started in 1975, reaching its peak in 1978 with 30 000 people at work.Monthly on-site concrete production reached 338 000 m. In total, 15 times the mass ofconcrete used for the "Eurotunnel" was supplied. The height of the dam reaches 196 m, its

length 7.76 km. The lake created by this is 170 km long and contains 29 billion tons of water.


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TECHNICAL DATA


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Powerhouse (18 units including erection bays) - (m)Length 968Width 99Height 112Roof level

148

Generator hall floor level 108Spacing between units 34

01 - El 40 - Foundation of the dam02 - El 92,4 - Access to turbine pit03 - El 98,5 - Unit auxiliary service - Pure water system04 - El 98,5 - Excitation system, access to generator housing and

speed governo05 - El 108 - Step-up transformers06 - El 108 - Generator hall floor and local control rooms07 - El 122 - Ventilation system08 - El 127,6 - Cable gallery09 - El 128,2 - GIS - SF610 - El 133,2 - Principal panels of AC auxiliary service and diesel

generator hall11 - El 144 - Dam auxiliary service12 - El 214 - Gate hydraulic pump group


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Rolling track of gantry craneRolling track (m)Span 10,00Total length 857,6Rail-top elevation 225PenstocksQuantity 18Weight each penstock (t) 883Internal diameter (m) 10,5Developed length (m) 142,2Rated flow (m / s) 690Water Intake Trash racksQuantity 18Rack panels per intake 24 (m) 4,7 x 5,5Trash rack Cleaning MachineQuantity 2Jib crane capacity (kN) 200Vertical lift of rake (m) 61,5Rake capacity (m / kN)


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Service Gates (Fixed wheel type)Quantity 18Span (m) 8,2Total height (m) 19,3Sill beam elevation (m) 177,6Maximum flow through gate (m/s) 750Stop-logsSill beam elevation (m) 177,2Span (m) 7,5Height (m) 17,5Quantity 7Gantry cranesQuantity 2Capacity (kN) 1.100/400Max. hoisting speed 50/60 Hz(m/min.) 4,6/5,5Min. hoisting speed 50/60 Hz(m/min.) 1,7/2,0Rated travel speed 50/60 Hz(m/min.) 25/30


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GeneratorQuantity 18Frequency 60 Hz (9 un.) / 50 Hz (9 un.)Rated power 50 / 60 Hz (MVA) 823,6 / 737,0Rated voltage (kV) 18Number of poles 50 / 60 Hz 66 / 78Moment of inertia - GD2 (t.m) 320.000Power factor 50 / 60 Hz 0,85 / 0,95Heaviest component - rotor (t) 1.760Weight of each unit 50 / 60 Hz (t) 3.343 / 3.242


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Turbine

Quantity

18

Type Francis

Rated power (MW) 715

Design speed - 50 / 60 Hz (rpm) 90,9 /92,3

Net design head (m) 118,4

Rated flow (m/s) 645

Heaviest component - rotor (t) 296

Weight of each unit (t) 3.360


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Bank of Single-Phase Transformers50 Hz 9 + 2 Reserve Units60 Hz 9 + 2 Reserve Units

Rated Power of Each Bank50 / 60 Hz (MVA) 825/768

Impulse Level (Phase/Neutral)High Voltage (kV) 1.550/110Low Voltage (kV) 125Type of connection - Y

Weight of each transformer (kg)217 x 103 (50 Hz)189 x 103 (60 Hz)Cooling forced oil and water


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SF6 Gas Insulated SubstationMaximum Rated Voltage (kV) 550Rated Current (A) 4.000Rated Break Current (kA) 63Quantity of Circuit Breakers 52Length of Enclosed Busbars Isolated by SF6 Gas (m) 7.500SF6 Pressure in the Circuit Breakers (kPa) 620Quantity of Isolation Switches 124Quantity of Current Transformers 396Quantity of Potential Transformers 24Quantity of Surge Arresters 126Mass of SF6 Gas (kg) 108 x 103


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SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionThe SCADA System, is a means of supervision and control based on computers.The general purpose of this System is to provide the Plant Operators with detailedand automatic information in a centralized form - at present being distributed overmore that 1,500 panels in the diverse galleries along the length of the power plant- and organized in real time (that is, at the instant of occurrence) concerning theelectrical, mechanical, thermal and hydraulic conditions of the equipment and theinstallations. This will permit the operators in the Central Control Room to exercisea permanent analysis of the situation and facilitate taking the correct andappropriate decisions within the time limits necessary to maintain the generation of

energy.Its operation is based on the installation of electronic devices in the diverse unitsof equipment in the Power Plant (generators, turbines, transformers, etc.) for theautomatic acquisition of operational information. This information will betransferred to a central computer, where it will be processed by specific software.When the software identifies abnormal conditions, the Operators will be instantly

informed by signals on the computer monitors. The required corrective actions orcommands can be taken through these same computers.The SCADA System is scheduled to be installed by the middle of 2002 and willprovide the Operators with supervision over approximately 18,000 points,significantly improving the operating conditions of the Plant and permitting, inmany cases, the prevention of disconnections, as well as allowing greater speed

of recovery from the operational problems that may occur.


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biggest hydro power station

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