BIBLIOGRAPHY

OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS - REPUBLIC OF CHINA

The Constitution of the Republic of China, Promulgated by the National Govern­ment January I, 1947; Effective from December 25, 1947, Taipei, Taiwan.

Treaty of Peace Between the Republic of China and Japan, Taipei, Taiwan, April 29, 1952.

OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS - UNITED NATIONS

General Assembly, Official Records, First Committee, 338th Meeting September 25, 1949; Fourth Session, 230 Plenary Meeting, September 29, 1949; Fifth Session, 284 Plenary Meeting, September 26, 1950; 286 Plenary Meeting, September 27, 1950; Sixteenth Session, 1072 Plenary Meeting, September 27, 1950; Sixth Session, 341 Plenary Meeting, November 13, 1951; Sixth Session, 342 Plenary Meeting, November 13, 1951; Tenth Session, 516 Plena­ry Meeting, September 20, 1955; 578 Plenary Meeting, November 15, 1956; Eleventh Session, 658 Plenary Meeting, February 21, 1957; Thirteenth Session, 752 Plenary Meeting, September 22, 1958; Thirteenth Session, 774 Plenary Meeting, October 7, 1958; Sixteenth Session, 1068 Plenary Meeting December I, 1961; Plenary Meeting, October 30, 1962; Nineteenth Session, (A/PV 1295), December 8, 1964.

Security Council, Official Records, 490th Meeting, August 25, 1960.

OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS - UNITED STATES

Department of State, Bulletins: Bulletin No. 324, Publication No. 2384, Vol. 13, 1945; Bulletin No. 550, Vol. 22; Bulletin No. 657, Vol. 26, January 28, 1952; Bulletin No. 1005, Vol. 39, 1956; Bulletin No. 1017, Vol. 39, December 22, 1958; Bulletin No. 1006, Vol. 39, 1958; Bulletin No. 1017, Vol. 39, 1959; Bulletin No. 1272, Vol. XLIX, November 11, 1963.

Department of State, Publications: Publication No. 7187, 1943: Publication No. 2504, Executive Agreement Series 493, 1946; Publication No. 4613, TIAS 2490, October, 1954; Publica­tion No. 6199, 1955; Publication No. 6705, Far Eastern Series 76, 1958; Publication No. 6844, Far Eastern Series 81, October, 1959; The Conlon Report, Study No.5, September, 1960; Publication No. 7015, Vol. I, 1960.

BOOKS

Ballantine, Joseph W., Formosa, A Problem For United States Foreign Policy, Menasha, Wisconsin, 1952.

Bate, H. Madear, Report From Formosa, New York, 1952.

100 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bishop, William W., Jr., Inteynational Law, Cases and Mateyials, Boston, 1953. Brierly, J. L., The Law of Nations, Oxford, 1961. Brown, Benjamin H., Chinese Representation: A Case Study in United Nations

Political AffaiYs, New York, 1955. Chang, Carson, The Thiyd F01'ce In China, New York, 1952. Chen, Ti-Chiang, The Inteynational Law of Recognition, New York, 1951. Cheng, Tien-fong, A Hist01'y of Sino-Soviet Relations, Washington, D.C., 1957. Chiang Kai-shek, Soviet Russia In China, New York, 1957. China YeaYbook, 1957-1958; 1960-1961, (compiled by China Yearbook Editorial

Board), Taipei, Taiwan, 1958; 1961. Chow, Ching-wen, Ten Yeays ofSt01'm, New York, 1960. Dallin, David J., Soviet Russia and The Fay East, New Haven, 1948. Dallin, David, J., The Rise of Soviet Russia In Asia, New Haven, 1949. Davidson, James, William, The Island of F01'mosa, Past and PYesent, New York,

1903. Elegant, Robert S., China's Red Mastel's, New York, 1951. Esch, P. A. M. Van der, Pyelude to Way, The Hague, 1951. Fenwick, Charles G., Cases On Inteynational Law, Chicago, 1951. Fenwick, Charles G., Inteynational Law, New York, 1952. Gentili, Alberico, De J uye Belli, LibYi TYes, Vol. 2 (The translation of the edition

of 1612, by John Rolfe) Oxford, 1933. Grotius, Hugo, De JuYe Belli Ac Pacis, Libri Tres, Vol. 2, (The translation of

