bicycle information

7/30/2019 Bicycle Information

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^DA gegvhtgd w}ke` tbg l~ge }lwvmg opckf tllcikt% ]gg btt~:,,mldg%~gdkh~vg}}%mlo, alv olvg kealvohtkle%^DA `gegvhtgd ht: Pgd# 68 Elq 6>86 >7:8=:40 WTM

Fkm{mcg KealvohtklePbht {lw eggd tl ielp


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Mletget}

Hvtkmcg}

Ketvldwmtkle 8Fw{ke` h Fkm{mcg 8

@gegvhc ]hagt{ 8

Pbht }t{cg 0

Fkig @ghv hed ^hvt} 8>Gxwk~oget hed Hmmg}}lvkg} 8>

Mvhei}gt} 88

Agedgv} 88

Avhog} 88

Ck`bt} 86

H~~gedkr 8=

Ohketgehemg 87Ohketgehemg hed Vg~hkv 87

Flttlo Fvhmigt} 80

Flttlo fvhmigt lqgvbhwc 80

Fvhig} 8;

Hdjw}tke` Vko Fvhig} 68

Mlh}tgv Fvhig} 6;

Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`} =>

Mbhke} =2

Mbhke mcghe hed cwfg =;

Mbhke }kzg} =;

Mbgmike` mbhke pghv 48Ke}thccke` h egp mbhke 46

Ogedke` h fvlige mbhke 46

Vgolqke` h Fkm{mcg Mbhke 4=

]gttke` mbhke cge`tb 41

Mcgheke` ~hvt} 41

Mvhei} 40

Dgvhkccgwv} 4;

Avlet Dgvhkccgwv Hdjw}toget 7>


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Vghv Dgvhkccgwv Hdjw}toget 78

Avhog} 1>

Avggpbggc} hed Mh}}gttg} 1>

@ghv/mbhe`ke` Dkoge}kle} 06

@cl}}hv{ 0;

Bhedcgfhv} hed ]tgo} 26

Bghd}gt} 26

Bghd}gt Lqgvbhwc 26

Bwf} 27

Mcgheke` hed vg~hmike` h bwf 27

Ohketgehemg ]mbgdwcg} 2;

^gdhc} ;>

Vgolqke` ~gdhc} ;8

]hddcg} hed ]ght~l}t} ;6

]bkatgv} ;=

Vh~kdakvg ]bkatgv Cwfvkmhtkle ;=

]VHO @vk~}bkat =%> 'mlo~' Mhfcg Vg~chmgoget ;=

]w}~ge}kle ;0

Avlet }w}~ge}kle cwfvkmhtkle ;0

Tllc} hed ]w~~ckg} ;0

^gdhc Pvgemb ;;Pbggc} hed Tkvg} 8>>

Akrke` h acht 8>>

Tvwke` h fkm{mcg pbggc 8>2

Vgagvgemg}Hvtkmcg ]lwvmg} hed Mletvkfwtlv} 888

Koh`g ]lwvmg}# Ckmge}g} hed Mletvkfwtlv} 88=

Hvtkmcg Ckmge}g}Ckmge}g 887


4/118

8

Ketvldwmtkle

Fw{ke` h Fkm{mcg^wvmbh}ke` h fkm{mcg mhe fg gh}{ alv gr~gvkgemg w}gv} hed }ck`btc{ dkaakmwct alv egp w}gv}% [lw eggd tl wpbht {lw phet tl `gt lwt la {lwv fkig% Olwethke Fkig} hvg `lld alv pbht } ke tbg ehog# olwethke}# mckofke`# `lke`w~bkcc fgmhw}g tbgkv `ghv vhtkl} ohig ~gdhcke` gh}kgv% Ka {lw tged tl }th{ wvfhe {lw oh{ eggd tl }tkmi pktb h }tOle`ll}g# Bwaa{ mkt{ fkig% Tbg}g hvg ohdg alv }ko~cg vkdg} `lld alv }~ggd fwt tged tl ~wt olvg ~vg}}wvg le {lwcg`}%

Ke Gwvl~ghe mlwetvkg}# fkig }bl~} hvg qhv{ mloole fgmhw}g tbgkv w}g ke tbg mlwetv{ lqgv qgbkmcg}# Ke tbg]thtg} fkig }bl~} hvg hvlwed fwt elt h} mloole h} Gwvl~g% Ke Hogvkmh kt k} mloole tl }gg h mbkcd le h fkig fwt elth lcdgv hdwct dwg tl kt fgke` olvg mloole alv lcdgv hdwct} tl bhqg qgbkmcg}% Chv`g vgthkc }tlvg} ckig Phc/Ohvt bh

}gcgmtkle la fkig} fwt tbg{ hvg mbgh~ lv ~llvc{ ohdg% Ka {lw phet h dwvhfcg fkig {lw plwcd eggd tl `l tl h fkig }bl~hed `gt h fkig avlo h vg~wthfcg mlo~he{%

@gegvhc ]hagt{Tbk} mbh~tgv k} oghet tl dghc pktb@gegvhc ]hagt{ # hed pkcc mlqgv pbht gxwk~oget {lw oh{ eggd# qk}kfkckt{ohketgehemg hed }gmwvkt{# hcc la pbkmb mhe fg hdjw}tgd fgalvg h vkdgv fg`ke} tbgkv dhkc{ mloowtg%

Ohketgehemg

Akv}t hed alvgol}t h m{mck}t eggd} h pgcc ohkethkegd hed awemtklehc ohmbkeg% Tbg fkm{mcg k} leg la tbg agp mdwvhfcg} }tkcc ketgedgd tl fg ohkethkehfcg f{ tbg lpegv: ol}t m{mcg ohketgehemg k} }ko~cg hed vgxwkvg} lec{ fhtllc}% Ht tbg qgv{ cgh}t tbg vkdgv }blwcd vg`wchvc{ mbgmi }hagt{/mvktkmhc mlo~leget}:

Fvhig}: tbg avlet fvhig }blwcd fg mh~hfcg la clmike` tbg avlet pbggc }l tbht ka tbg fkig k} ~w}bgd alvphvd}# tbg vpbggc ckat}9 tbg vghv fvhig }blwcd fg mh~hfcg la }ikddke` tbg vghv pbggc%

Bghd}gt: pktb tbg avlet fvhig akvoc{ le# vlmi tbg fkig alvphvd} hed fhmiphvd}% Ka {lw aggc h mcwei h} tbg fkigolqg}# hed tbg bhedcgfhv} olqg hvlwed# tbge tbg bghd}gt ~vlfhfc{ eggd} hdjw}tke` lv vg~chmke`%

H pketgv t{vg alv fkm{mcg} pbkmb ~vlqkdg fgttgv `vk~ kekm{ mledktkle}%

Tkvg}: ke}~gmt {lwv tkvg} vg`wchvc{ alv mwt} hed pghv% Plve tkvg}mhe fclp lwt# pktb ~gvkclw} mle}gxwgemg}% Tbg{ hc}l ~wemtwvg

olvg vghdkc{% Mbgmi tbht {lwv tkvg} hvg ~wo~gd w~ gelw`b%^kemb tbg tkvg fgtpgge tbwof hed alvgake`gv: Kt }blwcd aggcbhvd% Olwethke fkig tkvg} t{~kmhcc{ vwe ht hflwt 47~}k# vlhd fkigtkvg} ht he{tbke` w~ tl 86>~}k% Dl elt w}g `hvh`g alvgmlwvthkvckeg} "`h} }thtkle hkv mlo~vg}}lv}+ tl keachtg fkig tkvg}# w}g h~vl~gv ~wo~ ~vgagvhfc{ pktb h ~vg}}wvg `hw`g% Lqgv/keachtgdtkvg} mhe ckat laa tbg vko hed fwv}t% Wedgv/keachtgd tkvg}mlo~vlok}g mletvlc hed mhe vg}wct ke ~kemb acht}# hc}l ielpe h}}ehigfktg ~wemtwvg} alv tbgkv mbhvhmtgvk}tkm dlwfcg blcg}%

Pbggc}: Ke twve# ckat ghmb ged la tbg fkig hed }~ke tbg pbggc% Kt }blwcd }~ke avggc{ hed tbg vko }blwcd vgovlw`bc{ tbg }hog dk}themg avlo tbg fvhig fclmi}% H pbggc pbkmb k} fhdc{ lwt la tvwg oh{ kedkmhtg h fvlige }~lig
http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABicycle_winter_tire.jpg


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@gegvhc ]hagt{ 6

/ tbk} }blwcd fg akrgd h} }lle h} ~l}}kfcg lv gc}g olvg }~lig} "lv tbg pblcg pbggc+ pkcc ~vlfhfc{ }lle ahkc% Tv{ tlolqg tbg vko avlo }kdg tl }kdg% Ka kt olqg} lv {lw aggc h mcwei# tbge tbg fghvke`} oh{ fg plve hed }blwcd fgmbgmigd% Ka tbg pbggc aggc} `vktt{ h} kt }~ke}# lv vwofcg}# tbg fghvke`} hvg ~vlfhfc{ dhoh`gd%

Bhedcgfhv}: }thed ke avlet la tbg fkig# ahmke` tlphvd} kt9 blcd tbg avlet pbggc fgtpgge {lwv cg`}9 `vhf tbgbhedcgfhv} hed tv{ tl twve% Ka tbg fhv} tpk}t le tbg }tgo# tk`btge tbgo%

@gegvhc: ka {lw bhqg owd`whvd} "agedgv}+# h vhmi# h mbhke `whvd lv he{ ltbgv gxwk~oget htthmbgd tl {lwv `kqg kt h `lld vhttcg avlo tkog tl tkog hed mbgmi tbht kt k} }tkcc }gmwvgc{ akrgd% Cll}g owd`whvd}# alv grho~cg#`l ke {lwv pbggc hed fvke` {lw dlpe%

Ck`bt} ! mle}~kmwkt{

Tbg `gegvhc mle}ge}w} k} tbht ka {lw vkdg hatgv dhvi {lw }blwcd w}g ck`bt}% Tbk} h cg`hc vgxwkvgoget ke ol}t ~k} hc}l `gegvhcc{ vgmloogedgd tbht {lw dvg}} tl fg }gge# g}~gmkhcc{ ke ~llv pghtbgv% Hctblw`b tbk} mle}ge}wfvlhd/fh}gd# kt k} chv`gc{ ketwktkqg hed tbgvg hvg agp }twdkg} tl }w~~lvt lv vgawtg kt%

Fkig akt

Kt k} mloole alv ~hvget} tl fw{ h fkig tbht k} tll fk`# ke tbg ielpcgd`g tbht h mbkcd pkcc `vlp% Tbk} mhe ohig kt qgv{dkaakmwct alv tbg mbkcd tl mletvlc tbg fkig ~vl~gvc{ / ke ol}t mh}g} kt plwcd fg fgttgv tl fw{ h }gmled/bhed fkig tvk`bt }kzg tbhe h egp leg pktb &vllo alv `vlptb#& pbkmb k}# ke vghckt{# tll fk`%

Ke hdwct} tbg fk``g}t ahwct k} w}whcc{ bhqke` tbg }hddcg tll clp# fwt tbk} k} ohkec{ he k}}wg la gvvleglw}c{ ~gmloalvt hed bghctb% Kt w~}gt} tbg hfkckt{ la tbg vkdgv tl mletvlc tbg fkig hed dhoh`g} tbg vkdgv} iegg} hed fhmi%fg}t hdqkmg pbge fw{ke`,akttke` h fkig k} tl `l tl h }~gmkhck}t fkig }bl~ "Mhqght go~tlv+ hed thig hdqkmg%

Bgcogt}

Tbg }wfjgmt la m{mcg bgcogt} k} mletvlqgv}khc% ]log gqkdgemg }w``g}t} tbht bgcogtgd vkdgv} hvg cg}} ckigc{

bghd kejwv{9 ltbgv gqkdgemg }w``g}t} tbg l~~l}ktg% Gqge pbge m{mcg bgcogt w}g bh} vk}ge }tgg~c{ dwg tl chvgxwkvg kt# kt bh} elt fgge dgole}tvhtgd tbht tbgvg k} h mlvvgchtkle fgtpgge bgcogt w}g hed vgdwmtkle ke bghd kejVgmget hehc{}k} }w~~lvt} tbg mlemcw}kle la ]~hktg gt hc% tbht owmb la tbg gaagmt httvkfwtgd tl bgcogt} ke mh}}twdkg} oh{ fg dwg tl fgbhqklwvhc dkaagvgemg} ke tbg t{~g} la m{mck}t} pbl mbll}g tl pghv lv elt pghv tbgo% Ke h}~ggd mvh}b# h m{mck}t ok`bt fgegakt avlo pghvke` h bgcogt fwt tbg tbglv{ la vk}i mlo~ge}htkle }w``g}t} tbht tbg ala pghvke` leg oh{ }wftc{ keacwgemg m{mck}t} vkdke` f{ ohike` tbgo cg}} mhvgawc% Ke h olvg }gvklw} mvh}b# gka h oltlv qgbkmcg k} keqlcqgd# kt k} weckigc{ tbht h bgcogt pkcc ohig h }k`ekakmhet dkaagvgemg% Leg }twd{ alwla 6> m{mck}t ahthcktkg} pbl}g ~vkohv{ mhw}g la dghtb ph} ck}tgd h} bghd kejwv{ hc}l bhd ltbgv ahthc kejwvkgvgohkeke` alwv# ht cgh}t leg vkdgv bhd fgge bgcogtgd ht tbg tkogY8_%

Clmhc KealvohtkleAked h clmhc kedg~gedget fkig }bl~ tbht {lw tvw}t% @l ke hed bhqg h mbht pktb tbg ~gl~cg hed }gg ka kt k} {lwv i~chmg% Tbg }thaa ke h `lld fkig }bl~ pkcc fg hfcg tl laagv keqhcwhfcg hdqkmg hed tbg{ hvg ol}tc{ bh~~{ tl bgKedg~gedget fkig }bl~} hvg vgmloogedgd fgmhw}g tbgkv }thaa tged tl fg olvg ~h}}klehtg hed ielpcgd`ghfcg hflwtm{mcke` tbhe ke ol}t mbhke }bl~}%

Ohe{ hvgh} hc}l bhqg clmhc m{mcke` lv`hek}htkle}# vhe`ke` avlo }~lvt/lvkgetgd m{mcg mcwf} tl mho~hk`lv`hek}htkle} alv tvhe}~lvt m{mck}t}%


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@gegvhc ]hagt{ =

Tbg Ketgvegt

Tbgvg hvg ohe{ pgf alvwo} laagvke` dk}mw}}kle la hcc h}~gmt} la m{mcke` hed vgchtgd k}}wg}# h} pgcc h} keal}ktg} vwe f{ kedkqkdwhc} hed lv`hek}htkle}% Ckei} tl }log la tbg}g hvg `kqge ht tbg flttlo la tbg ~h`g%

@lqgveoget Kealvohtkle

@lqgveoget h`gemkg} k}}wg kealvohtkle hed hdqkmg hflwt m{mcke`% tbg WI Bk`bph{ MldgY6_mlethke} h }woohv{ la vlhd tvhaakm chp} hed laakmkhc fg}t ~vhmtkmg % Pbkc}t agp m{mcke` lv`hek}htkle} hdqlmhtg fvghike` tbg chp# tbg hdqkmg gcgoget} h} pvkttge f{ ele/m{mck}t}# hed elt egmg}}hvkc{ ke ckeg pktb vghckt{ lv m{mck}t} fg}t ketgvg

OhketgehemgKt } qkthc tbht tbg fkm{mcg {lw vgc{ le k} ke `lld mledktkle% Cghve tl dl }ko~cg jlf} ckig cwfvkmhtkle hed fvhig hedhdjw}toget% Mcghe {lwv fkig vg`wchvc{% Thig {lwv fkig ke alv h }gvqkmg ht {lwv fkig }bl~ht cgh}t lemg h {ghv%G}}getkhc }hagt{ mvktkmhc ~hvt} tbht {lw }blwcd mbgmi latge hvg:

Pbggc}: Hvg {lwv tkvg} ke `lld mledktkle hed mlvvgmtc{ keachtgd< Dle t vkdg le fhcd lv acht tkvg}% Hvg tbg pbggc

tk`bt gelw`b tl blcd tbg pbggc ke ~chmg< Ka {lw bhqg xwkmi/vgcgh}g pbggc} mbgmi tbht tbg xwkmi vgcgh}g k} mtk`btgegd gqgv{ tkog {lw vkdg {lwv fkig% Dlg} tbg pbggc vwe }tvhk`bt hed tvwg< ka tbgvg hvg plffcg} ke tbg }~kepbggc {lwv fkig }bl~ mhe gh}kc{ &tvwg& tbgo alv {lw%

Mhfcg}: Mbgmi hcc {lwv fvhig hed `ghv mhfcg} alv }k`e} la vw}t# pghv lv avh{ke`% Tbg fvhig mhfcg k} leg la tbg oko~lvthet ~hvt} le h fkig }l ohig }wvg {lw igg~ h mcl}g mbgmi le kt} mledktkle% Ka {lwv mhfcg} clli plve lwt `gt {lwfkig }bl~ tl akt egp leg}%

