big businesses and big labor

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Big Businesses and Big Labor Chapter 6.3

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Big Businesses and Big Labor. Chapter 6.3. Big Business. Andrew Carnegie gained control of almost the entire steel industry using these techniques: Vertical Integration : buying all levels of the process of making a product coal & iron mines, railroads, machine companies - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Big Businesses and Big Labor

Chapter 6.3

Page 2: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Big Business• Andrew Carnegie gained control of almost

the entire steel industry using these techniques:– Vertical Integration: buying all levels of the

process of making a product• coal & iron mines, railroads, machine companies

– Horizontal Integration: buying other companies that do the same function• Buying other steel factories

Page 3: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Big Business

Page 4: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Big Business• (Same list continued)– Making his business super-efficient– Underselling his opponents until they couldn’t

compete on price and went out of business

Page 5: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Big Business• Charles Darwin’s theory of “natural

selection” said only the strong species survive– Social Darwinism applied this idea to humans,

that some are better and deserve to be rich and others are weak and deserve to be poor

– Social Darwinism suggested less government regulation, let the rich get rich & the poor be poor

Page 6: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Big Businesses• Company buys out all competitors “monopoly”• Companies teams up and their power over to a

group of people (trustees) “trust”– The difference: trusts were technically still separate

companies

Page 7: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Big Business• Both trusts and monopolies could charge

whatever they wanted for their product– Because they had no competition

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act tried to make trusts illegal– but when under pressure, a trust would just

split back into separate companies

Page 8: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Starter, Tuesday Sept 17.• 1. What is the setting of this image?• 2. What do the large men in the back represent?• 3. What is the author’s message?

Page 9: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Labor Unions• Working conditions were horrible– 12 hour days, 7 days a week, low pay, unsafe.• Child labor meant children didn’t get a “childhood”

• The AFL attempted to improve workers situations through collective bargaining– Where unions negotiate for all their workers at

once

Page 10: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Labor Unions• Some unions believed in Socialism, where

the govt. owns and runs businesses to make people more equal.– Eugene V. Debs was a union leader who

actually ran as the Socialist party candidate for president 5 times!

Page 11: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Labor Unions• 1877 RR workers struck because their wages

were cut, Pres. Hayes ended the strike with troops

• At the Haymarket Square in Chicago in 1886, A bomb was thrown at police who had dispersed striking workers– This made the public turn against the labor

movement.

Page 12: Big Businesses and Big Labor

Labor Unions• 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire showed

how bad working conditions could be• But companies were successful in pushing the

govt. to weaken unions by arguing that strikes hurt interstate commerce– The govt. used Sherman Anti-Trust Act to bust big

unions (rather than big businesses)