Book III by Francis W. Kelsy), Oxford, 1925. Hyde, Charles Cheney, Inteynational Law, Chiefly as InteypYeted and Applied by

the United States, Vols. 1 and 3, Boston, 1951. Lauterpacht, Hersch, "The Problem of Nonrecognition," in Legal Pyoblems in the

Fay Easteyn Conflict, by Quincy Wright, New York, 1941. Lauterpacht, Hersch, Recognition In Inteynational Law, Cambridge, 1948. Mao Tse-tung, The Selected W01'ks of Mao Tse-tung, Vols. 1 and 3, New York,

1955. Moore, John Basset, A Digest of Inteynational Law, Vol. I, Washington, D.C.,

1906. North, Robert C., Moscow and Chinese Communists, California, 1953. Oppenheim, L., Inteynational Law, A TYeatise, Vols. 1 and 2, (ed. by H. Lauter­

pacht) , London, 1955. Pan Wei-tung, The Chinese Constitution, Washington, D.C., 1946. Pufendorf, Samuel, De JuYe Natuyae EtGentium, Libel' Octo., Vol. 2, (translation

of the edition of 1688 by C. H. Oldfather and W. A. Oldfather), Oxford, 1934.

Rutter, Owen, Thyough Foymosa, An Account of Japan's Island Colony, London, 1923.

Schwarzenberger, Georg, A Manual of Inteynational Law, Vol. 1, New York, 1960.

Starke, Joseph G., An Intyoduction Into Inteynational Law, London. 1947. Takekoshi, Yosaburo, Japanese Rule in F01'mosa, (translation by George

Braithwaite), London, 1907. Tung, William L., China and Some Phases of Inteynational Law, London, New

York, 1940. Tung, William L., Cases and Othey Readings on Inteynational Law, Shanghai,

1940. Tung, William L., The Political Institutions of Modeyn China, The Hague, 1964. Vattel, E. de, The Law of Nations, (translation of the edition of 1758 by Charles

G. Fenwick), Vol. 3, Washington, D.C., 1916.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 101

Von Schuschnigg, Kurt, International Law, An Introduction to the Law of Peace, Milwaukee, 1959.

Whiting, Allen S., Soviet Policies In China, 1917-1924, New York, 1957. Wilbur, Martin C., and How, Julie Lien-ying, (editors), Documents on Commu­

nism, Nationalism and Soviet Advisers in China, 1918-1927, New York, 1956.

Wilson, George Grafton, International Law, ninth edition, New York, 1935. Wolf, Christian, The Classics of International Law, (ed. James Brown Scott;

translated by Joseph H. Drake), London, 1934. Zouche, Richard, An Exposition of Fecial Law and Procedure of Law Between

Nations and Laws Concerning the Same, Vol. II (translation by James L. Brierly; edited by James B. Scott), Washington, D.C. 1911.

PAMPHLETS

Giap, General Vo Nguyen, People'S War, People's Army, Pamphlet AD 292744, Arlington, Virginia, 1955.

Liao, Joshua, Formosa Speaks, Hong Kong, 1950. Lin Yutang, An Analysis of the Conlon Report: Its Fallacies and Contradictions

as Viewed by Asians, (Unpublished Paper in Mimeograph Form), New York, January 1960.

Sih, Dr. Paul K. T., Two Chinas: Fact and Myth, Washington, D.C., 1962.

ARTICLES (Periodicals)

Bowles, Chester, "The China Problem Reconsidered," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 38, (April 1960), p. 479-482.

Chao Yin-ming, "The Sovereignty of Taiwan From the Viewpoint of International Law; Political Review, Taipei, Formosa, Vol. 13, No. 12, (Reprinted in the Central Daily News, Taipei, March 5, 1965.).

Cooper, Colonel Wade H., "International Law and Current Problems in the Far East," Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, Washington D.C. (April, 1955), p. 103-107.