Fvhig}: Tg}t tbg fvhig} fgalvg {lw `gt lwt le tl tbg vlhd% Pbge cllike` ht tbg fvhig} mbgmi tbht tbg fvhig ~hd} hvgelt plve lwt# hed tbht tbg{ ohig mlethmt pktb tbg pbggc vko mlvvgmtc{ pbge alvmg k} h~~ckgd le tbg cgqgv% H}i {lfkig }bl~ tl }blp {lw blp tl ~gvalvo dh{ tl dh{ hdjw}toget le {lwv fvhig}% ]gg hc}l Hdjw}tke` Fvhig}%

Ohe{ fkig }bl~} vwe m{mcg ohketgehemg mlwv}g}% Mbgmi pktb tbg }thaa ke {lwv clmhc "bl~gawcc{ kedg~gedge}bl~%

]gmwvkt{Fkig tbgat k} vho~het ke wvfhe mgetvg}# }l ka {lw vg `lke` tl cghqg {lwv fkig he{pbgvg {lw ow}t h}}wog tbht ktpkcchttvhmt tbkgqg}% Tbg w}whc ogtbld w}gd f{ fkig tbkgqg} k} h} alcclp}:

Fkig} w}whcc{ dk}h~~ghv lqgvek`bt % Fkig} hvg }tlcge f{ l~~lvtwek}t} dwvke` tbg dh{ fwt lv`hek}gd fkig `he`}}tghc fkig} ht ek`bt# hatgv oh~~ke` lwt tbgkv ketgedgd clmhtkle} ke tbg ~vgmgdke` dh{ck`bt blwv}%

Fgphvg la }tvhe`gv} le fkig} % ^vklv tl he lv`hek}gd tbgat# {lwe` }tvhe`gv} lv eghv/}tvhe`gv} pkcc fg }ggelf}gvqke` ke tbg hvgh la tbg fkig} dwvke` tbg dh{tkog# ~gvbh~} le fkig} tbgo}gcqg}% Gqge ka tbg{ hvg }get hph{ kk} pvle` tl h}}wog tbht tbg ~lket ph} ple9 tbg{ hvg mh}ke` tbg ~chmg alv h ek`bt tbgat hed tbg{ lv ltbgv}pkccvgtwve# w}whcc{ tbg }hog ek`bt% Ka lf}gvqgv} hvg eltkmgd dwvke` tbg dh{# thig tbg fkig} ketl tbg blw}g vg`hvdche{ kemleqgekgemg%

El clmi k} tlthcc{ }hag % He{ clmi mhe fg fvlige# fwt fw{ h `lld clmi tl igg~ tbg ldd} ke {lwv ahqlv% Tbkgqg} w}gmhv jhmi} tl fvghi d/mcho~ clmi}# hed flct mwttgv} alv mbhke} hed mhfcg}% ]log }h{ tbht }igcgtle ig{} hvg hqhkchalv clmi}%

Fkig} hvg tbge }tvk~~gd la he{ ~gmwckhv akrke`} % Ke ahmt# hcc la tbg fvhig} hed ltbgv hmmg}}lvkg} mhe fg vgolqgd9Tbg{ hvg ketgvmbhe`gd fgtpgge ltbgv fkig} tl mleaw}g vgml`ektkle%

Tbg tbkgqg} }gcc tbg fkig} xwkmic{ % Tbg{ `gt mlo~hvhtkqgc{ clp ~vkmg} alv fkig} fwt ke qkgp la tbg clp ~gehctkg}ko~l}gd le tbgkv hmtkqktkg}# tbg{ }tghc chv`g ewofgv} la ktgo}% ]gccke` tbg fkig} mlo~lwed} tbg dkaakmwct{ la vgmlqgv{ gqge ka tbg ktgo} hvg alwed%
http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Brakes/Adjusting_brakeshttp://www.direct.gov.uk/en/TravelAndTransport/Highwaycode/Cyclists/index.htm


7/118

@gegvhc ]hagt{ 4

Fghv ke oked tbge# tbg alcclpke` ~lket}:

El m{mcg clmi k} tbkga ~vlla % Hcc {lw mhe dl tl ~vltgmt {lwv fkig k} fw{ tkog% [lw bhqg tl kemvgh}g tbg vk}i alv tbgtbkga tl tbg ~lket tbht tbg{ pkcc elt fltbgv thv`gtke` {lw% F{ tbg tkog tbht h fkig k} }tlcge# tbg mbhemg la kt fgke`vgmlqgvgd f{ ~lckmg k} ~llv%

Keqg}t ke h }gmwvg m{mcg clmi% Tbgvg hvg ohe{ t{~g} tl mbll}g avlo% Tbg }thaa ke tbg fkig }bl~ pkcc fg hfcg tl

laagv {lw tbg fg}t hdqkmg% H mloole `wkdg k} tbht {lw }blwcd keqg}t ht cgh}t 8>' la tbg ~vkmg la {lwv m{mcg keclmi% Kdghcc{ mle}kdgv h clmi tbht mhe ah}tgefltb pbggc} hed tbg avhog tl h fkig }thed% Ke}wvgv} ke}k}t le `lldclmi} hed tbg{ bhqg h~~vlqgd ck}t}%

Ke}wvg {lwv fkig % Vghd tbg ~lckm{ mhvgawcc{9 }log la tbg}g hvg dkaakmwct tl mchko le% Ka {lwv fkig vgmgk~t bhqg hcc la tbg ktgo} le kt# kemcwdke` tbg fkig ewofgv# dhtg la ~wvmbh}g# ml}t# hed ltbgv ktgo}# tbge ohig }wvg`gt tbg}g lv tbg ke}wvhemg ok`bt elt plvi% ]kokchvc{# tbg vgmgk~t alv {lwv fkig clmi k} gr~gmtgd tl fgowmb/dgthkcgd# kemcwdke` kt} ohig# oldgc# ~vkmg# hed }gvkhc ewofgv# }l tbht {lw mhe jw}tka{ tbg`lld clmi mchw}g%El gh}{ th}i9 ol}t mlwetgv vgmgk~t} chmi dgthkc% Hctblw`b ol}t ke}wvhemg mlqgv} tbgathph{ avlo blog pbge heh~~vlqgd clmi ph} w}gd# ke}wvgv} pkcc elt w}whcc{ ~h{ alv h fkig }tlcge avlo tbgmloole hvgh la acht} pbgtbgv lvelt h `lld clmi ph} w}gd# "le tbg vhkcke`}+% Tbgvg k} latge h }tk~wchtgd avlet/dllv clmi xwhckt{ alv ke}wvgd ktgo

tbg blw}g kt}gca# tblw`b avheic{# thike` tbg fkig ketl tbg blw}g ht ek`bt `kqg} tbg fg}t ~vltgmtkle la hcc% ]hdc{#ohe{ lec{ vghckzg tbg ckokthtkle} la ke}wvhemg hatgv he we}wmmg}}awc mchko%

Xwkmi vgcgh}g mlo~leget} eggd clmigd tll % Pbggc} hed }hddcg} eggd clmigd tl dgtgv ~gtt{ tbkgqg}% Kt ok`bt fgplvtb keqg}tke` ke h ck`bt mhfcg clmi tl }gmwvg {lwv mlo~leget} tl {lwv avhog% Tpl clmi} hvg hc}l fgttgv tbhe legfgmhw}g kt thig} tbg tbkga cle`gv tl vgolqg tbgo%

Mbll}g tbg ~chmg tbht {lw clmi {lwv fkig w~ mhvgawcc{ % Egqgv clmi {lwv fkig w~ }logpbgvg tbht {lw bl~g ktple t fg eltkmgd / vgogofgv# el clmi k} tbkga ~vlla# fwt tbg{ fw{ tkog% Ka tbg tbkga tbkei} kt pkcc thig tll cle` tlvgolqg tbg clmi# hed tbg{ ok`bt fg mhw`bt tbge tbg{ ple t httgo~t h tbgat% F{ clmike` {lwv fkig w~ ke h xwkgt }~lt{lw hvg vgolqke` tbg lec{ hdqheth`g {lw bhqg% Kdghcc{ mbll}g h dg}kèhtgd m{mcg ~hvike` ahmkckt{ ~vlqkdgd f"ol}t+ owekmk~hc hwtblvktkg}% Ka elt tbge cho~ ~l}t}# agemg}# }kè}# gtm% ~vlqkdg w}gawc clmike` ~lket}% O

{lw clmi {lwv fkig w~ ke fw}{ ~chmg}% Tbgvg hvg h agp ohjlv ~lket} tl ohig hflwt ~kmike` tbg lfjgmt {lw clmi{lwv fkig tl:

Egqgv clmi {lwv fkig tl mh}t kvle vhkcke`}( / Mh}t kvle k} fvkttcg# }l hctblw`b h vhkcke` clli} }tvle` h }bhv~ fclpavlo h bghq{ bhoogv mhe }bhttgv kt ke el tkog ht hcc% Ka {lw vg elt }wvg aked }logtbke` gc}g tl clmi {lwv fkig tl%

Mbgmi tbht tbg fkig }thed lv ltbgv lfjgmt k} }gmwvg % Fkm{mcg clmike` }thed} }blwcd elt olqg% Tbg{ }blwcd fg h}}lckd h} h vlmi% ]log vghcc{ dl jw}t ckat w~ lwt la tbg `vlwed% ]log agemg} bhqg vhkcke`} tbht }ckdg vk`bt lwt% Pgqgv {lw vg clmike` {lwv fkig tl# `kqg kt h `lld }bhig fgalvg {lw clmi {lwv fkig tl kt% Ka kt clli} ckig kt ok`bt `l}logpbgvg# mbll}g }logpbgvg gc}g tl clmi {lwv fkig%

Pbge {lw clmi {lwv fkig tl h }kè ohig }wvg kt'} h thcc leg % Tbkgqg} pkcc jw}t fged tbg }kè w~ hed ckat {lwvfkig lqgv tbg tl~ la tbg ~l}t ka tbg{ mhe% Ohig }wvg tbg ~l}t k} tll thcc alv tbgo tl dl tbht% Hc}l# ke }log mlwetvkg}

"Cledle# WI+# tbg ~lckmg ok`bt lfjgmt tl fkig} mhfcgd tl cho~~l}t}# hed h} }wmb ka he laage}g k} fgke` mlookttgd#{lw ok`bt tbht kt ohig} alv h dkaakmwct ke}wvhemg mchko ke tbg gqget la h tbgat%

Tv{ elt tl cghqg {lwv fkig lwt}kdg lqgvek`bt he{pbgvg % [lw pkcc aked tbht ke}wvhemg ~lckmkg} oh{ elt mlqgvtbk}# gqge ke tbg mloole hvgh la {lwv blog% Thig he{ fkig tbht {lw qhcwg ketl tbg blw}g% Alcdke` fkig} ohig tbk}vg`kog gh}kgv# gqge ka tbg{ bhqg 61 kemb pbggc}%

Ohig {lwv m{mcg cg}} httvhmtkqg tl tbkgqg} % [lw mhe `gt {lwv fkm{mcg avhog }tho~gd pktb h wekxwg ewofgv"}logtkog} {lwv ~l}tmldg lv zk~/mldg+ hed vg`k}tgvgd pktb tbg ~lckmg% Tbgvg hvg hc}l gcgmtvlekm th`} tbht kdg{lwv fkig h} }tlcge ka tbg ~lckmg aked kt% Tbgvg hvg ketgvegt ~vl~gvt{ vg`k}tgv} ckig Koolfkck}g%mlo tbht hvg w}gd f{chp gealvmgoget hed fkig lpegv} tl mbgmi pbgtbgv lv elt alv/}hcg hed vgmlqgvgd ktgo} hvg hcvghd{ vg~lvtgd h}}tlcge% Tbglvgtkmhcc{# tbgvg }blwcd fg el ketgvehtklehc flwedhvkg} tl ketgvegt vg`k}tgv}# tblw`b tbg chmi la

ketgvehtklehc ~lckmg ckhk}le "hed tbgkv dk}ketgvg}t+ ok`bt ~vgqget kt% ^vklvkt{ ke ol}t ~lckmg alvmg} k} `kqgemvkog}h`hke}t tbg ~gv}le # }l fkig tbgat bh} xwktg h clp ~vklvkt{%


8/118

@gegvhc ]hagt{ 7

]log m{mck}t} pvh~ tbg avhog la tbgkv m{mcg} ke th~g% W}g gktbgv gcgmtvkmhc ke}wchtke` th~g lv &`haagv& th~g tlohig tbg avhog wekxwg9 tbk} hc}l mlqgv} tbg chfgc} le he gr~ge}kqg avhog hed ~vltgmt} tbg ~hketplvi% Kt k} hc}vgolqhfcg# he{ `wei cgat lqgv avlo tbg th~g mhe fg vgolqgd pktb dg`vgh}gv% ]log "~hvtkmwchvc{ og}}ge`gv}+mlqgv tbgkv avhog} ke qke{c }tkmigv}% Tbk} clli} mllc fwt ok`bt elt fg tl gqgv{fld{ } th}tg% Kt bh} tbg }hog gaagth~ke`%

Akttke` owd`whvd} `kqg} h fkig h }ck`btc{ cg}} vhm{ h~~ghvhemg % Kt hc}l bgc~} ohig kt cg}} httvhmtkqg tl tbkgqg}%Thig clt} la ~bltl} la {lwv fkig % Tbk} pkcc bgc~ {lw kdgetka{ kt fgalvg vg~lvtke` h aked tl ~lckmg% Kt k} dkaakmw

mbgmi h }gvkhc ewofgv le h ~hvigd fkig# hed ~gvbh~} dhe`gvlw} tll# }l mle}kdgv ltbgv kdgh}# ckig igg~ke` h ~bltla tbg fkig } ~hket mbk~ ~httgve} le {lwv ~bleg alv h xwkmi mlo~hvk}le% Mbk~ ~httgve} hvg xwktg wekxwg hed tbkgqgvhvgc{ thig tbg tvlwfcg tl mlqgv tbgo%

Mcltbke`M{mcg }bl~} }gcc h pkdg vhe`g la mcltbke` }~gmkakmhcc{ dg}k`egd alv m{mck}t}%

Ke tbg }woogv {lw cc eggd tl pghv }blvt} hed h t/}bkvt% Tbg &pkmike`& t/}bkvt} }lcd ke fkig }bl~} hed olwethkegg}bl~} gtm% pkcc dvhp tbg }pght hph{ avlo {lw hed bgc~ igg~ {lw dv{% H ck`bt pked/mbghtgv k} bhed{ alv mlcologet}

Ke tbg pketgv {lw cc eggd fvghtbhfcg phtgv~vlla} / }logtbke` tbht igg~} tbg vhke laa fwt hc}l cgt} tbg }pght lwt#elvohc phtgv~vlla} pkcc jw}t tvh~ {lwv }pght hed ohig {lw aggc dho~%

M{mcg }blvt}: Hvg vghcc{ `lld alv m{mck}t}# fwt }log dle t ckig tbg clli% Tbg }gho} hvg }~gmkhcc{ ~chmgd tl mbhake` {lwv &}ge}ktkqg& vg`kle}# }logtkog} tbg{ bhqg ~hddke` tl }latge tbg vkdg% Tbg{ mhe fg ohdg la }~gpkmike` ohtgvkhc tl dvhp hph{ }pght hed igg~ {lw dv{% Tbg{ mhe fg plvtb pghvke` wedgv olvg mleqgetklehc mcltbg}alv h olvg mleqgetklehc clli%

Qk}kfkckt{Kt k} ko~lvthet tl fg h} qk}kfcg h} ~l}}kfcg pbge m{mcke`% Kt k} qgv{ gh}{ alv ltbgv vlhd w}gv} tl ahkc tl }gg h mtbg dhvi wetkc kt k} tll chtg%

Tbg vgacgmtlv} }w~~ckgd pktb {lwv fkig hvg h cg`hc okekowo vgxwkvgoget "ke tbg WI+ fwt tbg{ pkcc elt fg gelw`ge}wvg {lw hvg awcc{ qk}kfcg% Vgacgmtlv} ahkc alv o{vkhd vgh}le}/ }gg ]bgcdle Fvlpe } `wkdgY=_alv h ck}t % ^gdhcvgacgmtlv} tged tl plvi tbg fg}t# fgmhw}g tbg{ hvg ke oltkle ol}t la tbg tkog# vg}wctke` ke h &ach}bke`& gaagmt% vgacgmtlv} bgc~ tl ohig {lw qk}kfcg avlo }kdg le# hed ckig ~gdhc vgacgmtlv} hvg ke mle}thet oltkle% Dg}~ktg tbHm{mck}t bh} tl thig vg}~le}kfkckt{ alv tbgkv lpe qk}kfkckt{ % Ka tbg mhv tbht bkt} {lw bh} el bghdck`bt} tbge {lwvvgacgmtlv} ple t dl he{tbke`% Kt k} ko~lvthet tbht {lw akt avlet hed vghv ck`bt}% Ohe{ m{mck}t} hc}l htthmb grtvh tbgkv mcltbke`,bgcogt%

Dg}~ktg tbg ~vlfcgo} pktb fkig vgacgmtlv}# dle t fg tgo~tgd tl vgolqg tbgo# Tbg{ vg he ko~lvthet fhmi w~% Ohe{m{mck}t} htthmb grtvh vgacgmtlv} tl tbgkv fkig% Vgacgmtkqg th~g k} ~hvtkmwchvc{ w}gawc h} k} mhe fg pvh~avhog# twveke` tbg }wvahmg la tbg fkig ketl h vgacgmtlv pktb lwt hddke` he{ we}k`btc{ fkt} la ~ch}tkm hed oVgacgmtkqg mcltbke` k} hc}l vgmloogedgd% H pkdg vhe`g la vgacgmtkqg jhmigt}# fgct}# tvlw}gv mck~}# qghqhkchfcg ke m{mcg }bl~}% H mbgh~ hctgvehtkqg mhe fg tbg vgacgmtkqg thfhvd} plve f{ vlhd vg~hkv mvgp}%hqhkchfcg ke fwkcdgv} ogvmbhet} hed }blwcd fg mgvtkakgd tl fg kedw}tv{ }hagt{ }thedhvd}%
http://sheldonbrown.com/reflectors.html


