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Index

Acuerdo Nacional para el Campo(ANC), 111

Africa, x, 1, 20, 37, 44, 45, 68, 143,151, 163, 166

agency, 9, 11–12, 25, 42, 43, 147, 165agit-prop, 57agrarian

citizenship, 34, 54For a Genuine, Comprehensive and

Participatory Agrarian Reform, 58policies, 130reform, 34, 35, 41, 45, 48, 56–9, 61,

63, 65, 68, 84, 103, 106, 152,163–4

Agreement on Agriculture (AoA), 53in Chile, 15, 94in Europe, 130–1, 132in Mexico, 103–5, 109, 111,

113, 115profits of, 1

agribusiness, 3, 5, 21–4, 27, 29, 49,51, 63

agroecology, 22, 23, 27, 41, 52, 62, 70,115, 124

agro-export, 77, 164, 168agrofuels, x, 20, 55, 165–6

see also biofuelsaid

dependency, 34development, 164export, 163food, 51, 52, 68

Agroinsa, 104agrotourism, 134Allende, Salvador, 83Alliance for a Green Revolution in

Africa, 19alliances, 4, 6, 8, 13, 24, 48, 63–70, 74,

75, 91, 95, 109, 117, 126, 132,136, 138, 160, 162, 165, 166

alter-globalisation movement, 4

Alternative Food Networks (AFNs), 13,14, 25–9

in Europe, 123, 136–8Americas Social Forum, 74animal welfare, 130, 132arable land, 20, 21, 55Archer Daniels Midland (ADM), 1, 15,

24, 34, 105, 154in Mexico, 1, 99, 104

Article 27 (of MexicanConstitution), 103

asentamientos (agrarian reformcommunities), 84

Asociación Centroamericana deOrganizaciones Campesinas parala Cooperaciòn y el Desarrollo(ASOCODE), 45, 109, 163

Asociación Nacional de EmpresasComercializadoras deProductores del Campo (ANEC),15, 97–116, 143, 149–51, 152,153,155–7

Asociación Nacional de MujeresRurales e Indígenas (ANAMURI),8, 14, 15, 73–96, 143, 145,147, 149–50, 152, 153, 154,155–6, 157

Assembly of Social Movements, 63Association pour le Maintien d’une

Agriculture Paysanne (AMAP), 27,134, 150

Association for the Taxation ofFinancial Transactions and forCitizens’ Action (ATTAC),133, 161

Bachelet, Michele, 80, 85–6Bartolina Sisa, 92Basque Autonomous Community

(BAC), 118, 119, 122,126, 137

194

Index 195

basseria, 137Berlusconi, President Silvio, 123biodiversity, 6, 8, 14, 27, 41, 45, 51,

58, 67, 74, 88, 89, 92, 95, 101,106, 117, 132, 146, 155–6, 166

Cartagena Protocol on, 112biofuels, 20, 113, 145

see also agrofuelsbiosecurity Act, 105–6biotechnology, 2, 24, 35, 54, 89, 99,

117, 124, 132, 133, 145, 154Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas

(ALBA), 146–7, 159Bolivia, 41, 48, 50, 92, 110, 141, 151boomerang effect, 144Borlaug, Norman, 19Bovè, Josè, 132, 146, 163bovine spongiform encephalopathy

(BSE), 31, 133, 137Brazil, 5, 21, 41, 45, 48, 76, 87, 98,

110, 145, 150, 152, 165, 166‘Bretton Woods’ food regime, 22brokers, 145–6

Brundtland Report, 115Bunge, 20–1, 24

Cairns Group, 131Calderòn, Filipe, 111, 112campaigns, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 28, 64,

67, 138, 144, 147, 152–3, 154, 162advertising, 26in Chile, 73, 74, 78, 79, 86, 87, 88,

89, 91, 92–6, 145, 154Combat Monsanto, 133, 137, 161to end violence against women,

48–9in Europe, 117, 119, 121, 132, 133,

137–8for food sovereignty, 3, 22, 64,

141–69Freedom from Hunger, 65Global Campaign for Agrarian

Reform, 56–7, 163–4Internet, 161Make Poverty History, 145media, 99in Mexico, 99, 100, 108, 109, 110,

111–15public relations, 19

for Seeds as the Common Heritageof Humanity, 73, 88

transnational, 12, 15, 35, 89Campesino a campesino, 44Campesino organisations, 44, 45capitalism, capitalist models of

production, 3, 14, 22, 26, 28, 36,39, 40, 49, 55, 67, 77, 80, 82, 94,107, 120, 165

in Chile, 73, 82in Mexico, 99, 109, 110, 111

carbon markets, 89Cargill, 1, 15, 24, 74, 99, 104, 154, 165Carrefour, 25Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety,

112, 133Category Captains, 25Central American Free Trade

Agreement (CAFTA), 110Chiapas, 100, 103, 106child labour, 15, 62, 78China, 5, 21, 55, 76, 143Chiquita, 77civil society, 6, 30, 108

in Chile, 74, 80, 81, 82, 85, 92in Europe, 119, 127, 129, 134in Mexico, 146organisations (CSOs), 11, 65, 66,