Dean, Arthur H., "United States Foreign Policy and Formosa," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 33, (April, 1955), p. 3072.

Dean, Arthur, H., "International Law and Current Problems in the Far East," Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, Washington, D.C., April 1955), p. 81-95.

Dillard, Hardy Cross, "The Problem of Recognition," The Yale Review, Vol. 64, (February 1954), p. 128-183.

Godber, J. B., M.P., "Chinese Representation in the United Nations," British Information Services, T-56, (December 12, 1960), p. 1-3.

Harvey, Richard, "The Legal Status of Formosa," World Affairs Quarterly, Vol. 30, (1959-60), p. 134-153.

Hishida, Seiji, "Formosa, Japan's First Colony," Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, (January 1940), p. 264-269.

Hornbeck, Stanley K., "International Problems in the Far East," Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, (April 1955), p. 106-108.

Hoyt, Edwin C., "The United States Reaction to the Korean Attack," American Journal of International Law, Vol. 55 (January 1961), p. 60-71.

Hsiu, Chuan-wu, "Important Documents Concerning the Question of Taiwan:

102 BIBLIOGRAPHY

United States Armed Aggression Against Taiwan," Foreign Language Press, (February 1955), p. 21-23.

Hu, Shih, "China, In Stalin's GraI).d Strategy," Foreign Affairs, (October 1950), p. 14-37.

Jain, J. P., "The Legal Status of Formosa," American Journal of International Law, Vol. 57, No.1, (January 1963), p. 16-57.

Johnson, D. H. N., "Public International Law," The British Year Book of Inter­national Law, Vol. 29, (1952), p. 464-469.

Khan, Mohammed Samin, "Legal Aspects of the Problem of China's Representa­tion in the United Nations," Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 10, No.3, (September 1957), p. 138-144.

Kleinwachter, George, "The History of Formosa Under the Chinese Nationalist Government," China Review, Hong Kong (1884), p. 383-388.

Lauterpacht, E., "Effect of Cairo and Potsdam Declarations 1943- and 1946," The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 8 part 1, (January 1959), p. 182-189.

Lauterpacht, E., "Sovereignty In Suspense," The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 5, Part 3, (July 1956), p. 411-416.

Li, Thian-hok, "The China Impasse," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 36, No.3, (April 1958), p. 441-453.

Morse, Hosea B., " A Short Lived Republic," New China Review, Vol. 1, Hong Kong, (1919), p. 30-39.

O'Connell, D. P., "Legal Aspects of the Peace Treaty with Japan," The British Year Book of International Law, Vol. 39, (1953), London, p. 419-428.

O'Connell, D. P., "The Status of Formosa and The Chinese Recognition Problem, The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 50, No.2, (April 1956), p.403-409.

Padeford, Norman J., "The International Non-Intervention Agreement and the Spanish Civil War," The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 31, (1937), p. 587-608.

Peoples Daily, (Jenmin Jihpao), "Peiping Opposes one China one Taiwan Plot," (May 12, 1964), Chinese News Service, B. No.3, (May 25, 1964), p.1-2.

Phillips, Claude S., "The International Legal Status of Formosa," Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 10, (1957), p. 267-289.

Schwarzenberger, Georg, "Title to Territory: Response to a Challenge," The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 51, (1957), p. 311-314.

Spokesman, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (News Conference of October 16, 1959), Government Information Office, Taipei, p. 2-3.

Wright, Quincy, "The Chinese Recognition Problem," The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 49, No.2, (April 1955), p. 318-327.

ARTICLES (Newspaper)

Bodde, Derek, "Interference In Civil War Seen," New York Times, February 3, 1955, p. 27, Col. 6.

Chandler, Bronson W., "New Status For Formosa," New York Times, February 1, 1955, p. 28, Col. 7.

Chen, I-te, "Formosa's Independence," New York Times, December 24, 1964, p. 26, Col. 4.

Editorial, "Peiping Stresses Army's Readiness," New York Times, October 31, 1958, p. 10, Col. 7.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 103

Gange, John, "Chinese Decision Discussed," New York Times, February 1, 1955, p. 28, Col. 6.