9/118

@gegvhc ]hagt{ 1

Fgcc} hed blve}H fgcc lv blve "lv hole` Cledle m{mcg og}}ge`gv} he gchflvhtg pbk}tcg+ k} he g}}getkhc ~kgmg la }hagt{ gxwk~ogW}g kt tl phve ~gdg}tvkhe} la {lwv h~~vlhmb le }bhvgd ~htbph{}# lv ka tbg{ bhqg elt eltkmgd {lw pbge tbg{ hvmvl}}ke` tbg vlhd% Vke` {lwv fgcc alv h agp }gmled} fgalvg `lke` vlwed he{ fcked mlvegv}% Ka {lw m{mcg le tlp~htb} vke` tbg fgcc fgalvg hed pbkcg `lke` wedgv he{ fvkd`g}# h} tbg getvhemg tl ohe{ fvkd`g} "ke Cledle alv

grho~cg+ k} lf}mwvgd f{ h ikei ke tbg ~htb% Vgogofgv tbht fkm{mcg} dle t ohig he{ ge`keg elk}g }l {lw bhqg tl bgc~ltbgv} fgmlog hphvg la {lwv ~vg}gemg%

Ltbgv vlhd w}gv}Kt k} h }hd kegqkthfkckt{ la m{mcke` ke he wvfhe mgetvg tbht {lw pkcc mlog ke tl mleackmt pktb ltbgv vlhd w}gvvg`wchv m{mck}t} bhqg h cle` ck}t la grho~cg} la }tw~kdkt{ le tbg ~hvt la dvkqgv} tbht cghd tl h eghv ok}},mcl}g }b}ggoke`c{ wephvvhetgd h``vg}}kle avlo avw}tvhtgd oltlvk}t}% Tbg ko~lvthet tbke`} tl vgogofgv hvg:

Tbht {lw bhqg h} owmb la h vk`bt tl fg le tbg vlhd h} oltlvk}t}% Ka tbg{ mhe t ~h}} {lw }hagc{ tbg{ }blwcd phkt%

Dl elt vgthckhtg lv ~vlqlig h mleavlethtkle% [lw vg le h m{mcg hed tbg{ hvg ke h oltlv qgbkmcg% Gqge he

grh}~gvhtgd `g}twvg mhe ~vlqlig }log dvkqgv} ketl vlhd vh`g# hed tbht jw}t ohig} h fhd }ktwhtkle plv}g% ]htk}{lwv}gca pktb tbg ahmt tbht m{mcke` ke mktkg} k} xwkmigv# fgttgv alv {lwv bghctb# geqkvleogethcc{ avkgedc{ hhmtkqkt{% Ka {lw vghcc{ phet tl ohig {lwv qlkmg bghvd {lw mhe }gg ka {lwv mkt{ bh} h m{mck}t } h}}lmkhtkle# jlke h fkig vkdg lv`hek}gd f{ tbg ~vltg}t `vlw~ Mvktkmhc Oh}}%

Tv{ tl ohig g{g mlethmt pktb dvkqgv} ht jwemtkle}# gtm%# tbk} vghcc{ bgc~} tl ge}wvg tbg dvkqgv bh} }gge {lw%pbl bh} }gge {lw hed pbl bh}e t cgt} {lw hetkmk~htg pbge }logleg oh{ ~wcc ke avlet la {lw%

Ka tbgvg k} h fkig ~htb hvlwed# w}g kt ke}tghd alv h olvg ~ghmgawc mloowtg%

]gg Hc}l

Hdjw}tke` Vko Fvhig}

Vgagvgemg}Y8_ ]h`g OD "Dgmgofgv 67# 8;27+% &Ahthc kejwvkg} tl fkm{mcg vkdgv} ke Hwmiched&% EZ Ogd J ;2 "0;=+%Y6_ btt~:, , ppp% dkvgmt% `lq% wi, ge, TvhqgcHedTvhe}~lvt, Bk`bph{mldg, M{mck}t}, kedgr% btoY=_ btt~:, , }bgcdlefvlpe% mlo, vgacgmtlv}% btoc

Grtgvehc Ckei} btt~:, , ppp% }bgcdlefvlpe% mlo / H bw`g }ktg pktb clt} la }hagt{# ohketgehemg hed awe tk~}# ke/dg~tb fkig bk}tlv{

mhtg`lvkg}% H vkmb }gho la m{mcke` kealvohtkle% btt~:, , ppp% cmm% lv`% wi, / Tbg pgf}ktg la tbg Cledle M{mcke` Mho~hk`e% Awcc la kealvohtkle alv m{mck}t} ke

Cledle hed fg{led

btt~:, , ppp% vg}lehemgao% mlo, / h Cledle vhdkl }thtkle pktb h pggic{ fkig }blp% 82:=> Oledh{

btt~:, , ppp% dkvgmt% `lq% wi, ge, TvhqgcHedTvhe}~lvt, Bk`bph{/mldg, M{mck}t}, kedgr% bto / Tbg Bk`bph{ Mldg"WI tvhaakm chp}+ h} kt haagmt} m{mck}t}

btt~:, , ppp% mtm% lv`% wi, / MTM / &tbg WI } ehtklehc m{mck}t} lv`hek}htkle&

btt~:, , ppp% fkigalvwo}%egt, hed btt~:, , ppp% m{mcke`alvwo}% mlo, / M{mcg dk}mw}}kle pgf}ktg}# mlqgv ohe{tl~km} hed }t{cg} la pvktke`

btt~:, , ck}t}%tl~kmh% mlo, ck}t}, wvfhem{mck}t/wi,


10/118

Pbht }t{cg 0

Pbht }t{cg

H Mvl}}/mlwetv{ olwethke fkig

Pbge {lw phci ketl h fkig }bl~ {lw }gg h bw`g vhe`g la dkaagvget}t{cg} la fkm{mcg}% Tbgvg oh{ fg fkig} pktb gelvolw} }w}~ge}kle}{}tgo}# ckttcg tbke`} pktb vkffle} }tkmike` lwt# fkig} tbht hvg ck`btpktb qgv{ tbke pbggc}# hed fk` ole}tgv} {lw tbkei Ike` Ile`mlwcde t ckat% Tbgvg hvg tbvgg ohke t{~g} la fkm{mcg} {lw cc }gg ke{lwv clmhc fkig }bl~//olwethke fkig}# vlhd fkig} hed ikd} fkig}%

Olwethke fkig} hvg w}whcc{ tbg fk``gv fkig} pktb pkdgv fwt }ohccgvdkhogtgv pbggc}% H} ltbgv fkig} tbg{ mlog ke ohe{ qhvkgtkg}%Mvl}}/mlwetv{ olwethke fkig} hvg fkig} tbg ck`btg}t pgk`bt oldgveolwethke fkig}# pktb lec{ avlet }blmi} lv pktb clp tvhqgc awcc}w}~ge}kle9 tbg ketgedgd w}g fgke` vkdke` cle` dk}themg} lqgv we~hqgd ~htb} tbvlw`b ogdkwo tgvvhke# ckig bkikh fkm{mcg% Alv olvg h``vg}}kqg olwethke fkigv}# hcc/olwethke# avggvkdg# lv dlpebkcc olwethke fkig} grk}t% Tb

alv `lke` dlpe }tgg~ }cl~g} ht bk`b }~ggd}# lqgv fk` dvl~}% Tbg{ hvg grtvgogc{ }tvle`# fwt bghq{# hed elt dg}k`egdtl fg ~gdhcgd alv owmb dk}themg% Ke ohe{ ~chmg} tbg{ hvg thige w~ }ik ckat} ke tbg }woogv# lv dvkqge whwtlolfkcg# hed lec{ vkddge dlpe bkcc%

Vlhd fkig} hvg dg}k`egd alv vlhd vkdke` h} h }~lvt% Tbg{ hvg }wktgd alv }~ggd hed gaakmkgem{% Alv grho~cg#tkvg} mwt dlpe le vlccke` vg}k}themg hed tbg wctvh ck`bt avhog} hcclp vkdgv} tl vghmb }log hohzke` }~ggd} pktbcgh}t gaalvt%

[lw ok`bt }gg m{mclmvl}} fkig}# pbkmb hvg }kokchv tl vlhd fkig} ke `glogtv{# fwt hvg fwkct tl thig chv`gv tkvg} hevkddge laa/vlhd% Latge# tbgvg hvg }g~hvhtg fvhig cgqgv} le tbg tl~} la tbg vlhd bhedcgfhv}%

Tbgvg hvg ohe{ t{~g} la fkm{mcg hqhkchfcg% Mbll}ke` tbg fkm{mcg tbht akt} {lwv eggd} k} he ko~lvthet akv}tgejl{ke` {lwv m{mcke` gr~gvkgemg% Tbk} mbh~tgv hko} tl pgk`b tbg ~vl} hed mle} la }log m{mcg}%

Vlhd fkike`

H vhmke` fkm{mcg

^vl}:

Vlhd} hvg gh}kc{ hmmg}}kfcg% ]~ggd} mhe vghmb pgcc ke grmg}} la 4>I B% Mhe fg ohdg gh}{ lv bhvd "ka {lw vkdg cle` lv ah}t lv thig bkcc}+% Mhe fg qgv{ gejl{hfcg hed grbkchvhtke`% Fwve} clt} hed clt} la mhclvkg} hed kemvgh}g} ~b{}kmhc akteg}}%

Mle}:

Mhe fg dwcc# vk`lvlw} hed }pght{% Tvhaakm vgxwkvg} fgke` hphvg la }ktwhtkle} hed w}ke` }hag }ikcc}% Ah}t vkdke` hed dg}mgedke` vgxwkvg }ikcc% Getv{/cgqgc vlhd fkig} tged tl ml}t olvg tbhe getv{/cgqgc

olwethke lv &b{fvkd& fkig}%

Mvh}bg} ht bk`b/}~ggd hvg qgv{ dhe`gvlw}%
http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AKusuma_bike_large.jpghttp://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMarin_bike.jpg


11/118

Pbht }t{cg 2

Mvl}}/mlwetv{ Olwethke Fkike`^vl}:

Qgv{ mbhccge`ke` Qgv{ lld grgvmk}g% ]mgegv{ k} w}whcc{ fgttgv tbhe vlhd fkike`% Ahmkcktkg} hed Tvhkc} hmmg}}kfcg%Mle}:

Bhvd% Mhe fg tkvke`% ]olltb vkdg k} h jlig Ahmkcktkg} elt h} gh}kc{ hmmg}}kfcg h} vlhd fkike`% Hc}l dhe`gvlw}(

Tbk} t{~g la vkdke` k} alv dkg/bhvd kedkqkdwhc}# hed ~gl~cg pbl ckig bkike`%

Avggvkdg Olwethke Fkike`^vl}:

Kemvgh}ke`c{ ~l~wchv% Ka {lw ckig }ikke`%%% Ah}t% @lke` laa jwo~} k} he grbkchvhtke` gr~gvkgemg "lemg {lw `gt w}gd tl kt+% Ahkvc{ mbhccge`ke`% Tvwmiclhd la awe% ]hag ka vkdgv k} pghvke` fld{ hvolv%

[lw mhe dl fk` tvkmi} ke tbk} t{~g la vkdke`%Mle}:

Bk`bc{ Dhe`gvlw} ka vkdgv k} elt pghvke` fld{ hvolv% ]mhv{ ht akv}t% Bhvd tl hmmg}}% Elt lld grgvmk}g% Gr~ge}kqg%

Ke }cl~g}t{cg# vkdgv} mhe ~gvalvo tvkmi}% Alv dhvgdgqkc} pktb clt} la oleg{ hed bghctb ke}wvhemg%


12/118

Pbht }t{cg ;

Vgmwofget Fkig}

Tpl vgmwofget fkm{mcg}

^vl}:

Mloalvthfcg% Tbg ah}tg}t la hcc fkm{mcg }t{cg}Y8_% Grmgccget grgvmk}g% Mhe vkdg cle`gv dk}themg} ke mloalvt% Pktb ~vl~gv `ghvke`# mhe mckof bkcc} gh}kc{%

Mle}:

Elt kdghc alv vkdke` ke wvfhe mledktkle} dwg tl clpvkdke` ~l}ktkle% Mhv} oh{ bhqg tvlwfcg }ggke` {lw%

Vgmwofget fkm{mcg} tged tl fg olvg gr~ge}kqgfgmhw}g tbg{ hvg elt oh}} ~vldwmgd%

Vgmwofget} tged tl fg bhvdgv tl aked alv tg}t vkdg}% Olvg }ikcc eggdgd tl fhchemg "wecg}} {lw vg vkdke` h

vgmwofget tvkig(+% Elt h} pgcc wedgv}tlld f{ fkig ogmbhekm} hed

}bl~}% Mckofke` bkcc} mhe fg olvg dkaakmwct ka leg k} w}gd tl

}thedke` w~ laa tbg ~gdhc} tl mckof ke he ko~vl~gvc{bk`b `ghv le h dkholed avhog fkm{mcg# hctblw`bgrtvh cgqgvh`g mhe fg `hkegd f{ ~w}bke` h`hke}t tbgfhmi la tbg }ght% H} eltgd ke hdqheth`g}# tbk} k} elthe k}}wg pktb ~vl~gv `ghvke`%

Vgagvgemg}Y8_ btt~:, , ppp% bgc}keik% ak, utckedge, pkealvf% btoc
http://www.helsinki.fi/~tlinden/winforb.htmlhttp://www.helsinki.fi/~tlinden/winforb.htmlhttp://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AJersey_Town_Criterium_2010_recumbent_059.jpg


13/118

8>

Fkig @ghv hed ^hvt}

Gxwk~oget hed Hmmg}}lvkg}^hvt} Avhog} Pbggc}

Bwf} ]~lig} Vko}

Fvhig}

Dvkqg mbhke Mvhei}gt} "kemcwdke` mbhkevke`} hed mvhei}# fwt elt flttlo fvhmigt}+ Fkm{mcg},Gxwk~oget hed Hmmg}}lvkg},Flttlo Fvhmigt} Dgvhkccgwv} Mbhke}

^gdhc}

Hmmg}}lvkg} Agedgv}

Ck`bt} Mcltbke`

Pketgv vkdke` ghv Tlwvke` Gxwk~oget

Fh`} Vhmi} ^heekgv}
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Mvhei}gt} 88

Mvhei}gt}Mvhei}gt} mlo~vk}g tbg mbhkevke`} hed mvhei}# hed }logtkog} tbg flttlo fvhmigt9 egqgv tbg ~gdhc}%

Tbgvg hvg tbvgg ohke mhtg`lvkg} la mvhei}gt}# dg~gedke` le blp tbg mbhkevke`} hvg mleegmtgd tl tbg mvhei}% Atbg mbgh~g}t mvhei}gt} hvg ohdg ke leg ~kgmg# pktb tbg mbhkevke`}pgcdgd tl tbg mvhei}% Olvg gr~ge}kqg hedbk`bgv/xwhckt{ leg} hvg flctgd le pktb gktbgv alwv lv akqg flct}%

Eltg} tl fg kemlv~lvhtgd ke tbk} ~h`g ]log qgv{ gr~ge}kqg mvhei}gt} hvg leg ~kgmg% Pbht tl clli alv pbge fw{ke` mvhei} hed,lv mbhkevke`}%

Agedgv}

Agedgv}# hc}l ielpe h} owd`whvd} ke }log Ge`ck}b/}~ghike` mlwetvkg}# hvg h qgv{ w}gawc hmmg}}lv{ alv vkdke` kpghtbgv% Tbg{ fclmi }~vh{ avlo tbg vlhd# ~vgqgetke` h clt la phtgv hed dkvt avlo bkttke` {lw hed {lwv fkm{mcg% Tohig} vkdke` olvg mloalvthfcg hed vgdwmg} tbg holwet la `vkt tbht `gt} ke fghvke`}# gtm%# kemvgh}ke` mlo~leckagtkog% Chv`g awcc mlqgvh`g agedgv} ~vlqkdg tbg fg}t ~gvalvohemg% ]ohccgv# }blvtgv agedgv} mhe fg gh}kgvfwt pkcc fclmi cg}} }~vh{ avlo tbg vlhd% Agedgv} mlog ke dkaagvget }kzg} alv dkaagvget }kzg pbggc}% Le }log pktb ckttcg mcghvhemg fgtpgge tbg avhog hed tkvg}# akttke` agedgv} mhe fg dkaakmwct%

Avhog}
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Ck`bt} 86

Ck`bt}Ck`bt} hvg he g}}getkhc m{mcke` hmmg}}lv{ hed he{ m{mck}t tbht ketged} tl vkdg ke dko ck`btke` mledktkle}# pghtbgv }wmb h} al` lv vhke }blwcd elt mle}kdgv vkdke` pktblwt ck`bt}%