162, 168Civil Society Mechanism (CSM), 169clicktivism, 161clientelism, 107–8, 148climate change, 3, 14, 41, 45, 46, 52,

67, 68–9, 78, 88, 101, 128–9,164, 166

clusters, food chain, 24Codex Alimentarius, 30Committee on World Food Security

(CFS), 5, 56, 65, 168commodification, 3, 88Common Agricultural Policy (CAP),

22, 122, 127–30, 136, 137Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), 127commons, the, 88, 164communication power, 160Community Network of Social

Movements, 74Community Supported Agriculture

(CSA), 27, 135

196 Index

complex, 165agroindustrial, 15, 99, 104food-fuel-feed, 24grain-livestock, 35

Concertacìon de Partidos por laDemocracia Concert, 77, 81,84, 85

Coordinadora Latinoamericana deOrganizaciones del Campo(CLOC), 73, 74, 86, 88, 98, 109,110, 150, 159

condensation symbol, 33Confédération Paysanne Européenne

(CPE), 46, 121, 136, 150consumers, 4, 7, 8, 13, 22, 23, 30, 32,

50–2, 54, 70, 95, 100, 116, 117,120, 134–8, 142, 156, 159, 162–3

consumption as political action, 25–9and GMOs, 124, 132–3

conventional food system, 26, 29Coordinadora de Organizaciones de

Agricultores y Ganaderos (COAG),121, 130, 134, 136, 138–9, 150

Co-ordinador Empresarials (ECCs),97, 98

co-production, with nature, 40, 41corn-tortilla cartel, 104–5corporate food regime, 22, 27, 31, 34,

36, 40corruption, 150

in Chile, 76in Mexico, 107–8, 112in Spain, 126

cosmopolitanism, 125cost-price squeeze, 35Council of All Lands, 84counterpower, 160crisis

of CAP, 129of commercial agriculture, 106,

118, 134of democracy, 111energy, 69environmental, 102of FAO, 66financial, 40, 46, 119food, 1–2, 14, 16, 19, 20, 34, 35, 36,

55, 68, 100, 106, 134, 137, 147,159, 168

grand signifier, 164–5Tequila, 103Tortilla, 100

critical communities, 14Cuba, 44, 55

Dantin, Michel, 128da Silva, FAO Director-General Jose

Graziano, 1, 168Declaration of Belem, 115Declaration of Maputo, 47Declaration of the Rights of Peasants –

Women and Men, 66–7, 167de la Madrid, Miguel, 102democracy, 39, 59, 64, 148, 151–4

in Chile, 76, 80–1, 82, 83, 86, 87,92, 93, 94, 95, 113, 151, 153

food, 34, 118, 166–7and food sovereignty, 15, 33,

50, 154as master frame, 115–16in Mexico, 111, 113, 115in Spain, 118, 119, 121, 126Third Wave, 107, 148

Demokratikong Kilusang Magbubukidng Pilipinas (dKMP), 45

De Schutter, Olivier, 22, 101, 167desertification, 40Desmarais, Annette, 43, 147developing countries, 130development, 2, 4, 9, 54

Box, 53in Chile, 75–7, 78, 83, 87, 93discourse, 34–9economic, 132in Europe, 119, 122, 125, 127,

128, 132failure of, 8in Haiti, 147human, 19industrial, 84, 127institutions and agencies, 20, 22,

35, 55–6, 64, 66ladder, 39International Conference on

Agrarian Reform and RuralDevelopment (ICARRD), 65

in Mexico, 98, 102, 106, 107, 116NGOs, 138, 145

Index 197

Organisation for EconomicCooperation and Development(OECD), 103

projects, 145right to, 116Round (Doha), 14rural, 40, 58, 59, 128, 134, 142sustainable, 87UN Development Program

(UNDP), 104women’s, 89

dictatorship, 60, 148in Chile, 76, 77, 80, 81, 84, 85, 90,

91, 92–4, 110–11in Spain, 118

Diouf, Jacques, 65, 68disappeared

family of, 90mothers of, 92

discourse coalition, 7, 10Discrimination in the Context of the

Right to Food, 66Diversa, 99Doha Development Round, 14, 21,

36, 63Dole, 77, 154double-price squeeze, 124drought, 1, 21

in Mexico, 99, 101dumping x, 6, 36, 50, 51, 52, 54,

61, 104

Earth Policy Institute, 64ecological

crisis, 165exploitation, 40farming methods, 3, 50, 52, 155–6health of planet, 4limits, 54modernisation, 36relationships, 28struggle, 32Traditional Ecological Knowledge