Grew, Joseph, "Support of Taiwan Urged," New York Times, October 31, 1958, Section 4, p. 8, Col. 5.

Kotelawala, Sir John, "Colombian Plan," New York Times, April 22, 1955, p. 2, Col. 4.

Li Tze-chung, "Against Formosa Plebiscite," New York Times, December 10, 1964, p. 28, Col. 6.

Nakae, Y., First Secretary, Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations, Letter dated February 19, 1963, New York, p. l.

Schwarzenberger, Georg, "Letter to the Editor," The Times, London, February 2, 1955, p. 6, Col. 4.

Stone, N. I., "Policy on Red China," New York Times, February 3, 1955, p. 22, Col. 6.

Vincent, John Carter, "Two China Plan Opposed," New York Times, December 4, 1961, Section 4, p. 8, Col. 5.

INDEX

Acheson, Dean, 36 Acquisition by conquest, 68 Aiken, Frank, 42 Allied Powers, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,28

definition of, 82-83 Atlantic Charter, 21

Belligerency, status of, 77 Belligerent, qualifications of, 86-87 Bilateral treaties, legality of, 84-85 Bishop, William W., Jr, 68 Bodde, Derek, 38 Bohlen's Minutes, 16 Botan tribesmen, 11 Bowles, Chester, 49-50 Brierly, James L., 14

Cairo Conference, 14, 16 Declaration, 14-20, 26 British opinion of, 30 dereliction of obligations, 84-85 Indian interpretation of, 40 title to China, 87-88 validity, 21

Central People's Government of China, 30

Cessions, forced, 10-11 Chandler, Bronson W., 46, 48 Chao Yin-ming, 32 Chen Ti-chiang, 75, 77 Chiang Kai-shek, 4, 15, 16, 19, 25, 26,

49,66,88 aware of Russia's position, 59 break with Russia, 58 establishment of inilitary academy, 56 overthrow of, 53 re-election of, 25 Russian concessions to, 58

China, 16-20 Constitution of, 24-25, 75 Nationals of, 22 historical title to Formosa, 4-5 representation, 4, 33-34, 62

distinct from status of Formosa, 67,68

in United Nations, 67 struggle, of, 86-87 treaty terminating state of war with Japan, 71-72

Chinese, citizenship, 22 Communist Party, early history of, 55 Communists, 37

attitude toward international community, 66 claims of, 53 connection with Russia, 53-54 in Manchuria, 59 in northern China, 58-59 recognition of, 57 Russia and relations with, 53 Russian aid to, 38, 53, 60 victory in China, 60 Government, legitimacy of, 62

Governments, legitimacy of, 66 Nationalists, 18-19 pirate-traders, 6 Revolution, scope of, 62

Chou En-lai, 37, 49 annihilation of resistance, 66

Chow Ching-wen, 60 Chu Teh, 59 Civil War, recognition through, 77 Colombo Powers, 44, 48 Communist China, 4, 13

recognition and intervention, 79 validity of claims of, 69

Condominium, 32 Conlon Report, 42, 46-48

alternatives, 47 refutation of, 51-52 Senate Committee on Foreign Rela­tions,47

Cooper" Wade H., 65

Dalin, V., 55 Dallin, David, 58, 61 Dean, Arthur, 45 Dean, Sir Patrick, 30 Declarations, legal effect of, 88

INDEX 105

de Vattel, E., 7 Dulles, John Foster, 38

Eisenhower, Dwight D., 37, 45 Executed Treaties, 69

Fenwick, Charles G., 14,68 forced cessions, 27 Formosa, 14-17, 18-19

aborigines, 5 American position on, 35 attempted Japanese annexation of, 11-12 British position on, 30 cession to Japan, 13 claimants of, 4 Chinese rule of, 1.1 condominium over, 32 dereliction of, 31 Dutch defeat on, 9 Dutch traders on, 7 early history of, 4 early settlers of, 6 emigrees to, 6 independence of, 9, 21 Indian position on, 40 internal Chinese matter, 34, 35 international opinions on, 29 Irish position on, 42 Japanese acquisition, 12 Japanese position on, 39 Japanese settlers, 6 legality of China's acquisition, 10 legal opinions on, 29 legal status of, 1, 67, 73-74 location, 5 Nationalist Government's views on, 37,86 nominal right of China, 7 not Chinese territory, 71 not formally retroceded, 84 occupation by Nationalists, 92 original inhabitants, 5 plebiscite for, 52 Portuguese traders on, 7 Protectorate of China, 5 province of China, 23 provincial government of, 24 restored to Republic of China, 81 representatives in the local politics of,24 Russian position on, 32 seat in General Assembly, 42