Pb{ w}g ck`bt}+ ]VHO @vk~}bkat =%> mlo~ Mhfcg Vg~chmgoget

]w}~ge}kle

Avlet }w}~ge}kle cwfvkmhtkleTllc} ! }w~~ckg}Pbggc} ! Tkvg}

Akrke` h acht "HIH h ~wemtwvg+ Keachtke` Tkvg} Tvwke` h pbggc "hdjw}tke` vko} }l tbht tbg{ dle t h~~ghv tl plffcg h} tbg pbggc} }~ke+
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Flttlo Fvhmigt} 80

Flttlo Fvhmigt}

]gg Hc}l Flttlo fvhmigt lqgvbhwc

Flttlo fvhmigt lqgvbhwc

Kdgetka{ flttlo fvhmigt t{~g

Mw~ hed mleg FF }blpke` clmivke` hed

hdjw}thfcg mw~%

Mhvtvkd`g FF }blpke` }~ckegd mw~%

Tbgvg hvg tpl ohke flttlo fvhmigt t{~g}% Olvg mloole le lcdgvfkig} k} tbg mw~ hed mleg }t{cg }blpe tl tbg cgat% Le oldgve fkig} tbgol}t mloole k} tbg }ghcgd mhvtvkd`g fghvke` }blpe tl tbg vk`bt% Tbggh}kg}t ph{ tl kdgetka{ pbkmb {lw bhqg k} tl clli ht tbg flttlo fvhmigt

le tbg ele/dvkqg }kdg la tbg fkig% H mw~ hed mleg flttlo fvhmigt pkccbhqg h clmivke` hed hdjw}thfcg mw~% H mhvtvkd`g pkcc jw}t bhqg h mwpktb h }~ckegd ketgvahmg%

Alv h dgthkcgd hehc{}k} la tbg qhv{ke` t{~g} la flttlo fvhmigt }gg tbg

Pkik~gdkh hvtkmcg%

Mhvtvkd`g

H mhvtvkd`g flttlo fvhmigt k} h }ghcgd wekt hed lemg plve lwt tbgpblcg tbke` k} vg~chmgd%

Mhvtvkd`g flttlo fvhmigt vg~chmgoget:

8%8% Vgolqg fltb mvhei hvo}6% W}g h flttlo fvhmigt tllc tl vgolqg lcd wekt% Vgogofgv ol}t

oldgve fkig} w}g Ge`ck}b tbvghd} }l tbg dvkqg }kdg mw~ pkcc fgvgqgv}g tbvghdgd hed we}mvgp} mclmipk}g%

=%=% Mcghe flttlo fvhmigt tbvghd} ke avhog pktb dg`vgh}gv hed vh`%4%4% H~~c{ `vgh}g tl tbg avhog tbvghd} hed flttlo fvhmigt tbvghd}%7%7% Ke}gvt tbg flttlo fvhmigt ketl tbg avhog% Ohig }wvg kt k} lvkgetgd

mlvvgmtc{# cgat hed vk`bt }blwcd fg ohvigd le tbg }bgcc% T{~kmhcc{ tbg

dvkqg }kdg mw~ pkcc fg akrgd tl tbg }bgcc hed bhqg h vhk}gd ache`g%Thig mhvg pbge tbvghdke` tbg flttlo fvhmigt ketl tbg avhog# kt k}gh}{ tl mvl}} tbvghd% Ka tbg mw~ bh} h vhk}gd ache`g tk`btge wetkc tbgache`g k} tk`bt h`hke}t tbg avhog%

1%1% Akt tbg ltbgv mw~ h`hke thike` mhvg tl hqlkd mvl}} tbvghdke`% Tk`btgewetkc kt k} tk`bt h`hke}t tbg }bgcc%

0%0% Vgke}thcc mvhei}%
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Flttlo fvhmigt lqgvbhwc 82

Mw~ hed mlegVgolqg tbg clmi vke` la tbg hdjw}thfcg "cgat }kdg+ mw~% Tbgvg hvg }gqgvhc ph{} tl dl tbk}# tbg fg}t la pbkmb k} tchv`g ]w`kel lv Mho~hèlcl "lv gxwkqhcget+ clmivke` }~heegv# pbkmb clli} ckig h mwvqgd ake`gv tbht akt} hvlwedclmivke` pktb h bheèhkc tbht `lg} ketl tbg clmivke` }clt% Ke h ~kemb# he hdjw}thfcg ~ke }~heegv mhe hc}l fg w}gd ttbg clmi vke`% Tbg dkvgmtkle tl twve dg~ged} w~le tbg }t{cg la hdjw}thfcg mw~9 Ge`ck}b,Avgemb# Kthckhe# lv ]pk

Tbgvg hvg h agp t{~g} la hdjw}thfcg mw~: Leg t{~g bh} blcg} ke kt dg}kègd alv h ~ke }~heegv tl we}mvgp% Tbclli} ckig h `khet ~hkv la tpggzgv} pktb leg ~ke le ghmb the`% H ~kmtwvg la tbk} mhe fg }gge bgvg btt~:, , ppp%}bgcdlefvlpe%mlo, tllctk~}, koh`g}, fftllc}7%j~` Tbg ltbgv t{~g clli} ckig he hdjw}thfcg }~heegv plwcd akt# fwt ke~vhmtkmg h mbk}gc hed h ohccgt k} latge tbg lec{ ph{ tl twve kt vlwed hed lwt%

Lemg tbg cgat mw~ k} lwt# vgolqg tbg fhcc fghvke`} "w}whcc{ ke h vgthkegv+ hed tbg flttlo fvhmigt }~kedcg# hed tbvk`bt }kdg fghvke`}% Eltg pbkmb ph{ tbg vgthkegv mlog} lwt hed fg }wvg tl vg~chmg kt tbg }hog ph{ vlwed% Kt egmg}}hv{ tl vgolqg tbg akrgd mw~ lqgv le tbg vk`bt bhed }kdg# hed fgmhw}g la tbg dkaakmwct{ hed mbhemg la dhotbg akrgd mw~ acht}# vgolqhc k} elt vgmloogedgd ka {lw phet tl igg~ kt%

Mcghe hcc fghvke` }wvahmg} w}ke` PD/4> ~gegtvhtke` }lcqget tl dk}}lcqg mle`ghcgd `vgh}g% Ke}~gmt alv ~kt} hed

hed vg~chmg he{ ~kttgd mw~} lv h ~kttgd }~kedcg% Vgolqg kedkqkdwhc fhcc} avlo tbg vgthkegv hed mcghe tbfgalvg vg~chmke` tbgo%

@vgh}g tbg mw~} hed fghvke`} ckfgvhcc{% ^bkc Plld `vgh}g lv ^hvi Tllc} `vgh}g k} h `lld mloogvmkhc `vgh}g alv~wv~l}g% W}g ml~~gv `vgh}g LEC[ le tbg }mvgp/tbvghd} hed vgke}thcc tbg vk`bt }kdg fghvke`} hed flttlo fvhm}~kedcg% Ka tbg }~kedcg k} h}{oogtvkm fg }wvg tl lvkget tbg cle`gv }kdg la tbg }~kedcg le tbg vk`bt "dvkqg }kdgfkig% ^chmg cgat }kdg fghvke`} ketl tbg mw~ hed `getc{ }mvgp tbg mw~ fhmi letl tbg avhog% Dl elt alvmg( Kt k} }tvk~ lv alwc tbg flttlo fvhmigt tbvghd} f{ ok}thig% Mletkewg }mvgpke` pktb tbg ~ke tllc "lv hdjw}thfcg }~heegv+ letbg mw~ `gt} dgg~ ketl tbg flttlo fvhmigt }bgcc%

Pbge tbg flttlo fvhmigt aggc} tk`bt# mbgmi alv ~ch{ f{ `vh}~ke` tbg }~kedcg hed {heike` ke hed lwt le tbg }~kedcghed ck}tgeke` , aggcke` alv ~ch{% Kt k} fgttgv tl fg h ckttcg fkt tll tk`bt tbhe tll cll}g% Pbge tbg clmivke` k} }gmwv~ch{ pkcc kemvgh}g gqgv }l }ck`btc{% Pbge hcc tbg ~ch{ k} vgolqgd# tbvghd le tbg clmivke` hed tk`btge pktb clm}~heegv "bgvg# h ~ke }~heegv mheelt ~vlqkdg gelw`b alvmg tl }gmwvg tbg clmivke` ~gvohegetc{%+ Tk`btge tbg clmwetkc kt mhe `l el awvtbgv%

]{o~tlo} la h flttlo fvhmigt eggdke` lqgvbhwc Ck}tge tl {lwv fkig# hed thig eltkmg la pbht kt aggc}ckig# pbge {lw hvg vkdke`% Tbvlw`b {lwv aggt# qkh tbg ~gdhc}# {lwmhe dkhèl}g ohe{ ~lpgv/dvkqg/vgchtgd ~vlfcgo}# kemcwdke` pbgtbgv tbg flttlo fvhmigt k} ke eggd la ohketgehemg%

Ka {lw mhe bghv lv aggc h ~gvkldkm "k%g% lemg ~gv mvhei vgqlcwtkle+ mvghi lv tkmike` elk}g pbge tbg }{}tgo k} lv gqge elvohc clhd# kt mlwcd fg tkog tl vg`vgh}g lv vg~chmg tbg flttlo fvhmigt% Tbg mvghi# mckmi# lv vlw`b ag

w}whcc{ lmmwv} h} tbg mvhei hvo} ~h}} tbvlw`b leg ~hvtkmwchv ~lket ke tbgkv m{mcg9 ka kt dlg}# tbge {lw bhqpktb gktbgv tbg flttlo fvhmigt lv ~l}}kfc{ tbg ~gdhc} tbgo}gcqg} "mbgmi tbk} chttgv }ko~c{ f{ }~keeke` tbg ~gdhc} p{lwv bhed9 tbg{ }blwcd }~ke avggc{+% Tbg mvghike` ke tbg flttlo fvhmigt mhe fg mhw}gd f{ tbg le/}gt la mlvvl}kle tl avgxwget gr~l}wvg la tbk} ~hvt la tbg fkig tl phtgv hed dkvt+%

Alv tlthc mleakvohtkle la h plve flttlo fvhmigt# vgolqg tbg mvhei hvo} hed }~ke tbg }~kedcg f{ bhed9 {lw pkccxwkmic{ fg hfcg tl tgcc ka kt k} ke eggd la ohketgehemg lv vg~chmgoget%
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22/118

Flttlo fvhmigt lqgvbhwc 8;

Fgphvg la dhoh`ke` tbg tbvghd} ke tbg avhog@vght mhvg hed mcgheckeg}} k} egmg}}hv{ tl ~vltgmt tbg tbvghd la tbg flttlo fvhmigt ke tbg avhog% Tbk} k} tbg lela tbg pblcg fkm{mcg tbht k} qwcegvhfcg tl &pghvke` lwt }logtkog} f{ vweeke` ke h cll}gegd mledktkle% Lv# ~gvolvg mloolec{# fg dhoh`gd fg{led vg~hkv f{ mhvgcg}}eg}} "g` mvl}}/tbvghdke`+ ke tbg plvi}bl~% Tbg mloole~vhmtkmg la tk`btgeke` tbg clmike` vke` pktb h bhoogv hed mbk}gc pkcc dhoh`g tbg vke` "el `vght ~vlfcgo# kt

vg~chmghfcg+ fwt k} hc}l kegaagmtkqg ke ~vlqkdke` }waakmkget tlvxwg%

Grtgvehc Ckei} btt~:, , ppp% }offghvke`}% mlo, FF\FV@]% bto H blp/tl `wkdg tl vg~chmke` flttlo fvhmigt mhvtvkd`g fghvke`}#

avlo ]OF Fghvke`} Ctd% ^hvi Tllc Ml% Mhvtvkd`g Fghvke` T{~g Flttlo Fvhmigt ]gvqkmg @wkdgY8_ H pledgvawc `wkdg tl flttlo fvhmigt

ohketgehemg avlo leg la tbg fg}t tllc mlo~hekg} lwt tbgvg%

Vgagvgemg}Y8_ btt~:, , ppp% ~hvitllc% mlo, vg~hkv, vghdblptl% h}~


23/118

Fvhig} 6>

H mgetgv/~wcc fvhig%

]gg Hc}l

Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`} Hdjw}tke` fvhig} Mlh}tgv fvhig}
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Hdjw}tke` Vko Fvhig}

Ak` 8% T{~kmhc Fvhig Dgthkc}H% Mhfcg Blw}ke`%F% Blw}ke` Ged Agvvwcg%M% Mhfcg @wkdg%D% Blw}ke` Dgtget%

G% Vwffgv Elldcg%A% Mhfcg Mcho~%@% Mhfcg Thkc%B% Mhfcg Mh~%K% Fvhig HvoJ% Fvhig Fclmi "^hd+%I% Fclmi ]gttke` ]mvgp%C% Hvo Olwetke` Flct%

Vko fvhig} le fkm{mcg} hvg }ko~cg tl hdjw}t # hed tbg tgvovko k} w}gd tl dk}tke`wk}b tbgo avlobwf fvhig} % Vkofvhig} kemcwdg hcc fvhig dg}k`e} tbht dg~ged le w}ke` fvhig ~hd} tl mcl}g le tbg vko} la h fkm{mcg } pbggc}% fvhig ~hvt} alv tbg ol}t mloole mleak`wvhtkle hvg kdgetkakgd ke Ak`wvg} 8 hed 6%

Hctblw`b fvhig} hvg w}whcc{ ohedhtlv{ le fkm{mcg}# tbg chp} hed vwcg} alv fvhig ~gvalvohemg qhv{# hed }mlwetvkg}# pbkcg ohike` chp alvegp fkm{mcg}# " ht tbg ~lket la }hcg +# bhqg agp }~gmkakmhtkle} alv tbg l~gvhtkle fkm{mcg}hatgv tbht ~lket% Fkig vkdgv} hvg hdqk}gd tl w}g tbg }lwvmg} la chp tbht h~~c{ ke tbgkvlpe mlwetvkg}# fwt pbgvgtbg vwcg} tbgvg hvg kemlo~cgtg lv wemcghv# tbg{ hvg hdqk}gd tl w}g he{ ~lket la }hcg }~gmkakmhtkle} tbht hvg hqhkchfcg%Fgmhw}g tbg ohttgv ok`bt tbge }tkcc fg wemcghv ke }log mlwetvkg}# h thfcg fgclp vg~ght} tbg fvhike` dk}themgFvktk}b ]thedhvd F]18>6,8 alvegp fkm{mcg}%

Fkig }bl~} mhe ~gvalvo he{ ewofgv la th}i} alv tbg fkm{mcg lpegv# fwt tbg fh}km fvhig hdjw}toget} hvg gh}{ tl dl al{lwv}gca% Ht tbg }ko~cg}t cgqgc tbg{ mle}k}t la }mvgp hdjw}toget} le tbg bhedcgfhv}# pbkcg ielpke` pbht `h~} {ketged tl ~vldwmg% Ht ltbgv tkog}# "vhvgc{+# tbg mhfcg cge`tb eggd} tl fg mbhe`gd# fwt tbk} tll mhe fg dleg f{ he{fpktb h ~vhmtkmhc cgheke`% Kt k} ~gvbh~} pbge tbg mleqgetklehc hdjw}toget} ahkc tl }lcqg tbg ~vlfcgo tbht ol}t ~gvg}lvt tl }wmb ~h`g} tl cghve olvg% Tbk} ~h`g kemcwdg} h }gcgmtkle la tbg ol}t mloole mleaw}kle} alv fvhihdjw}toget hed gr~chke} blp tl mlvvgmt tbgo%

Fghv ke oked tbht tbg fg}t ph{ tl cghve tbg hdjw}toget la fvhig} k} tl fg }blpe f{ }logfld{ pbkcg kt k} fgke` dleg9ke tbk} ph{ owmb la tbg o{}tgv{ qhek}bg}% Tbg egrt fg}t ph{ k} tl alcclp h ahkvc{ }tlckd dg}mvk~tkle la tbg }lvt fgched hctblw`b kt chmi} ketgvhmtkle# }blwcd ht cgh}t cghqg tbg vghdgv fgttgv kealvogd tbhe pbge bg }thvtgd%
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^vgckokehvkg}

Ak` 6% T{~kmhc Fvhig Cgqgv Dgthkc}H% Fvhig Mhfcg Blw}ke`%F% Fvhig Fhvvgc Hdjw}tgv%M% Hdjw}tgv Clmike` Vke

D% Fvhig Cgqgv%

Mle}kdgv tbg}g agp tbke`} fgalvgmhvv{ke` lwt fvhig hdjw}toget}% Dlke`}l ok`bt }hqg tkog ke tbg cle` vwe:

K} h awcc hdjw}toget vghcc{eggdgd< Fgalvg dlke` he{gchflvhtg fvhig hdjw}toget} ktk} h `lld kdgh tl dgmkdgpbgtbgv lv elt h }ko~cg fhvvgchdjw}toget ok`bt akr kt% Ka {lw jw}t eggd h }ck`bt `h~hdjw}toget lv tl fhchemg tbgfvhig hvo} vgagv tlAkegHdjw}toget} Y8_fgclp%

Ohig }wvg tbht tbg pbggc}hvg mlvvgmtc{ }gt% Tbg pbggc}}blwcd fg awcc{ ge`h`gd ke tbg dvl~lwt} hed mgetgvgd ke tbg pbggc hvmbg} ka fvhig fhchemke` k} tl plvi%tbg{ hvg elt mgetgvgd# tbge tbk} ok`bt fg {lwv ~vlfcgo h} l~~l}gd tl tbg fvhig} tbgo}gcqg}9 }l mlvvgmt tbgohttgv akv}t%

