bigger impacts of agriculture on nutrition: what will it take? by lawrence haddad
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7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bigger-impacts-of-agriculture-on-nutrition-what-will-it-take-by-lawrence 1/25
Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on NutritionWhat Will it Take?
Lawrence Haddad
Institute of Development Studies
CGIAR Science ForumSeptember 25, 2013
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Outline
• Why the Puzzling Evidence on Links Between
Agriculture and Nutrition?
• What are the features of an “Enabling
Environment” that can strengthen the links
between them?
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Puzzling Evidence
• Macro evidence is positive—or is it?
• Micro evidence is depressing—or is it?
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Smith and Haddad 2013
Macro Level: Food availability is just as important as the
other underlying determinants for reductions in stunting
%
(116 developing countries, 1970-2010)
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But… a lack of association of agricultural growth
and stunting
Headey 2012, cross country regression
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Table 3.5 Impact of interventions on nutritional status of children
Study Stunting (height-for-age)
Underweight(weight-for-age)
Wasting (weight-for-height)
Aiga et al. (2002) n.s ** n.sFaber et al. (2002) n.s n.s n.s.Hoorweg et al. (2000) ** ** **
Makhotla and Hendriks (2004) n.s. n.s. n.s.Low et al. (2007) n.s. ** **Olney et al. (2009) n.s. n.s. n.sSchipani et al. (2002) n.s. n.s. n.s.Shmidt and Vorster (1995) n.s. n.s. n.s.
Note: in the second column, n.s. is not statistically significant, * is statistically significant atthe 10% level, ** is significant at the 5% level, *** is significant at the 1% level
Micro Level: The stunting impact of agricultural interventions
that are designed to have an impact on nutrition - weak
Masset E, Haddad L, Cornelius A and Isaza-Castro J (2011), A
systematic review of agricultural interventions that aim to improve
nutritional status of children. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science
Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London.Lawrence Haddad
Institute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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But…
• Half of the non significant stunting findings
had sample sizes that were too small to detect
impacts--even if they existed!
• While these studies showed few effects on
stunting, about half of them showed
“positive” impacts on diets
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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The potential of nutritionsensitive programs to
improve nutrition outcomes
is clear but it has yet to beunleashed
Ruel and Alderman 2013. Lancet Series
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So, how to unleash?
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling Environment
Building commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,
Narratives andEvidence
Politics and
Governance
Capacity andFinancial
Resources
Gillespie, Haddad, Menon, Nisbett and Mannar, Lancet 2013
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling Environment
Building commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,
Narratives andEvidence
· What is agriculture for?
· Reframing foods
· Understand agriculturepolicymakers when it comes to
nutrition
Politics and
Governance
Capacity and
FinancialResources
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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CGIAR Annual Report 2000
CGIAR Annual Report 2011 CGIAR Reframing
Agricultural
Research
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7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling Environment
Building commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,
Narratives andEvidence
Politics and
Governance
· What does commitment of agriculture to nutrition look like?
· A commitment to food security isnot identical to a commitment tonutrition
Capacity andFinancial
Resources
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Commitment to Malnutrition reduction is not
identical to the Commitment to reduce Hunger
www.HANCIndex.org Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling Environment
Building commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,
Narratives andEvidence
Politics and
Governance
Capacity andFinancial
Resources
· Leadership and training:
where are the next generationbeing developed to think aboutthe links?
· Leadership opportunities and
training for women inagriculture
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Who is
training the
nextgeneration in
agriculture
and nutrition?
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling Environment
Building commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,
Narratives andEvidence
· Convincing evidence on whatworks
· Nature of evidence: associationsare fine if no systematic bias andvast majority of studies telling
same story. RCTs helpful insome key studies but not always.
Politics andGovernance
Capacity and
FinancialResources
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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“A second reason for lack of action to improve nutrition
is the fixation of the health and nutrition community on
randomised controlled trials (RCTs) as the only legitimate
source of evidence.8, 9 Unfortunately, RCTs—the gold
standard in health research—are generally impossible to
apply to the food system except in small, usually
unimportant, projects”
Per Pinstrup-Andersen, Lancet 2013 Response
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
bl
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling Environment
Building commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,
Narratives andEvidence
Politics and
Governance
· Horizontal coordination:integration or co-location?
· Empower women to improvedelivery of agriculture that is pronutrition—but how?
Capacity and
FinancialResources
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Integration of agriculture and nutrition is difficult politically and
operationally: might co-location be an additional option?
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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World Development Report 2012. World Bank
The “missingwomen” in
agriculture
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
C E bli E i
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling Environment
Building commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,
Narratives andEvidence
Politics and
Governance
Capacity andFinancial
Resources
· Increased potential for publicsector resources in agriculture towork for nutrition (e.g. A4H)
· Increased potential for privatesector resources in agriculture towork for nutrition
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Spencer Henson
John Humphrey
Bonnie McClafferty
GAIN-IDS Discussion Paper
Nutritious Agriculture by Design: A Tool for Program Planning.
We need more
tools to guide
public private
agriculture
partnerships
towards nutrition
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies
C t E bli E i t
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
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Create an Enabling EnvironmentBuilding commitment Converting commitment to impact
Framing,Narratives andEvidence
· What is agriculture for?
· Reframing foods
· Understand agriculturepolicymakers when it comes tonutrition
· Convincing evidence on whatworks
· Nature of evidence: associationsare fine if no systematic bias andvast majority of studies tellingsame story. RCTs helpful insome key studies but not always.
Politics andGovernance
· What does commitment of agriculture to nutrition look like?
· A commitment to food security isnot identical to a commitment to
nutrition
· Horizontal coordination:integration or co-location?
· Empower women to improvedelivery of agriculture that is pronutrition—but how?
Capacity andFinancial
Resources
·Leadership and training:where are the next generationbeing developed to think aboutthe links?
· Leadership opportunities andtraining for women in
agriculture
·Increased potential for publicsector resources in agriculture towork for nutrition (e.g. A4H)
· Increased potential for privatesector resources in agriculture to
work for nutrition
Lawrence Haddad
Institute of Development Studies
7/28/2019 Bigger Impacts of Agriculture on Nutrition : What Will it Take? by Lawrence Haddad
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/bigger-impacts-of-agriculture-on-nutrition-what-will-it-take-by-lawrence 25/25
Conclusions
• Agriculture does have the potential todramatically accelerate stunting declines
• We must realize that potential, because
nutrition specific programmes on their ownwill, at best, reduce stunting by 20%
• To realize that potential we need to build an
enabling environment for agriculture• We know what to do--it’s up to us to make it
happen
Lawrence HaddadInstitute of Development Studies