sovereignty of, 1,3, 71 suzerainty of China, 23 title through Treaty of Cession, 89 ultimate disposition undetermined, 81 United Nations trusteeship, 21, 44

Formosan claims, validity of, 27 culture, China influence on, 6 Democratic Republic, 23 Nationalists, 9, 20, 25

claims of, 21, 22 Formosans, as Chinese citizens, 85

as Japanese subjects, 86 Fukien, Province of, 23

Authorities of, 7

Gentili,Alberico,10 Godber, J. P., 30 Governments, succession of, 73 Gromyko, Andrei, 50 Gross, Ernest, 36 Grotius, Hugo, 11

Ho Man, 5 Hornbeck, Stanley K., 65 Hu Shih, 56, 59 Huber, Max, 91 Hyde, Charles C., 14, 63, 68, 78

India, neutralist policy, 40 policy change on Formosa, 41 spokesman for Communist China, 40

Instrument of surrender, 18, 20, 31 Insurgents, aid to, 78

recognition of, 77 International Communist movement,

63 International court of Justice, 29, 41,

48,51 lack of jurisdiction, 65

Intervention, American, 37-38 by Russia, 53 by third states, 63 legal opinions on, 63

Italo-Ethiopian War, 80

Japan, 17, 18, 19,20 invasion of China, 78 rejection of Peiping's claims, 39-40

Japanese, expedition to Formosa, 12 pirate-traders, 12

Joffe, Adolf, 56

106 INDEX

jus sanguinis, 22 jus soli, 22

Khan, Sir Zafrulla, 72 Korea, sovereignty of, 31-32 Kotelawala, Sir John, 44 Koxinga, Kingdom of, 8 Kuomintang, 25, 26, 54, 58

armyof,57 break with Communist Chinese, 58 early history, 55 overthrow of, 54 Russian subversion of, 56

Lauterpacht, Hersch, 63, 69, 74, 80 League of Nations, actions on Ethio­

pia, 80 actions on Spanish Civil War, 64

Legitimacy, doctrine of, 75 Lin Yutang, 51 Li-ta-chao, 56 Li Tze-chung, 44

Malayans, 5 Malik, Jacob, 33 Manchu Dynasty, 8, 9, 10 Mao Tse-tung, 4, 21

formation of Red Army, 59 on Chinese Revolution, 62 on guerilla war, 77

Maring, G., 55 Matsu, Island of, 37 Maurer, Ely, 86 McLean, Justice, 92 Menon, V. K. Krishna, 40, 41 Ming Dynasty, 6, 8, 9 "Minutes of a Meeting of the Pacific

War Council," 15 Moore, John Basset, 7 Murayama, 12

Nationalists, 14 Nationalist China, 4,15,16,17,18,19,

20, 21, 23, 25, 37 claims of, 71 failure in northern China, 59

Nationalist Government, in exile, 71, 73-74 legitimacy of, 72 representative of China, 45 right to establish on Formosa, 26 shift to Formosa, 74 withdrawal of British recognition, 30

Nationality, by naturalization and birth, 22

Nehru, Jawaharlarl, 40 New Zealand proposal, 37 North Korean Communists, 36 North, Robert, 54

O'Connell, D. P., 19,31,88 Okazaki, Katsuo, 39 "One-China and One-Taiwan" con-

cept, 42, 49, 52 Oppenheim, Laurence, 10, 19,85,89,91 Ownership, 7

Palmas Case, 91 Peiping regime, claims to Formosa, 29

Illegal and treasonable, 75-76 recognition withheld, 35 refusal of diplomatic recognition, 38 Russian opinion on, 35 sovereign government, 34