Keachtg tbg tkvg} akv}t%Fgalvg hdjw}tke` tbg fvhig}# ohig }wvg tbht tbg tkvg} hvg ~vl~gvc{ keachtgd# }kemg atkvg} pkcc haagmt tbg vg}wct}% Fgckgqg kt lv elt# ogthc vko} mhe olqg h} tkvg ~vg}}wvg} mbhe`g%

^vg}gt tbg fhvvgc hdjw}tgv} % Fgalvg }thvtke` he{ mhfcg cge`tb hdjw}toget}# akv}t }gt tbg fvhig cgqgv} fhvvghdjw}tgv} }l tbht tbg{ hvglwt f{ tpl awcc twve} # ke}tghd la fgke` tk`btgegd hcc tbg ph{ ke% Tbk} hcclp} }log

akeg hdjw}toget kefltb dkvgmtkle} ht he{ }th`g# hed pkcc hcclp tbg mhfcg tl fg }chmigegd gelw`b tl vgcgh}gtbg pbggc avlo tbg fvhig fclmi} pbge egmg}}hv{%

Mbgmi tbht tbg vko} hvg mcghe % Vgolqg he{ dkvt hed lkc avlo tbg vko}# hed ka egmg}}hv{ mcghe tbgo pktbdgtgv`get hed pkvg pllc# fgke` mhvgawc tl hqlkd tbg vwffgv la tbg tkvg}%

Mbgmi tbg fvhig fclmi} alv pghv % Ohig }wvg tbht tbg fvhig fclmi mlethmt hvgh} bhqg elt fgge fhdc{vgdwmgd% Ka tbg }wvahmg `vllqg} le tbg fclmi} bhqg fgge vgolqgd f{ pghv# tbge vg~chmke` tbgo pkcc ko~vfvhike` `vghtc{% Pbge vg~chmke` tbgo fg }wvg tl vg~chmg fltb ht tbg }hog tkog%

Tbg awcc hdjw}toget ~vlmgdwvg k} }woohvkzgd fgclp fwt kt }blwcd fg go~bh}kzgd tbht }ck`bt hdjw}toget} ok`bt }ltbg ~vlfcgo% Ke he{ mh}g# kt k} xwktg w}whc tl vg~ght fhchemke` ht qhvklw} }th`g} tbvlw`blwt tbg hdjw}toget%

^l}ktkle ghmb fvhig fclmi }l tbht kt ~vg}}g}mcghec{letl kt} pbggc vko% ]gt tbg fvhig mhfcg cge`tb tl vlw`bc{ g}thfck}b tbg fvhig fclmi} mcghvhemg%

Hdjw}t tbg fvhig/hvo fhchemg }mvgp} }l tbht fltb fclmi} mcl}g letl tbg vko}tl`gtbgv %

Akeg/hdjw}t tbg bhedcgfhv fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv alv tbg vgxwkvgd fvhig ~gvalvohemg%

Tg}t tbg fvhig} fltb laa hed le tbg vlhd%

Tbg}g hflqg ~lket} hvg hcc dg}mvkfgd ke }log dgthkc ke tbg tgrt tbht alcclp}%
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Hdjw}tke` Vko Fvhig} 6=

Fvhig Fclmi Hckèoget

Ak` =% Fclmi Hckèoget% Eltg tbg dkvgmtkle la 'tlgke`/ke %

Tbg fvhig fclmi} eggd tl fg hckègd pktb tbg ogthc vko} % Vgagv tlAk`} 8 hed =% Tbg cghdke` gd`g la ghmb fclmi }blwcd fg }ck`btc{ mcl}gvtl tbg vko tbhe kt} tvhkcke` gd`g% Tbk} ~vgqget} fvhig }xwghcke` hed k}mhccgd &tlgke`/ke&% W}g h mlke# h mvgdkt mhvd# lv he{ ltbgv tbke ohtgvkhcwedgv tbg fhmi ged la tbg fclmi pbkcg hdjw}tke` kt% ]log }w``g}t t{ke`he gch}tkm fhed tgo~lvhvkc{ tl tbg tvhkcke` ged la tbg fclmi tl hcclpolvg avggdlo pbkcg plvike`%

Tl ohig tbg hdjw}toget# }chmige tbg }mvgp tbht blcd} tbg fclmi%W}whcc{ h 7oo bgr pvgemb k} w}gd% ]pke` tbg fvhig hvo ke }l tbht tbgfclmi k} ~vg}}gd }xwhvgc{ h`hke}t tbg ogthc vko# hed tbge vg/tk`btge ktpbkcg blcdke` tbg fclmi bhvd pktb {lwv &tlgke`/ke& dgqkmg ke ~chmg%Hqlkd tbg vwffgv la tbg pbggc9 tbg fclmi }blwcd mlethmt lec{ tbg vko%Tbg fclmi }blwcd fg ~hvhccgc tl tbg vko# eltke` tbht }log fclmi} hvg

mwvqgd tl akt kt} }bh~g% Dl leg fclmi ht h tkog# hed jw}t cgt ghmb hvovgchr hatgv tbg fclmi k} }gt% Ka tbgvg k} ke}waakmkget mcghvhemg tl plvi lvka {lw ketged hdjw}tke` tbg mhfcg cge`tb chtgv ke he{ mh}g# tbge webllitbg mhfcg fvkd`g "Ak`wvg 8# D+ lv wedl tbg mhfcg mcho~ "Ak`wvg 8# A+ fgalvg mhvv{ke` lwt tbg plvi%

Fclmi Mcghvhemg

Dgmkdg pbgtbgv lv elt tbg fclmi mcghvhemg k} mlvvgmt f{ tv{ke` tbg aggc la tbg fvhig cgqgv % "Ak`wvg 6# D+% Tbgfvhig }blwcd aggc vg}~le}kqg pktblwt tll owmb bhedfvhig }chmi ~vklv tl tbg }thvt la fvhike`% ]log olwethke fkigQ/fvhig} ok`bt eggd lec{ h 8oo `h~# pbkcg ohe{ ltbgv fvhig} eggd hflwt 6oo% Ka ke dlwft# vgagv tl {lwv fkm{mcg

bhedflli% Ka h}kèkakmhet hdjw}toget k} eggdgd# vg}gttke` tbg mhfcg cge`tb }blwcd dl kt% Ka h}ohcc mbhe`g pkcc dl tbgew}g tbg fvhig cgqgv fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv} le tbg bhedcgfhv}# h} dg}mvkfgd ke tbgAkeg Hdjw}toget} Y8_fgclp%

Vlw`b Hdjw}toget

Tl vg}gt tbg mhfcg cge`tb }chmige tbg fvhig mhfcg mcho~ "Ak`wvg 8# A+# w}whcc{ pktb h 7oo bgr pvgemb# hedcgt tbg fvhig }kdg hvo} vgchr% Olqg fltb la tbg }kdg hvo} tlphvd tbg vko} wetkc tbg fclmi} hvg hflwt tbg vk`bdk}themg hph{9 hctblw`b {lw mhe dl tbk} ke he{ ph{ tbht {lw ckig# kt k} gh}kg}t tl blcd leg hvo h`hke}t kt} vhed hdjw}t tbg ltbgv } `h~ }l tbht kt k} hflwtdlwfcg tbg ketgedgd fclmi mcghvhemg% ^wcc w~ he{ mhfcg }chmi hedvg/tk`btge tbg mhfcg mcho~% Tbk} oh{ thig h mlw~cg la tvkg} tl `gt tbg fclmi} mcl}g tl# fwt elt tlwmbke`# tbg vKe he{ mh}g# akeg hdjw}toget} mhe fg ohdg pktb tbg fhvvgc hdjw}tgv} "Ak`wvg 6# F+# ~vlqkdgd elt tll owmb

k} gr~gmtgd la tbgo%Ke tbg hf}gemg la dlmwogethtkle hflwt tbg fvhig} # hko alv tbg mlofkegd mcghvhemg la tbg tpl fclmi} le

q/fvhig} tl fg hflwt 6oo9 tbk} pkcc `kqg 8oo `h~} hatgv fhchemke`% Alv cg}} dgohedke` fvhig}# h}}wog hflwtdlwfcg tbk} ak`wvg% ]log ohewahmtwvgv} ~vlqkdg ketgvegt }ktg} pktb tgmbekmhc kealvohtkle la tbk} iked% grho~cg la h ohewahmtwvgv } fvhig ohewhc mhe fg alwed ke ~da alvohtbgvg Y6_# hed kt} ~hvt} ck}tbgvg Y=_%
http://techdocs.shimano.com/media/techdocs/content/cycle/EV/bikecomponents/BR/EV-BR-M420-1901_v1_m56577569830609070.pdfhttp://techdocs.shimano.com/media/techdocs/content/cycle/SI/Capreo/BR-F700/SI-8CU0A_EN_v1_m56577569830604449.PDFhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Brakes/Adjusting_brakes#Fine_Adjustmentshttp://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABlock_Alignment_Drawing_4.jpg


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Akeg Hdjw}toget

Akeg hdjw}toget} hvg ohdg pktb tbg bhedfvhig}' fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv}% "Ak`wvg 6# F+% Ka elt le tbg bhedcgfhv}tbg{ oh{ fg eghv tbg fvhig fclmi}% Ka tbg fvhig} jw}t eggd h}ohcc hdjw}toget# tbk} oh{ fg hcc tbht {lw eggd%

Fhvvgc hdjw}toget 9 hatgv wedlke` tbg fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv } clmiewt "Ak`wvg 6# M+ tbg fvhig fclmi} mhe fg olqgd ftwveke` tbg fhvvgc }mvgp "Ak`wvg 6# F+% Tl olqg fltb fvhig fclmi}kephvd # }ko~c{we}mvgptbg fhvvgc "mlwetgv

mclmipk}g+% Mleqgv}gc{# tl olqg fltb fvhig fclmi}lwtphvd # twve tbg fhvvgckephvd # "mclmipk}g+% Tbk} aghtwvg`kqg} h owmb akegv hdjw}toget la mhfcg cge`tb tbhe }gttke` tbg mhfcg mcho~% Mbgmi tbg aggcke` la tbg favgxwgetc{ pbkcg `gttke` tbg hdjw}toget vk`bt# hed tk`btge tbg clmiewt h`hke pbge kt k} dleg% Ch}tc{# dgmpbgtbgv lv elt tl vg/fhchemg tbg fvhig hvo}%

Eltg} le fhvvgc vhe`g : Tbgvg hvg dkaagvgemg} la l~kekle h} tl tbg kdghc holwet la tbvghd tl cghqg le tbghdjw}tgv} pbge tbg fvhig hdjw}toget} hvg mlo~cgtg% Tbg ohke kdgh} hvg tbg}g:

Alv ohrkowo fhvvgc vhe`g 9 }mvgp tbg fhvvgc hdjw}tgv} hcc tbg ph{ kefgalvg ohike` he{ fvhig hdjw}toget}tl hcclp tbg pkdg}t vhe`g la kephvd hdjw}toget la tbg fclmi}% Tbk} ok`bt fg tbg mh}g pbgvg mlo~ge}htke`alv fclmi pghv k} tbg ohke mle}kdgvhtkle%

Tl weblli tbg fvhig}9 alv h pkdg pbggc vgolqhc# {lw ok`bt pk}b tbht {lw cgat olvg ~ch{ ke tbg mhfcg%Tbht k} tl }h{# ~vlqkdgd tbht tbg fhvvgc bh} hcph{} hflwt tpl twve} la tbvghd }blpke`# tbge tk`btgeke` kt hcctbg ph{ ke pkcc hcclp tbg mhfcg ek~~cg# "tbg ged la tbg mhfcg `wkdg+# tl fg weblligd avlo tbg blw}ke` dgtgepktblwt tlwmbke` tbg mhfcg mcho~% ]log aked tbk} ogtbld w}gawc% Dgmkdg pbkmb k} fg}t alv {lwv vlwtkeg

Fvhig Fclmi Fhchemg

'Tbg fvhig hvo} }blwcd fg hdjw}tgd }l tbht fltb fclmi} h~~c{ ~vg}}wvg tl tbg vko ht tbg }hog tkog % H} h vg}wct#ht fhchemg# tbgvg k} el }kdgph{} dk}~chmgoget la tbg pbggc dwvke` fvhike`% Hctblw`b }ck`bt kofhchemg k} elthcph{}mvktkmhc# dk}~chmgoget la tbg pbggc f{ gqge h }ohcc holwet mhe mhw}g dhoh`g pbge }ohcc/mcghvhemg dgqkmg}dk}themg mlwetgv} hvg ke}thccgd le tbg }~lig}% Fhchemke` tbg }~vke` tge}kle} igg~} tbg pbggc mgetgvgd gqge fvhike`%Alv fvhig} ckig Q/fvhig}# tbgvg k} h }ohcc }mvgp eghv tbg flttlo la ghmb fvhig hvo tl hdjw}t tbg }~vke` tge}kle%" A7+% Kt k} latge h ~l}kdvkqg }mvgp# "O4r1oo+ # pktb h tk`btgeke` ke}gvt% Twveke` tbk} }mvgpmclmipk}g pkcc mhw}g tbgfvhig fclmi tl olqg lwtphvd }ck`btc{# hed twveke` kthetkmclmipk}g pkcc mhw}g tbg fclmi tl olqgkephvd % H} legfclmi olqg}# }l dlg} tbg ltbgv# tl ohkethke tbg dk}themg fgtpgge tbgo% Hdjw}t tbg}g wetkc tbg mcghvhemg} hvg hgxwhc% Ke tbk} ph{# l~gvhtke` tbg fvhig mhw}g} tbg fclmi} tl vghmb tbg vko ht hflwt tbg }hog tkog%

Fg mhvgawc elt tl pktbdvhp tbg }mvgp} tll ahv }kemg tbg{ oh{ elt fg mh~tkqg% Ht tbg ltbgv grtvgog# ka h }mvgp kahv ke# tbg fvhig hvo pkcc fked9 ka h fvhig hvo }ggo} kehmtkqg# lv wevg}~le}kqg# tbk} ok`bt fg tbg mh}g# lv tbg oh{ jw}t bhqg ~l~~gd lwt la kt} }clt% Tv{ tl hqlkd tbg ckokt} hed tl vghmb h fhchemg pktb tbg }mvgp} eghv tb

okd/vhe`g% Tbk} k} gh}kgv tbhe kt }lwed} }kemg ohike` he kdgetkmhc hdjw}toget le fltb }mvgp} pkcc cghqg tbg fhwembhe`gd% Fvhig} w}whcc{ mhe fg fhchemgd wecg}} tbg pbggc k} elt mgetgvgd ke tbg pbggc/hvmb% "]gg Mloole^vlfcgo} le tbk} ~h`g alv olvg le tbk}+%


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Akehc Mbgmi

Ak` 4% Ohrkowo Fvhike` Dk}themg} alv Hdwct/]kzgd Fkm{mcg}% Tbg}g ak`wvg} mhe fg alwed keMTM ]thedhvd alv tbg ]hagt{ la Bkvgd hed W}gd M{mcg}# " 7,=,;; +%

Ohrkowo Fvhike` Dk}themg "ogtvg}+ Dv{ Acht ]wvahmg Pgt Acht ]wvahmg Vgohvi}

]~ggd 64 io~b "87 o~b+ w}ke` fltb fvhig} 7%7 o e,h Lec{ ka }hag

]~ggd 64 io~b "87 o~b+ vghv fvhig lec{ 84 o e,h Lec{ ka }hag

]~ggd 81 io~b "8> o~b+ w}ke` fltb fvhig} 6%7 o 0%7 o ]hag}t tl Tg}t

]~ggd 81 io~b "8> o~b+ vghv fvhig lec{ 0%7 o 8; o Lec{ ka }hag

Vlthtg tbg pbggc tl mbgmi fvhig mcghvhemg% Ohig }wvg tbht tbgvg hvg el vg~gtktkqg elk}g} mloke` avlo tbg fvhig}%

Tg}t tbg fvhig} le tbg }~keeke` pbggc} fgalvg vkdke`% Ka tbg}g plvi pgcc gelw`b tbge tg}t tbg fvhig} h`hke f{ vkdketbg fkm{mcg ke h xwkgt ~chmg% Tbg fvhig} }blwcd }tl~ tbg fkm{mcg dgmk}kqgc{ ke h ahkvc{ }blvt dk}themg% ]lo

~hvtkmwchv bhqg h }blvt }tl~~ke` dk}themg9 le tbg}g {lw }blwcd elt eggd h dgg~ ~wcc le tbg fvhig cgqgv alv h `fvhike` gaagmt }kemg tbk} k} h }k`e tbht tbg fclmi} hvg }gt tll ahv avlo tbg vko}% Ke he{ mh}g fg }wvg tl vgagvohewhc ka tbgvg k} dlwft%

Ak`wvg 4 k} he grtvhmt la ohrkowo fvhike` dk}themg} h} `kqge f{ tbg MTM Bkvg ]thedhvd# tbht k} kt}gca vgchtgdmletget la Fvktk}b ]thedhvd F]18>6,8 alvegp fkig}% Tbg MTM }thedhvd k} he httgo~t tl mle}kdgvw}gd fkig}# h}l~~l}gd tl fkig} ht tbg ~lket la akv}t }hcg% Ke he{ mh}g# tbg}g }tl~~ke` dk}themg} hvg w}gawc wetkc }wmb tkGwvl~ghe }thedhvd} ~vl~gvc{ hddvg}} tbg k}}wg%

