big data and population health: sbm 2015
TRANSCRIPT
Using Big Data for Population Health
Bradford W. Hesse, PhDChief, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch
Apple Announces “Research Kit” in March 2015: “Share the Journey” in Breast Cancer
Source: Hesse, B. W. (2008). Of mice and mentors: developing cyber-infrastructure to support transdisciplinary scientific collaboration. Am J Prev Med, 35(2 Suppl), S235-239.
Augmenting Human Intellect
Three Conditions:
Make intuitive
Connect knowledge
Connect people
Make intuitive
Inform Support Decisions
Educate Persuade
Nelson, Hesse, Croyle, 2009
Make intuitive
Knowledge in the Head*
Knowledge in The World*
Task Relevant Schemata
General model
Norman, D. A. (1988). The psychology of everyday things. New York, Basic Books.
Chapter 4: Visual Displays
SOURCE: http://alleydog.com/topics/sensation_and_perception.php
Perceptual Basics
source: Carpenter PA, Shah P. A model of the perceptual and conceptual processes in graph comprehension. J Educ Psychol. 1999, 91(4): 690-702.
• Constructive process
• Gaze goes to center for pattern
• Contiguous labels for meaning
• Left to right tendency in western culture
• Perceptual rules guide meaning
Cognitive / Perceptual Research
source: Carpenter PA, Shah P. A model of the perceptual and conceptual processes in graph comprehension. J Educ Psychol. 1999, 91(4): 690-702.
• Constructive process
• Gaze goes to center for pattern
• Contiguous labels for meaning
• Left to right tendency in western culture
• Perceptual rules guide meaning
Visualizing Long Term Change
• Constructive process
• Gaze goes to center for pattern
• Contiguous labels for meaning
• Left to right tendency in western culture
• Perceptual rules guide meaning
Hans Rosling, BBC
Visualizing Change Dynamically
Monitoring for Change in EHR Systems Aging In Place, Intel
Rule of Thumb* for “Big Data” Systems
• Overview
• Zoom / filter
• Details on demand
*Ben Shneiderman, R01 CA172732-01
Overcome “small numbers” bias
Exceptional Case
Fallacy of small numbers;Tversky & Kahneman, 1971
Illnesses322,000,000
Hospitalizations21,000,000
Prevented
Deaths732,000
Fagerlin, A., Ubel, P. A., Smith, D. M., & Zikmund-Fisher, B. J. (2007). Making numbers matter: present and future research in risk communication. Am J Health Behav, 31 Suppl 1, S47-56.
Icon arrays designed to convey natural frequencies
Angie Fagerlin Brian Zikmund-Fisher
Introducing a Dynamic DimensionChoropleth Maps: CDC Obesity Trends, BRFSS 1985
Nonsegmented geographic data
Isopleth “Weather Maps,” HINTS
Juxtaposing geographic distributions
Mortality Maps (SEER): Lung Cancer Mortality
For Example: Knowledge Maps (HINTS): Does Smoking Cause Cancer?
Added User Controls 14 datasets spanning 6 years
NSF, NIH Collaboration
Disolving Barriers Between Clinical and Community Health
source: Hesse, Bradford W. (2007). Public Health Informatics. In M. C. Gibbons (Ed.), eHealth Solutions for Healthcare Disparities (pp. 109-129). New York, NY: Springer.
“Simplicity is about
subtracting the obvious, and
adding the meaningful.”*
*Maeda, J. (2006). The laws of simplicity. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.
National Committee on Vital and Health
Statistics, 2001
Connect knowledge (data)
Hesse BW. Public Health Informatics. In: Gibbons MC, editor. eHealth Solutions for Healthcare Disparities. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. p. 109-129.
Healthcare Provider: Data to Inform Care
Healthcare Provider: Creating a “Learning Healthcare System”
Learning Healthcare System
Healthcare Provider: Improving Quality of Care
Clinical / Public Health: Empowering hospitals to manage population health
See also: Hesse BW, Nelson DE, Rutten LF, Moser RP, Beckjord EB, Chou W-YS. National Health Communication Surveillance Systems. In: D. K. Kim ASGLK, ed. Global Health Communication Strategies in the 21st Century: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation. New York, NY: Peter Lang; In Press.
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Public Health: Connecting knowledge on the public health side
Public Health: Enabling community action by connecting community data systems
Public Health: Enabling “Smart Cities”
Kevin Patrick
Public Health: Data mining in social media space.
Georgia Tourassi
Public / Personal: “Data Altruism:” Donating personal data for the public good
“I’m happy to contribute [my data] if it could contribute to, say, a larger study where there could be some additional knowledge.”
-Individual
Personal Health: Use personal data to track progress, nudge behavior, share decisions
Health Kit
ResearchKit
Personal / Clinical: E.g., Sensor-based monitoring to reduce risk of dehydration
Karen Basen-Engquist
Susan Peterson
Personal / Clinical / Public: Kaiser Southern California, Personal Health Plan
“We use online Personal Action Plans (health alerts, data visualizations, reminders, personalized content, email), and results are impressive:”
Within 90 days of identifying a care gap … 6X pap screens completed, … 6X mammograms completed, … 10 X CRC screening completed
Nirav ShahVP & COO,
Kaiser So Cal
Clinical / Personal / Public Health: Reducing disparities: Colon Cancer
Deficits in:
Usability
Interoperability
Communication
Connect people
Connect people
Connect people
“What research question would you ask if you had access to all the data in
the world?”
Fortune Magazine, January 2007
Test question from Google to potential academic partners (most failed).
November 18, 2014 by Colin Carson10-15 exabytes
Can we identify gene variants that modulate drug efficacy when searching through p values for associations between
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms & phenotype?
Manhattan Plot
Genome Wide Association Studies
What questions will you ask?
http://ann.sagepub.com/content/current Thank you!
Slideshare.nethttp://www.slideshare.net/BradfordHesse