People's Republic of China, admission to Security Council, 42

Pescadores, cession to Japan, 12 Dutch relinquishment, 7 United States obligation to, 48

Potsdam Conference, 17, 18, 19 Potsdam Declaration, 17, 18, 19

effect of, 18 Indian interpretation, 41

Prescription, legal opinions on, 91 title through, 90 uninterrupted and uncontested pos­session, 90-91

Providentia, Dutch fort of, 8 Pufendorf, Samuel, 11

Quemoy, Island of, 37

Rau, Sir Benegal N., 40 Recognition, circumstances surround­

ing, 79 conditions for, 78

Republic of China, 15, 16, 18, 19,26, 77 acceptance of Japanese surrender, 30-31 as Allied Power, 83 attempt to unseat, 33 claims of, 71 complaints against, 28 continuance of war, 79 elimination of, 34 identity of, 46

INDEX 107

non-recognition of Communist Chi­nese, 77 omission from peace treaty, 82 membership in United Nations, 72 right of representation, 76 right to enter treaty of cession, 90 signatory at surrender, 31 legal government, 93

Republic of Formosa, 23, 43 defense by U.S., 48 establishment of, 48

Republic of Taiwan, establishment of, 46

Revolutions, comparison of, 62 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 15, 16 Russia, 15, 16, 17

Aid to Communist Chinese, 63, 86-87 relations with Communist Chinese, 54 subversion of China, 55 interference in domestic affairs of China, 59 intervention, 33 revolutionary conspiracy in China, 58-59 support of Communists in China, 60-61

Russian Revolutionary Conspiracy, 63,87

San Francisco Treaty of Peace, 31, 32, 81, 82, 83, 84

Schwarzenberger, Georg, 22, 32, 92 Shepilov, I., 50 Sih, Paul K. T., 50 Sino-Japanese Treaty, 84, 85, 86

effects of ratification, 85-86 Sino-Soviet Treaty, 60 Sobolev, N., 34 Sovereignty, transfer of, 10 Soviet Government, 17

press, 18 Union, 17, 18

Spanish Civil War, 63-64 Stalin, Josef, 16, 17, 57, 58 Starke, Joseph G., 27, 63 States, personality of, 75

succession of, 76 Sui Dynasty, 75 Sun-Joffe Declaration, 56 Sun-Yat-sen, 25, 52, 55

overthrow of, 54

relations with Russia, 56 Russian Support of, 56

Taiwan, 39, 67 integral part of China, 37

Taiwanese, 21 Tajibaev, A., 33 Takekoshi, Yosaburo, 13 Teheran Conference, 16 Ti Chiang-chen, on acquisition of terri­

tory, 79-80 on belligerency, 77

Tingfu F. Tsiang, 60, 73, 79 Tokugawa Dynasty, 12 Treaties of Cession, 2, 68

transfer of title, 89 TreatyofShimonoseki,2, 12, 14,27,30

abrogation of, 69, 88 Communist position on, 68 voided,85

Treaty of Versailles, 54 Truman, Harry S., 35, 36 Tung, William L., 24, 25, 37, 63 Two-China concept, 29, 42, 43, 45, 46,

47,48, 49, 51 agreement of Nationalists and Com­munists,49 implications of, 76 rejection of, 42 Russian position on, 50-51 U.S. acceptance of, 47

United Nations, charter of, 24, 26, 44, 48,72,73 violation of charter, 60, 61

United States, reversal of Formosa policy, 35-36, 37

Vincent, John Carter, 46, 48 Voitinski, Gregori, 56 Von Schuschnigg, Kurt, 22 Vyshinsky, Andrei, 34

Whampoa, Academy of, 57 Wolf, Christian, 27 Wright, Quincy, 87 Wu Hsiu-Chuan, 67

Yoshida, Shigeru, 84 Yuan Dynasty, 6

Zeelandia, Dutch fort of, 8 Zorin, Valerin, 35 Zouche, Richard, 7