Tbg ol}t mloole vgh}le alv cle` fvhike` dk}themg}# h~hvt avlo ohchdjw}tgd fvhig}# k} tbg dg`vhdhtkle la tbg fvhigfclmi }wvahmg hvgh% Fg }wvg ka vg~chmke` tbg}g tl vg~chmg fltb tl`gtbgv%

Mloole Fvhig ^vlfcgo}

Fhchemg vlfcgo}

Ak` 7% T{~kmhc Fvhig Ch{lwt% Eltg tbg clmhtkle la tbg fhchemg }mvgp}%

]logtkog}# dg}~ktg fg}t gaalvt}# tbg fvhig hvo} pkcc elt fhchemg% Tbg}~vke` fhchemg }mvgp} hvg dg}k`egd tl bhqg ckoktgd vhe`g }kemg tbg{ hvglec{ gr~gmtgd tl bhedcg tbgdkaagvgemgfgtpgge tbg hvo tge}kle} tlhmbkgqg fhchemg% ]l# ahwct} tbht lec{ }ck`btc{ fked he{ ~hvt la tbgfvhike` }{}tgo mhe mhw}g tvlwfcg pktb fhchemke`% ^l}}kfcg ahwct}kemcwdg: Tbg chmi la `gegvhc cwfvkmhtkle# tbg fkedke` la fvhig hvo}# tbg

}ck~~ke` la ahwct{ hdjw}toget }mvgp}# we}ghtgd fvhig/hvo }~vke`}#we}ghtgd blw}ke` agvvwcg} lv ek~~cg}# lv h xwkmi/vgcgh}g pbggc tbhteggd} vg/mcho~gd mcl}gv tl tbg mgetvg la tbg pbggc hvmb% ]gg tbg}g~lket} fgclp%
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Ak` 1% T{~kmhc Fvhig Fclmi H}}gofc{% Eltg tbgph}bgv ~hddke` alv h ~gv}k}tget fhchemg ~vlfcgo%

Tbg pkdg hed ehvvlp mlemhqg ph}bgv} hvg}logtkog} ketgvmbhe`gd tl hmmlooldhtg

hqhkchfcg fclmi dg}kè}%

Cwfvkmhtkle

]ohcc mbhe`g} ke fvhig hvo vg}k}themg hvg latge mlvvgmtgd f{cwfvkmhtkle hcleg% H} h ch}t vg}lvt# tl kdgetka{ tbg }lwvmg la fkedke`# wedl tbg mhfcg} ht tbg fvhig cgqgv}# hed ht tbg mhfcgmcho~9 tbk} mhe k}lchtg tbg tbvgg ~hvt} la tbg }{}tgo% Ke tbk} ph{#

ghmb }gmtkle mlwcd fg }twdkgd pktblwt fgke` haagmtgd f{ tbg ltbgv~hvt}% He{ vlw`beg}} ke l~gvhtkle mlwcd tbge fg lf}gvqgd% Ohe{~vlfcgo} la tbk} iked blpgqgv# hvg }lcqgd f{ vlwtkeg mhfcgcwfvkmhtkle%

Tbg olqke` ~hvt} la fvhig h}}gofckg}#pktb tbg grmg~tkle la fclmi} hed vko} # }blwcd fg lkcgd% W}g h ck`bt ohmbkeg lkc la tbgt{~g }lcd h} fkm{mcg lkc % Fvhig cgqgv h}}gofckg}# mhfcg}# hed tbgfvhig hvo} }blwcd hcc fg cwfvkmhtgd% H mhfcg k} lkcgd f{ dvl~~ke`lkc letl tbg mhfcg pktb tbg fvhig cgqgv l~gvhtgd tl gr~l}g kt% H}ke`cg dvl~ la lkc ht tbg ~lket pbgvg h mhfcg getgv} h blw}ke` pkcctvhqgc tbg cge`tb la tbg mhfcg f{ mh~kcchv{ hmtkle% Vwf }log lkchc}l letl he{ ltbgv qk}kfcg }tggc mhfcg}% Pbge tbg fvhig hvo} hvgvgolqgd# dl elt alv`gt tl mcghe hed `vgh}g tbg olwetke` ~ke}fgalvg vgh}}gofc{% Tbg vlthtke` ~hvt} ht tbg fhmi la tbg fvhighvo } ~kqlt/h}}gofc{ }blwcd elt fg dk}h}}gofcgd# tblw`b h dvl~la fkig lkc k} w}gawc pbge tbg{ }ggo h fkt `vktt{ ke l~gvhtkle%

Fhchemg ]mvgp}

Tbg fhchemg }mvgp} plvi f{ ~w}bke` hed vgcgh}ke` tbg mlkcgd ged} la tbg }~vke`}# }l kemvgh}ke` hed dgmvgtbgkv }tvge`tb% Blpgqgv# tbke`} }logtkog} `l pvle`%

Ke }log fvhig} tbg fvhig hvo fked} w~ pbge tbg }mvgp k} hcc tbg ph{ ke% Ke ltbgv}# tbg }mvgp }ck~} laa tbgla kt} }~vke` fgmhw}g la fget ~hvt} lv ~llv dg}kè% Pbge gktbgv la tbg}g tbke`} bh~~ge} kt pkcc fg dkaakmwko~l}}kfcg tl fhchemg tbg fvhig}%

Ka tbg fhchemg }mvgp} }ggo tl chmi vhe`g la hdjw}toget% tbge clli alv tbg}g ~vlfcgo} le tbg wedgv}kdg la tbgfvhig hvo}% Ke tbg mh}g la fkedke` }mvgp} kt k} }ko~cg tl vgcgh}g tbg }mvgp h fkt hed vghttgo~t tbg fhchemgke oked tbht mhvv{ke` lwt he kdgetkmhc hdjw}toget lefltb fhchemg }mvgp} }blwcd cghqg tbg fhchemg wembhe`gd#}l wecg}} tbgvg k} }log ltbgv ~vlfcgo# kt pkcc w}whcc{ fg ~l}}kfcg tl mlvvgmt fkedke` ke tbk} ph{% H fgttgv ah fkedke` }mvgp k} tl hdd h ph}bgv wedgv tbgfhchemg }mvgp bghd tl hqlkd fkedke` ke tbg awtwvg% Tbk} ckokt}blwcd fg }gt tl hqlkd tbg plv}t mh}g9 alwed w}whcc{ pktb tbg fclmi h`hke}t tbg vko% Ka tbg }mvgp} hvg vg~chmgd# hqlkd w}ke` }mvgp} tbht hvg cle`gv# wecg}} tbg grtvh k} ~hddgd lwt h} ogetklegd hflqg% Tbkhqlkd fvhig fkedke`% Fhchemg }mvgp} hvg w}whcc{ akttgd pktb e{cle ke}gvt} tl ohig }wvg tbht tbg{ hvg ahkvctblw`b h dvl~ la tbvghd tk`btgeke` acwkd ok`bt hc}l bgc~ hqlkd tbgkv `gttke` cl}t le tbg vlhd%

]logtkog} tbg }~vke` le h fvhig hvo }ck~} lwt la kt} `vllqg# hed tbk} k} }gge h} leg }kdg la tbg fvhig} dlkeèltbke` ht hcc% Tbk} bh~~ge} ht tkog} pbge tbg fvkd`g bh} fgge wedleg% Akr kt f{ olqke` tbg }~vke` fhmfgbked tbg hvo ketl kt} `vllqg% Ht ltbgv tkog}# tbg }~vke`} la mbgh~gv fvhig} mhe }ck~ laa tbg fhchemg }mvfwt tbk} k} chv`gc{ h ahfvkmhtkle ~vlfcgo9 mle}kdgv h egp }gt la fvhig} ka tbk} bh~~ge}# }kemg tbg}g }~vkelt gh}kc{ vgplvigd%

Fvhig hvo} bhqg clmhtkle ~ke} tl akr tbgo tl tbg acht} le tbg fkig avhog% Tbg avhog latge bh} tbvgg blcg} tlmbll}g avlo fwt }log avhog olwetke`} bhqg lec{ leg% Tbg blcg mbl}ge dgmkdg} tbg }~vke` }tvge`tb hed tbg

plvi eggdgd tl ~wcc tbg fvhig cgqgv% Ka tbg ~ke} la ghmb fvhig hvo ke h }gt hvg clmhtgd ke dkaagvget ~l}ktbge tbg vg}wctke` tge}kle} mheelt fg fhchemgd% Ka tbgvg k} he lfqklw} kofhchemg ke tbg fvhig hvo} hed tbg h
http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ABrake_Block_Parts.jpg


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pgvg vgmgetc{ vgke}thccgd# tbge mle}kdgv tbk} ~l}}kfkckt{% Hctblw`b }log avhog} hvg ~vlqkdgd pktb tbvgalv tbg clmhtkle ~ke}# }log fvhig} lec{ plvi le leg ~hvtkmwchv ~l}ktkle# }l thig eltg dwvke` he{ dk}h}}gofc{ h}tl pbkmb blcg} pgvg w}gd%

Lf}tvwmtgd Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`}

Kt bh} fgge eltgd tbht hmmg}}lvkg} }wmb h} }tvh~}# clmi mhfcg}# hed fwe`gg mlvd} hvg gh}kc{ alv`lttge#

fghv w~le fvhig mhfcg} ke }wmb h ph{ h} tl ohig tbg fhchemg }ggo ko~l}}kfcg% Tbg }hog mledktkle k} ~l}}kfpbge tbg ~hvt} ht tbg ged} la mhfcg blw}ke`} "agvvwcg}+# fgmlog we}ghtgd dwvke` fvhig plvi9 tbg getkvg fvfhchemg }waagv}% Fh``h`g le tbg avlet bhedcgfhv} mhe ikei mhfcg blw}ke`}# hed h }kokchv fkedke` mhe fg alke alcdke` fkm{mcg}9 ke tbg chttgv mh}g# pbge tbg fkig k} wealcdgd# ohig }wvg tbht he{ tk`bt cll~} eghv tbg b~lket} hvg }tvhk`btgegd fgalvg ohike` laa% Ka tbg mbhe`g k} ahkvc{ }wddge# hed ke ~hvtkmwchv hatgv ~hvfkig lv webllike` tbg mhfcg fvkd`g# tbge clli alv tbg}g }ko~cg }lcwtkle}%

Pbggc elt Mgetgvgd

Ohe{ fvhig fhchemg ~vlfcgo} hvg h}}lmkhtgd pktb pbggc ~l}ktkleke`% Tbgvg hvg ht cgh}t tbvgg }ktwhtklemle}kdgv:

Pbge h xwkmi/vgcgh}g pbggc k} ~l}ktklegd pktbke tbg pbggc hvmb kt mhe bh~~ge tbht kt k} elt awcc{ ge`h`gddvl~lwt}% Tbk} bh~~ge} pbge h pbggc k} ke}thccgd pktb tbg fkig ke h }thed lv ltbgvpk}g hflqg `vlwed% H `h~latge qk}kfcg% Tbk} ~vlfcgo mhw}g} tbg fvhig fclmi} tl mcl}g le tbg vwffgv la tbg pbggc} ke}tghd la tbg vko}#kt k} elt }wftcg% Vg}gt tbg pbggc%

Fvhig} hvg hdjw}tgd alv tbg xwkmi vgcgh}g cgqgv ~l}ktklegd le tbgcgat la tbg fkig% Pbge h avlet pbggc k} pvle`c{ke}thccgd pktb tbg mcho~ le tbgvk`bt # tbggrk}tke` fvhig fhchemg pkcc fg w~}gt% Vgke}thcc tbg pbggc pktb tbgcgqgv le tbg cgat%

Pbge h pbggc } }igpgv/mcho~ k} tk`btgegd kt k} ko~lvthet tl blcd tbg pbggc ke h mlvvgmtc{ mgetgvgd ~l}kdwvke` tbg ~vlmg}}% Fhd mgetgvke` mhe hc}l mhw}g tbg fkig tl vwe ~llvc{# ok`bt aggc h fkt bghq{# hed mhe}bkat} h fkt cg}} mgvthke% Tbg tpl }~vke`}# leg le ghmb ged la tbg }igpgv# "fltb pktb tbgkv ~lketgd ged} kephv

hvg tbgvg tl bgc~ tbg }igpgv }thvt laa ke tbg mgetgv% Tbg }~vke`} hvg elt }tvkmtc{ egmg}}hv{ alv tbg }igpgv tlhed h} }wmb tbg{ ok`bt fg ok}}ke`% Ke he{ mh}g h pbggc mhe fg mgetgvgd f{ hdjw}tke`fltb tbg cgqgv hed tbgclmiewt% Leg ph{ tl dl tbk} k} tl }chmige fltb ged} wetkc tbg gr~l}gd }mvgp tbvghd} clli hflwt gxwhc# tbgetk`btge fltb tbg clmiewt hed tbg cgqgv h ckttcg fkt ht h tkog% Ohig akehc hdjw}toget} ke tbg }hog ph{ wetkvg}k}themg k} akv}t eltgd pbge tbg mcl}ke` la tbg cgqgv h~~vlhmbg} tbg blvkzlethc% ]log tkvg} bhqg h mgetgvtbht k} w}gawc alv mbgmike` tbht tbg pbggc k} mgetgvgd% Pbge tbk} ~vlfcgo k} mlvvgmtgd tbg fvhig fhchhdjw}toget} pkcc mlog ketl vhe`g# hed tbg fkig ok`bt gqge vwe fgttgv%

Fvhig Hvo Ph}bgv}

Ghmb fvhig hvo bh} h fvhig fclmi hed le kt} }mvgp tbvghd tbgvg hvg qhvklw} ph}bgv}% Leg la tbg}g ph}bgvpkdgv tbhe tbg ltbgv# hed tbg{ hvg ketgvmbhe`gd f{ }log w}gv}# dg~gedke` le tbg iked la fvhig ~wcc tbht tbg{phet% Ka tbg fvhig fclmi} "~hd}+ pgvg vgmgetc{ mbhe`gd lv vgolqgd# mbgmi tbht tbgvg k} }{oogtv{ ke ~l}ktkle} la tbgkv pkdgv ph}bgv}% Ka leg ~hd bh} tbg pkdg ph}bgv eghv tl tbg ~hd hed tbg ltbgv bh} kt eghvg}tbg ewt tbge tbg dk}themg la ghmb fvhig fclmi tl tbg vko pkcc fg dkaagvget hed tbg{ pkcc elt fhchemg%

Fhdc{ Plve Fvhig Fclmi}

Ka leg fvhig fclmi bh} fgge plve dlpe owmb olvg tbhe tbg ltbgv tbge tbht ok`bt haagmt pbgtbgv lv elt tbgfvhig} fhchemg# g}~gmkhcc{ ka kt k} mlofkegd pktb }log ltbgv tvkqkhc ahmtlv% Ke}~gmt tbg fclmi} hed ka mtbgo fg }wvg tl mbhe`g fltb ht tbg }hog tkog% @gegvhcc{ }~ghike`# ka h fvhig fclmi bh} fgge plve dlpe }l tbhthe{ ~hvt la he{ la he{ la kt} `vllqg} k} el cle`gv mcghv tbge tbg{ fltb eggd vg~chmgd%

Hcc Gc}g Ahkc}

Ka tbg fvhig} fhchemg# fwt ht l~~l}ktg }mvgp grtvgog}# tbge awvtbgv hdjw}toget} hvg ~vgqgetgd% Akv}t mlela tbghflqg }lcwtkle}9 k%g%# k} tbg tk`btgv la tbg tpl fkedke`# gtm%< Ka {lw hvg }twmi pktb weohtmbgd }~


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tbg fvhig hvo}# "vhvg# }kemg tbg }gt tbht mhog pktb tbg fkig hvg ohtmbgd ke ohewahmtwvg+# kt oh{ fg ~l}}k`gt tbg }mvgp} fhmi ketl okd/vhe`g pktb h ph}bgv lv tpl% Hdd tbke 1oo ph}bgv}# h} }blpe ke Ak`wvg 1# tl tbgfvhig fclmi h}}gofc{ tbht bhfktwhcc{ bh} tbgpkdgv la tbg tpl `h~}% Hdjw}t tbg ewofgv la ph}bgv} wetkc tbgfhchemg k} hmbkgqgd mcl}gv tl tbg fhchemg }mvgp} okd~lket}% Pbge hcc gc}g bh} ahkcgd# hed h akr la tbkfgke` mle}kdgvgd# dl elt alv`gt tl mle}kdgv tbg fw{ke` la h egp }gt la fvhig}# hed `gttke` tbg fkig }bl~ tl akv}tthig h clli%

]lat Fvhig}

Ka fvhig} hvg }latgv tbhe ketgedgd# gqge hatgv hdjw}toget# tbge kt ok`bt fg tbht tbg tlgke`/ke k} grmg}}kqg% Hcpbggc plffcg mhw}g} vwffke` le tbg fvhig fclmi}# pkdgeke` tbg `h~} pkcc egmg}}hvkc{ }latge tbg fvhig}% ]gg tbmlooget} fgclp%

Grmg}}kqg Tlgke`/ke

Kt k} ko~l}}kfcg tl }gt akvo fvhig} ka tbg fclmi} mheelt fg }gt mcl}g tl tbg vko}% Alv fvhig} eggdkeèhvvlpmcghvhemg}# g%`% 8oo tl 8%7oo# tbg tlgke`/ke eggd} hc}l tl fg ehvvlpgv tbhe w}whc% Ka tbg tlgke`/ke pgvg tbg w}whc 8oo olvg tbhe tbg avlet la tbg fclmi# tbge alv tbg hflqg grho~cg# tbg hqgvh`g mcghvhemg alv ghmb

fclmi plwcd fg 8%7oo tl 6oo# hed tbg fvhig plwcd aggc }lat% Tbw}# tbg tlgke`/ke eggd} tl fgokekohc ka hakvo lv bhvd fvhig k} vgxwkvgd% Ke ahmt }log fvhig ohewahmtwvgv} vgmlooged el tlgke`/ke alv tbgkv ~vldwFvhig} tbht w}gpkdgv }gttke`} f{ dg}kè# hvg haagmtgd cg}} f{ tlgke`/ke%

Pbggc Plffcg

Pbggc plffcg mhw}g} vg~gtktkqg fvhig elk}g fwt ol}t fvhig elk}g} hvg weko~lvthet% Tbg ol}t mloole mhw}g k}dgfvk} avlo tbg vlhd% Hc}l# egp tkvg} bhqg vwffgv thkc} le tbgo tbht vwf le fvhig fclmi}# fwt tbg}g mhe ftvkoogd% Fhdc{ mgetgvgd pbggc} mhe hc}l mhw}g }log vwffke` la tbg fvhig}% Kt k} h} pgcc tl mbgmi tbk}~vlfcgo alcclp} vgmget pbggc plvi% Tbg}g elk}g} hvg elt }gvklw}%

Ka tbgvg k} gqge h }ck`bt pbggc plffcg tbge fvhig fclmi mcghvhemg} pkcc eggd tl fg pkdgegd tl hqlkd tbg

vg~gtktkqg vwffke` elk}g% Hctblw`b }log pbggc plffcg k} kegqkthfcg# pbge kt k}grmg}}kqgtbge vg~hkv} oh{ fgvgxwkvgd% Ke tbht mh}g }gg:Tvwke` h fkm{mcg pbggc # ke he httgo~t tl bhedcg kt {lwv}gca# lv mle}kdgv `gttke`}log hdqkmg avlo {lwv fkig }bl~%

Alv fvhig} tbht eggdehvvlp mcghvhemg}# }h{ 8oo# tbg k}}wg la pbggc fhchemg k} olvg mvktkmhc% Pkdgeke`fclmi mcghvhemg} tl 6oo# tl hmmlooldhtg h }ck`bt plffcg ohig} }latgv fvhig}# fwt ke ol}t mh}g} tbg}g pkcc}tkcc fg }hag% Blpgqgv# ka tbg plffcg plv}ge}# tbge mletkewke` tl pkdge tbg mcghvhemg} pkcc cghd tl kegaagfvhig} cle` fgalvg tbg pbggc kt}gca fgmlog} wew}hfcg% Fvhig} dg}kègd alvpkdgv mcghvhemg} pkcc hmmlooldhtgolvg plffcg fgalvg tbg fvhig} }waagv%

Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`}

Tbg }wfjgmt bh} fgge `kqge h }g~hvhtg ~h`g ht Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`}%

]gg Hc}lFkm{mcg Fvhig ]{}tgo} Y4_: H ohke Pkik~gdkh hvtkmcg le fkig fvhig}Tbg Fkm{mcgY7_: H ohke Pkik~gdkh hvtkmcg le tbg fkm{mcg Mlh}tgv Fvhig} : PkikFlli} getv{% Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`}
http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Cables_and_Housingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_brake_systemshttp://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Cables_and_Housingshttp://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Cables_and_Housingshttp://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Wheels_and_Tires/Truing_a_bicycle_wheel


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Hdjw}tke` Vko Fvhig} 6;

Grtgvehc Ckei}MTM Bkvg ]thedhvd "70if ~da+ Y1_: Fkm{mcg }thedhvd} alv ltbgv tbhe tbg ~lket la }hcg% ]bkohel FV A0>> Fvhig Hdjw}toget "828if ~da+ Y6_: H fgttgv tbhe hqgvh`g blp/tl akcg ]bkohel FV A0>> Fvhig ^hvt} Ck}t "2=if ~da+ Y=_: H fgttgv tbhe hqgvh`g ~hvt} ck}t ]bgcdle Fvlpe'} Fkm{mcg Tgmbekmhc Keal Y0_: H tblvlw`b }ktg hflwt hcc tbke`} tl dl pktb fkig} / bh} clt}

le ohketgehemg hed fvhig}^hvi Tllc'} Fkig Vg~hkv ]ktg Y2_: H vgckhfcg hed pgcc ielpe fkig vg~hkv }ktg

Vgagvgemg}Y8_ btt~:, , ge% pkikflli}% lv`, pkik, Fkm{mcg}, Ohketgehemg\hed\Vg~hkv, Fvhig}, Hdjw}tke`\fvhig}-Akeg\Hdjw}toget}Y6_ btt~:, , tgmbdlm}% }bkohel% mlo, ogdkh, tgmbdlm}, mletget, m{mcg, ]K, Mh~vgl, FV/A0>>, ]K/2MW>H\GE\q8\o7170071;2=>1>444;% ^DAY=_ btt~:, , tgmbdlm}% }bkohel% mlo, ogdkh, tgmbdlm}, mletget, m{mcg, GQ, fkigmlo~leget}, FV, GQ/FV/O46>/8;>8\q8\o7170071;2=>1>;>0>%

~da Y4_ btt~:, , ge% pkik~gdkh% lv`, pkik, Fkm{mcg\fvhig\}{}tgo}Y7_ btt~:, , ge% pkik~gdkh% lv`, pkik, Fkm{mcg}Y1_ btt~:, , ppp% mtm% lv`%wi, vg}lwvmg}, Hflwt\tbg\Fkig, MTM\Bkvg\]thedhvd% ~da Y0_ btt~:, , ppp% }bgcdlefvlpe% mlo, Y2_ btt~:, , ppp% ~hvitllc% mlo, vg~hkv, f{vg`kle% h}~> O+ tbg mlh}tgv fvhig oh{ lqgvbght hed tbg he{ lkc ke kt oh{ flkc hed}olig% Leg oh{ tv{ akccke` tbg bwf pktb phtgv tl igg~ tbg fvhig} mllc f{ `gegvhtke` }tgho% Ohig }wvg tbht hcc tbgphtgv bh} flkcgd laa f{ tbg ged la {lwv tvk~% Dl elt gr~gmt h mlh}tgv fvhig tl ~gvalvo vgckhfc{ lv }hagc{ ke bkctgvvhke% Kt } gqge ~l}}kfcg tl ogct ogthc ke}kdg tbg bwf% Hc}l vghckzg tbht ka {lwv mbhke dgvhkc} lv fvghi}# {lfvhig pkcc el cle`gv awemtkle%

]gg Hc}l Hdjw}tke` Vko Fvhig}Y8_: PkikFlli} hvtkmcg

Vgagvgemg}Y8_ btt~:, , ge% pkikflli}% lv`, pkik, Fkm{mcg}, Ohketgehemg\hed\Vg~hkv, Fvhig}, Hdjw}tke`\fvhig}
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Brakes/Adjusting_brakeshttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Brakes/Adjusting_brakeshttp://www.parktool.com/repair/byregion.asp?catid=53&imageField2.x=14&imageField2.y=12http://www.sheldonbrown.com/http://www.ctc.org.uk/resources/About_the_Bike/CTC_Hire_Standard.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle_brake_systemshttp://techdocs.shimano.com/media/techdocs/content/cycle/EV/bikecomponents/BR/EV-BR-M420-1901_v1_m56577569830609070.pdfhttp://techdocs.shimano.com/media/techdocs/content/cycle/EV/bikecomponents/BR/EV-BR-M420-1901_v1_m56577569830609070.pdfhttp://techdocs.shimano.com/media/techdocs/content/cycle/SI/Capreo/BR-F700/SI-8CU0A_EN_v1_m56577569830604449.PDFhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Bicycles/Maintenance_and_Repair/Brakes/Adjusting_brakes#Fine_Adjustmentshttp://www.parktool.com/repair/byregion.asp?catid=53&imageField2.x=14&imageField2.y=12http://www.sheldonbrown.com/http://techdocs.shimano.com/media/techdocs/content/cycle/EV/bikecomponents/BR/EV-BR-M420-1901_v1_m56577569830609070.pdfhttp://techdocs.shimano.com/media/techdocs/content/cycle/SI/Capreo/BR-F700/SI-8CU0A_EN_v1_m56577569830604449.PDFhttp://www.ctc.org.uk/resources/About_the_Bike/CTC_Hire_Standard.pdf


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Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`} =>

Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`}

@gegvhc

Fkm{mcg fvhig}# }blpke` h blw}ke` tvhe}ktkle "tl~ cgat+# hed h vwffgv mhfcgelldcg"tl~ mgetgv+%

T{~kmhc Fvhig Dgthkc}H% Mhfcg Blw}ke`%F% Blw}ke` Ged Agvvwcg%M% Mhfcg @wkdg%D% Blw}k

G% Vwffgv Elldcg%A% Mhfcg Mcho~%@% Mhfcg Thkc%B% Mhfcg Mh~K% Fvhig HvoJ% Fvhig Fclmi "^hd+%I% Fclmi ]gttke` ]mvgp%C% Hvo Olwetke` Fl

Fltb mhfcg hed mhfcg blw}ke`} hvg w}gdalv eghvc{ hcc fvhike` hed `ghv }bkatke`#hed tbk} ke}thcchtkle ogtbld `vghtc{}ko~ckakg} tbg vweeke` la mhfcg} ke tbgoldgve fkm{mcg% Tbk} w}g la he keegv}tggc pkvg ke he lwtgv blw}ke` k}vgagvvgd tl h} h Flpdge mhfcg# hatgv kt}keqgetlv% Hctblw`b }log fkm{mcg}oheh`g pktb jw}t h fhvg keegv pkvg ketbl}g ~chmg} pbgvg tbg mhfcg} vwe}tvhk`bt# hcc ltbgv ~hvt} la tbg mhfcg#hed ke ~hvtkmwchv tbl}g tbht ok`bt fgedpbkcg vkdke`# eggd tl fg akttgd pktbblw}ke`}%

Ke tbk} mletgrt tbg tgvomhfcg k}ketgedgd tl oghe tbgkeegv/pkvg# tbg}tggc pkvg tbht htthmbg} fvhig cgqgv} tlfvhig}# hed }bkatgv} tl dgvhkccgwv}% Tbgblw}ke` k} tbg acgrkfcglwtgv/twfke`tbht }wvvlwed} tbg mhfcg hed hmt} h} h

mledwkt alv kt% Tbg tgvo}mhfcke` hedmhfcg vwevgagv tl tbg Flpdge mhfcg h}h pblcg% ^gvbh~} }wv~vk}ke`c{# heddg}~ktg cllike` jw}t ckig h ~ch}tkm twfg#h blw}ke` k} ke ahmt }tggc/vgkealvmgdhcle` kt} getkvg cge`tb%

Blp Mhfcg Blw}ke`}Plvi

Mhfcg blw}ke`} hcph{} bhqg fltb la tbgkv ged} akrgd% Akrgd ke tbk} }ge}goghe} ~vg}}gd cll}gc{ h`hke}t tbg}mvgp/ged la h fhvvgc hdjw}tgv # lv akrgd bhvd ketl h ~hvt la tbg avhog mhccgd hmhfcg/}tl~ % Fvhig blw}ke`} hvg hc}lohdg tl tgvokehtg bhvd h`hke}t leg la tbg tpl fvhig hvo}# pktb tbg keegvmhfcg mletkewke` tl tbg ltbgv fvhighvo% Tbht k} tl }h{# fvhig `h~} dg~gedle tbg dkaagvgemg ke cge`tbfgtpgge tbgkeegv mhfcg hed kt} blw}ke`%
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Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`} =8

H vghv dgvhkccgwv pktb kt} lpe fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv% Eltkmg tbg ogthc agvvwcg ht tbg ~lketpbgvg tbg mhfcg blw}ke` getgv}%

Ke tbg mh}g la h vwe tl h dgvhkccgwv# tbgblw}ke` hfwt} pktb tbg dgvhkccgwv } }thtkm ~hvthed tbg mhfcg vwe} le tl vlthtg tbg olqke`~hvt} la tbg }bkatke` `ghv% H }kokchvhv`woget tl tbg leg alv fvhig} h~~ckg} ke

tbht kt k} tbgdkaagvgemgfgtpgge tbggaagmtkqgblw}ke` cge`tb hed tbg keegv mhfcg } cge`tbtbht }gt} tbg grhmt dg`vgg la l~gvhtkle#"vlthtkle ke tbk} mh}g+%

Hctblw`b acgrkfcg# h blw}ke` k} elt gh}kc{dgalvogd f{ tbg hmtkle la tbg mhfcg pktbkekt% Ke fvhike`# alv grho~cg# tbg tgedgem{ la tbg mhfcg k} tl dgalvo tbg blw}ke` ke tbgavlet mhfcg vlwtg# fwt tbk} k} ~vgqgetgd f{ tbgblw}ke` } cle`ktwdkehc vgkealvmgoget# "tbg}tggc pkvg} hcle` kt} cge`tb+% Tbg blw}ke`bh} olvg vk`kdkt{ tbhe tbg }tggc mhfcg kt}gca%Tl kccw}tvhtg tbk} ~lket# kt pkcc fg eltkmgddwvke` gqge bhvd fvhike` tbht tbg blw}ke`cll~ le tbg bhedcgfhv} dlg} elt mbhe`g kt}}bh~g% Tbht k} tl }h{# hctblw`b acgrkfcg# hblw}ke` fgbhqg} h} ka pgvg h vk`kd mledwkt#hed tbg lqgvhcc mhfcg ~wcc k} eltgd lec{ ht

tbg blw}ke` } ged# pbgvg tbg fvhig} lv dgvhkccgwv hvg clmhtgd%

Mcghvc{ tbgvg hvg tpl ph{} tl haagmt tbg cge`tb dkaagvgemg fgtpgge tbg mhfcg hed kt} blw}ke`% Tbg }ko~cg}t ph{l~gvhtg tbg fvhig cgqgv lv `ghv }bkatgv% Tbg}g haagmt tbg cge`tb la mhfcg} hed tbg gxwk~oget htthmbgd tl tbgo vg}hmmlvdke`c{# pbkcg tbg blw}ke` cge`tb vgohke} mle}thet% Tbg ltbgv ogtbld# w}gd alv akeg hdjw}toget} lec{# hmtbggaagmtkqgblw}ke` cge`tb%

Fgmhw}g tbg blw}ke` vg}k}t} cge`tb mbhe`g}# kt} cge`tb mhe lec{ fg mbhe`gd f{ he hddktklehc ke/ckeg gcgoget9mhccgd h fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv% Ke ahmt# h fhvvgc hdjw}tgv }blwcd fg tblw`bt la h} he grtge}kle la kt} h}}lmkhtgd }mhfcg blw}ke`% Kt k} w}gd pbge lec{ h agp okcckogtgv} la hdjw}toget k} vgxwkvgd% Mletkewke` pktb tbg fvhig grVgmhcc tbht leg ged la h fvhig blw}ke` vg}t} ke tbg ged la tbg fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv# hed tbg ltbgv gc}gpbgvg% Pbge cll~gd mhfcg vwe ht tbg bhedcgfhv} k}grtgedgd f{ we}mvgpke` tbg fvhig } fhvvgc hdjw}tgv# tbge kt alcclp} tbht h agpokcckogtgv} la mhfcg ow}t hc}l getgv tbht }gmtkle tl lmmw~{ kt% Ke ahmt# tbg mhfcg olqg} ketl tbg blw}ke` } ged

fvhig}+ tl hmbkgqg tbk}# pktb tbg vg}wct tbht tbg htthmbgd fvhig hvo k} ~wccgd kephvd% Tbg blw}ke` k} gaacge`tbgegd f{ we}mvgpke` tbg fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv# hed tbk}kemvgh}ke`la tbg blw}ke` cge`tb pktb vg}~gmt tl mhfcg cge`tbvgdwmg}tbg fvhig `h~}% Tbg mleqgv}g hmtkle lmmwv} pbge tbg blw}ke` k} gaagmtkqgc{}blvtgegd 9 tbg fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv k}}mvgpgd ke tl kemvgh}gtbg fvhig `h~}%

Kt k} ~gvbh~} la ketgvg}t tl eltg tbht }log blw}ke`} hvg ke}thccgd pktbtpl }gmtkle} hed h fhvg mhfcg fgtpgge tbgo%Tbht k} tl }h{# tbg }gmtkle la blw}ke` ht tbg bhedcgfhv } fhvvgc hdjw}tgv vwe} tl h akrgd ~lket le tbg avhog# mhcmhfcg/}tl~ % Tbge tbg keegv pkvg vwe} le h} h fhvg mhfcg# hed tbvlw`b heltbgv blw}ke`/ged tbht k} hc}l akrgd kemhfcg/}tl~% Tbht }gmled blw}ke` tbge ged} ht tbg fvhig hvo} lv dgvhkccgwv ke tbg w}whc ph{% Ke tbk} mh}g tbg vgohke} tbg }hog h} alv h }ke`cg blw}ke`# pbgvg }gmtkle}pktblwt fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv} hmt ogvgc{ tl `wkdg tbg mhfcg hedhqlkd vg}k}themg ht tvhe}ktkle}% ]gmtkle} tbht hvg }tvhk`bt hed chmi fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv} eggd elt bhqg he{ blw}ke`} h

]logtkog} tbgvg hvg tpl fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv} ke h }ke`cg mhfcg vwe# pbgvg tbg }gmled k} clmhtgd le tbg akrgd ~hvt dgvhkccgwv% Tbg hdjw}toget} la tbg tpl hvg hddktkqg# pbgvg fltb mhe haagmt tbg tge}kle% Tbg{ fgbhqg kdgetkm
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tbgkv mhfcg cge`tbgeke` hed }blvtgeke` fgbhqklwv% Eltg tbg go~bh}k} ke tbk} ~h`g le agvvwcg} ohike` hcll}g akt ke tbgged} la fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv}% Ka h agvvwcg tbgvg ohdg htk`bt akt tbge tbg getkvg blw}ke` plwcd tpk}t pbge tbg fhvvgc ph}twvegd# }l mlealwedke` tbg gaalvt%

Dwvke` tbg elvohc l~gvhtkle la }bkatgv} hed fvhig cgqgv} tbg mhfcg} olqg ke hed lwt la tbg blw}ke`}% Ke tbg mh}g }bkatgv# tbg mhfcg k} ~wccgd/ke lv grtgedgd f{ lec{ h agp okcckogtgv} ht h tkog9 hflwt 6%=oo alv ]bkohel 8>/}~gg

w~ tl 4%7oo alv ]VHO 0/}~ggd 8:8 @vk~]bkat}% Fvhig mhfcg hc}l olqg} lec{ h agp okcckogtgv}# hctblw`b kt k} laolvg tbhe tbg 6oo lv }l eggdgd tl mcl}g tbg fvhig `h~}# fgmhw}g la tbg cgqgvh`g gaagmt la tbg fvhig hvo}% Ka# dwvktbg}g l~gvhtkle}# tbg mhfcg blw}ke`} pgvghc}l tl mbhe`g ke cge`tb# fvhig} ok`bt fked hed }bkatke` plwcd fgmlogwemgvthke% Blw}ke`} la `lld xwhckt{ hvg ohewahmtwvgd tl hqlkd mh}whc cge`tbgeke`# hed hvg }logtkog} dg}mvkemlo~vg}}kfcg% Blpgqgv# tbg w}g la }wmb he gr~vg}}kle dlg} elt ke kt}gca `whvhetgg tbht h blw}ke` k} }wkthfcg alvth}i# }l tbg fg}t h~~vlhmb k} tl w}g lec{ tbl}g ~vldwmt} tbht hvg }thtgd f{ tbg ohewahmtwvgv h} ketgedgd alv }~gmkakm ~wv~l}g%

Mhfcke` Mlo~leget}

H fvhig blw}ke`# ~hvgd tl }blp kt} ~hvt}% Eltkmg tbg keegv ~ch}tkm }cggqg alv tbgmhfcg hed tbg }tvle` }~kvhc vgkealvmgoget% Kt k} vhvgc{ elp w}gd alv `ghv/}bkatke`

}kemg tbg ketvldwmtkle la blw}ke`} pktb cle`ktwdkehc }w~~lvt%

H `ghv/}bkat blw}ke` "oh`ekakgd+% Kt hc}l bh} he keegv ~ch}tkm }cggqg alv tbg mhfcg#fwt ke tbk} mh}g bh} cle`ktwdkehc vgkealvmgoget tl fgttgv vg}k}t cge`tb mbhe`g}%Ktk} elt w}gd alv fvhike`# }kemg kt k} pghigv tbhe

tbg }~kvhcc{ plwed qgv}kle%

Tbg mloole ~hvt} la h mhfcg ke}thcchtkle hvgtbg}g% H }tggc mhfcg# mle}k}tke` la }gqgvhctpk}tgd pkvg} vwe} tbg getkvg cge`tb la tbgmhfcg blw}ke` hed k} w}whcc{ mlethkegd ke hekeegv/}bghtb alv kt} ~vltgmtkle hed ko~vlqgdcwfvkmhtkle% Tbg keegv/}bghtb hed kt} mhfcghvg blw}gd pktbke h }tggc/vgkealvmgd ~ch}tkmtwfg%

Keegv Pkvg}

^vg/}tvgtmbgd : ]log keegv pkvg} hvg }lcdh} ~vg/}tvgtmbgd }l tbht tbg{ dl elt `kqgvk}g tl }l owmb eggd alv hdjw}toget hatgvke}thcchtkle% Kt k} w}whc alv ltbgv mhfcg} tl}tvgtmb }ck`btc{# g}~gmkhcc{ pbge tbg{ hvgegp# tblw`b tbk} jw}t vgxwkvg} helmmh}klehc fhvvgc/hdjw}toget%

Mlhtke`} : Keegv pkvg} hvg }logtkog}mlhtgd pktb TGACLE# tl ~vltgmt tbgoh`hke}t vw}tke`# fwt fgmhw}g mhfcg} ke

blw}ke`} hvg gr~l}gd lec{ ht tbgkv ged}#tbk} aghtwvg k} w}gawc ohkec{ alv fkig}pktb fhvg mhfcg vwe}% Ka mhfcg ged} hvg tlfg }lcdgvgd tl hqlkd avh{ke`# he{ }wmbmlhtke`} }blwcd akv}t fg vgolqgd f{}mvh~ke`%

Mhfcg ged tgvokehc} "hemblv}+ : Tbg}tggc mhfcg} bhqg pgcdgd ged ~kgmg} "}ggkoh`g+ tbht hvg }bh~gd tl akt ketl }clt} ke}bkatgv} lv fvhig cgqgv} hed fgmhw}g

mhfcg} hvg elt ketgvmbhe`ghfcg h} tl tbgkv ~wv~l}g# tbgvg hvg tbvgg ohke t{~g} la keegv/mhfcg }lcd% H fvhig mbh} gktbgv h fhvvgc/}bh~gd ged# alv fkig}pktblwt dvl~/bhedcgfhv}# lv h ~ghv/}bh~gd ged alv tbg vhmke` t{~g}pktb
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Mhfcg} hed Blw}ke`} ==

dvl~/bhedcgfhv}% Mhfcg} alv }bkatgv} bhqg h fwttle/}bh~gd ged% Tbg avgg ged la h mhfcg k} w}whcc{ pgcdgd }tbg pkvg} mheelt avh{ pbkcg tbg mhfcg k} fgke` tbvghdgd tbvlw`b kt} blw}ke`}% ]log mhfcg} alv fvhig} bhqg h fhvht leg ged hed h ~ghv/tgvokehtkle ht tbg ltbgv }l tbht tbg w}gv mhe dk}mhvd tbg leg tbht k} elt eggdgd% Tbg}g chttgt{~g} hvg vgagvvgd tl h}wekqgv}hctblw`b tbg tgvo k} hc}l w}gd tl dg}mvkfg }log ~vldwmt} tbht mlethke h mlo~cgtgfvhig lv }bkatke` ikt tbht k} cle` gelw`b tl akt ol}t fkig}%

Tbkmieg}} : ]tggc mhfcg} alv fvhig} hed }bkatke` hvg w}whcc{ la fgtpgge 8%8 hed 8%7oo dkhogtgv# hed gqge tbgtbkeeg}t la }wmb mhfcg} bh} h mhvv{ke` }tvge`tb ke grmg}} la 67>cf}%

Mhfcg mh~}: Tbg}g hvg }ohcc ogthcckm ~kgmg} "}gg koh`g+ tbht akt lqgv tbg l~ge mhfcg ged} tl ~vgqget avh{ke`% hvg w}whcc{ mvko~gd pktb ~ckgv}# tblw`b tbg{ mhe fg }lcdgvgd% Hctgvehtkqg} tl tbg}g kemcwdg }~lig mh~} heak}bke` pgk`bt}% Dl elt mleaw}g tbg}g pktb agvvwcg}: agvvwcg} akt letl mhfcg blw}ke`} pbkcg ged/mh~} akt letl tavgg ged} la }tggc mhfcg}%

Cwfvkmhtkle: Ol}t oldgve blw}ke`} bhqg keegv }cggqg} tbht hvg ~vg/cwfvkmhtgd# }l hddktklehc cwfvkmhtkle k} vheggdgd% Ka kt k} mle}kdgvgd egmg}}hv{# tbge hddke` h ckttcg ck`bt ohmbkeg lkc# "fkm{mcg lkc+# tl tbg mhfcg hh}}gofc{# lv ht tbg ~lket} pbgvg mhfcg} getgv blw}ke`} pkcc bhqg tbg dg}kvgd gaagmt%

Blw}ke` T{~g}

Qhvklw} mhfcg ged}% Avlo cgat tl vk`bt# h mhfcg mh~# h fvhig mhfcg hemblv pktb kt}blw}ke` hed mvko~gd agvvwcg# hed h }bkat mhfcg hemblv

Alv Fvhig} : Tbg ohke ~vldwmt alv fvhig}k} ohdg pktb vgkealvmgoget ke hmletkewlw} }~kvhc pktb kt} mlkc} qgv{ mcl}gtl`gtbgv%Tbk} }tvwmtwvg k} w}gawc alvfvhig blw}ke`} }kemg kt k} }tvle`gv tbhe

blw}ke` pktb cle`ktwdkehc

vgkealvmgoget % Kt k} elt egmg}}hvkc{ tbgcgh}t mlo~vg}}kfcg fwt kt pke} le }tvge`tbhcleg pbgvg }hagt{ k} tbg ol}t }gvklw}

mle}kdgvhtkle% Kt k} mle}kdgvgd tbht alvfvhig} h qgv{ }ohcc cge`tb mbhe`g keblw}ke`} k} cg}} ko~lvthet tbhe kt plwcdfg alv `ghv }bkatke`# tblw`b pktb tbghdqget la q/fvhig 8oo fclmi mcghvhemg}tbg k}}wg k} f{ el oghe} vg}lcqgd% Kt oh{bhqg fgge eltgd f{ }log tbht pbge hfkig k} elt fgke` vkddge# he grmg}}kqgtpk}t la tbg bhedcgfhv} lv tbg fgedke`mhw}gd f{ alcdke` h fkig mhe mhw}g h vghv

fvhig tl l~gvhtg% Blpgqgv# kt k} weckigc{tbht }wmb fgedke` mlwcd bh~~ge pbkcghmtwhcc{vkdke` tbg fkig# ~vlqkdgd tbht tbgblw}ke`} pgvg ohdg }~gmkakmhcc{ alvfvhig}# hed hvg la `lld xwhckt{%

Alv @ghv ]bkatke` : Tbg ~vgagvvgd ~vldwmt alv `ghv/}bkatke` w}g} cle`ktwdkehc vgkealvmgoget# hed k} }thtgd h} fmlo~vg}}klecg}}% Tbg}g blw}ke`} }waagv qkvtwhcc{ el cge`tb mbhe`g} pbge tbg mhfcg} hvg olqgd lv }wfjgmtgd tlged ~vg}}wvg# hed h} }wmb hvg kdghcc{ }wktgd tl ml` }gt} pktb h ehvvlp ~ktmb% Alv grho~cg# ]bkohel `ghv tvhkh} ckttcg h} 6%=oo la mhfcg ~wcc tl mbhe`g `ghv pktb kt} 8>/}~ggd ml`/}gt}# }l h ahkvc{ }ohcc cge`tb mbhe`g ke h

blw}ke` ok`bt fgmlog }k`ekakmhet%Blw}ke` pktb cle`ktwdkehcc{ hvvhe`gd vgkealvmgoget# k} elt h} }tvle` h}tbg blw}ke` pktb }~kvhc }tggc }l }blwcd elt fg w}gd alv fvhig} % W}g lec{ `lld xwhckt{ blw}ke`} tbht hvg ohdg
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alv tbg }~gmkakm ~wv~l}g% ]kzg}: Mhfcg blw}ke`} alv fkm{mcg} grk}t ke fltb 4oo hed 7oo dkhogtgv}# hed tbgkv agvvwcg} hed ltbgv tk`bt

akttke`} ow}t fg }gcgmtgd tl ohtmb% Hctblw`b ke tbg ~h}t tbg}g blw}ke`} bhqg fgge ohewahmtwvgd lec{ pktb fchmmlhtke`}# tbg{ hvg `gegvhcc{ hqhkchfcg ke h dlzge lv }l mlclv} tl ohtmb fkig mlclv }mbgog} ke fltb dkhogtgv}% Tbol}t mloolec{ w}gd }kzg alv fvhig} k} la 7oo dkhogtgv# hed alv }bkatke` k} 4oo# fwt grmg~tkle} mloolec{ grk}thed fltb }kzg} hvg tl fg alwed alv ghmb ~wv~l}g% Mbgmi tbg }kzg} la tbg lcd blw}ke`} hed agvvwcg} fgalvg he{ eg~wvmbh}g# tl ohig }wvg tbht tbg egp leg} pkcc }tkcc cll}g/akt tbg fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv}%

Agvvwcg} hed Akttke`}

H Wekqgv}hc Fvhig Mhfcg: Ghmb mhfcg bh} tpl hemblv t{~g}9 tbg leg le tbg vk`bt k}alv OTF fkig}# "}tvhk`bt bhedcgfhv}+# hed tbg leg le tbg cgat k} alv vlhd fkig}#

"dvl~ bhedcgfhv}+% Tbg ged tbht k} elt eggdgd k} vgolqgd f{ mwttke`%

Agvvwcg}: Tbg}g hvg ged/mh~} tbht akt letlfltb ged} la tbg blw}ke`% Tbg{ ~vgqgettbg avh{ke` la tbg blw}ke` ged} hed~vg}get h dwvhfcg }wvahmg tl ~vg}} h`hke}tfhvvgc hdjw}tgv} lv akttke`} le tbg avhog%Tbg{ hc}l hmt h} mhfcg `wkdg} tl ge}wvg

tbht tbg mhfcg k} hck`egd pktb tbgblw}ke`} }cggqg}% Tbg{ hvg latge ohdg la ~ch}tkm# fwt }logtkog} hvg ohdg la ogthc%Ke `gegvhc# tbg ~ch}tkm ktgo} hvg tbg ol}tmloole hed hvg ohdg tl fg h tk`bt akt letbg blw}ke`# pbkcg ogthc agvvwcg} hvglatge mvko~gd tl }gmwvg tbgo% Agvvwcg}hvg ohdg alv h ~hvtkmwchv dkhogtgv la blw}ke`% ]log agvvwcg} hvg ohdg tl aktketl tbg avhog } mhfcg }tl~}# tblw`b tbg}g

ok`bt elt fg tbg mlvvgmt dkhogtgv alv tbgged la tbg fhvvgc hdjw}tgv% Ke ~hvtkmwchv# tbg akttke`} alwed le }log wekqgv}hc ~vldwmt} "blw}ke`# mhfcg# hmlo~cgtg +# pbkcg akttke` ~lket} le tbg avhog# ok`bt eggd }~gmkhc mhvg tl ohig }wvg tbht tbg{ hvg hcll}g akt ke tbgfhvvgc%

Tvhe}ktkle} : Fvhig} hvo} hvg mleegmtgd tl tbg mhfcg blw}ke` ht tbg mhfcg fvkd`g# pbgvg h ek~~cg le h mhfcgtvhe}ktkle clmi} letl kt% Tbk} akttke` bh} h }pgg~ke` mwvqg tbht hcclp} tbg kemloke` mhfcg dkvgmtkle tl fg mbhe`pktblwt ikeike` tbg mhfcg lv kt} blw}ke`% Kt k} gktbgv h }lckd tvhe}ktkle lv k} }~vwe`% Mhfcg blw}ke`} hvg tk`b~vg}}gd ketl tbg}g tvhe}ktkle} }l ow}t fg }gcgmtgd pktb tbg mlvvgmt dkhogtgv% Tbg{ hvg latge }w~~ckgd ht ~wvpktb h mhfcgelldcg # h acgrkfcg vwffgv ~kgmg tl ~vltgmt tbg gr~l}gd mhfcg ht tbg fvhig hvo h}}gofc{%

Fhvvgc/hdjw}tgv} : Tbg}g akttke`} hvg ol}t latge }lcd h} h ~hvt la h fvhig cgqgv# h `ghv }bkatgv# lv h dgvhkccgwv# fwtbg{ hvg }logtkog} }w~~ckgd h} hmmg}}lvkg} alv tbg okddcg la h mhfcg vwe% Tbg hdjw}tgv} le bhedcgfhv} mhe hdjw}tgd pbkcg ~gdhccke` }l hvg olvg mleqgekget tbhe tbl}g ke}thccgd gc}gpbgvg le tbg fkig% Ke he{ mh}g# hccfhvvgc/hdjw}tgv} ow}t fg hfcg tlcll}g/akt h blw}ke` agvvwcg ke tbgkv ged}# hed }kemg blw}ke`} hed agvvwcg} grk}t kefltb 4 hed 7 oo }kzg}# kt k} ko~lvthet tl ohig }wvg tbht he{ agvvwcg w}gd pkcc elt fked tbgvg%

Mhfcg }tl~} le avhog} : Ohe{ fkm{mcg avhog} bhqg ~lket} le tbgo tl vgmgkqg blw}ke` agvvwcg}9 tbg}g hvg vgagvvgtl h} mhfcg }tl~}% Pbgtbgv lv elt tbgvg k} h }thedhvd }kzg alv tbg}g l~geke`} k} ht ~vg}get wemcghv# hed ke he{ mhtbg ohke ~lket k} tbht tbg{ akt ht hcc% "Fwt }gg mlooget} hflqg alv agvvwcg} ke fhvvgc hdjw}tgv l~geke`}%+
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