(TEK), 115values, 34see also agroecology

Economic Justice News, 64Economic Partnership Agreement

(EPA), 55

Ecuador, 41, 50, 93, 141, 151ejidos, 103, 105Ejército Zapatista de Liberación

Nacional (ENLZ), 103see also Zapatista

El Mercurio, 90El Pais, 126emerging economies, 5emerging markets, 76employment, 55, 58, 62, 164, 166

in Chile, 15, 78, 81, 82, 86in Mexico, 105, 106, 108, 110in Spain, 119women, 142see also labour

energyalternatives, 5, 143ethanol x, 167in industrial agriculture, 52, 68, 69,

102, 164markets, 20sovereignty, 165see also biofuels

environmental stewardship, 110ethno-biological knowledge, 115European Milk Board, 130European Union (EU), 8, 22, 66, 67,

102, 123, 124–7, 131, 132, 133,137, 153, 162

Agricultural Commissioner, 128attitudes to biotechnology, 132–3biofuels, 165FTA with Chile, 75Regional Development program

(RDP), 125Euskal Herriko Nekazarien Elkartasuna

(EHNE), 8, 15, 117–39, 145, 147,149, 150–2, 153, 155–6, 157, 175

exodusfrom city, 40rural, 49, 128, 136youth, 117, 120

export-processing zone (EPZ), 63Extalde movement, 117

factory farming, 120–1, 129family farming, x, 15, 38, 41, 51–2, 58,

117, 134

198 Index

farmers’ markets, 27in Chile, 89in Europe, 40see also local markets

farmsubsidy.org, 129, 162FIAN International, 9, 56–7, 64, 67,

145, 163, 167, 168financialisation, of food system, 20Food and Agriculture Organisation

(FAO), 5, 6, 20, 30, 36, 59, 60–1,64–6, 68, 131, 168

food empire, 40Food First, 64food miles, 28Food Policy Councils, 27food safety, 16, 27, 30–1, 32, 44, 117,

118, 124, 133, 136, 137food (in)security, 3, 5, 14, 27, 36, 38,

53, 56, 59–63, 65, 100, 146, 147,168, 169

in Europe, 128Global Assembly of, 63in Mexico, 98

food sheds, 28Food Sovereignty Prize, 19food sovereignty, xi, 3, 13, 14, 16, 22,

32, 45, 50–2, 53, 54, 55, 60, 64,141, 142, 146, 147, 155–7,166–7, 169

and agrarian-reform, 57–8campaigns for, 4, 6, 92, 110–11,

143, 145, 162, 164in Chile, 87, 92, 94democratic principles of, 11in Europe, 117, 118, 121, 123, 132,

133, 137, 138, 139, 149framing of, 7–8, 12, 94, 115, 151–2,

154, 163International Planning Committee

(IPC), 64, 168in Mexico, 15, 98, 100, 109, 110,

111, 114–16movement, 142oppositional discourse of, 35, 39, 69Peoples’ Coalition of, 88as political imaginary, 33, 34and progressive movements, 27, 70recognition of, 5, 65

relationship with food security,36–7, 60, 62

as solution to crises, 68, 164tours, 134transformative nature of, 23, 136and women and, 47, 49

food standards, 30Forum for Food Sovereignty, 50Fox, Vicente, 99, 111frames

analysis, 12collective action, 4, 8, 11, 49, 91–2,

93, 116, 147, 155–6, 157issue, 144master, 12processes, 12sponsor, 159

Francoism, 118, 119, 120–1, 126, 148free range, 49free trade, 2, 6, 43, 111, 145

agreements (FTAs), 22, 35Central American Free Trade

Agreement (CAFTA), 110in Chile, 15in Europe, 131Free Trade Agreement of the

Americas (FTAA), 53, 110in Mexico, 98–9, 103, 108, 114North American Free Trade

Agreement (NAFTA), 8, 15, 114Frei, Eduardo, 81Friends of the Earth, 56fueros, 118, 119

G8, 35, 68, 158, 164Gates, Bill, 19

and Melinda Gates Foundation, 34gender

in Chile, 79–83, 92–4inequality, 48, 82see also women

General Agreement on Tariffs andTrade (GATT), 44

Genetically modified organisms(GMOs), 34, 41, 69, 131

campaigns against, 97, 111, 132–4,152, 155, 161

framing of, 7, 31in Mexico, 97, 101, 111, 112, 122

Index 199

in Spain, 8, 124, 132–4, 137in the United States, 163

Global Campaign for AgrarianReform, see campaigns

Global Food and Farming FuturesReport, 54

Global Forum on AgriculturalResearch (GFAR), 64

Globalisation-from-below, 37Global Justice Movement, 63GRAIN, 56grassroots, 3, 5, 8–9, 45, 50, 65, 82, 93,

95, 103, 108Great Depression, 43Greening of Detroit, 166Greenpeace, 112, 132, 133, 138, 145,

150, 161Green Revolution, 2, 19, 23, 38, 45,

68, 164in agriculture, 77Alliance for a Green Revolution in

Africa (AGRA), 19in Chile, 76in food production, 20growth economic, 35, 53hormones, 132population, 20

Guatemala, 55, 76, 151

Haiti, 1, 87, 149health, 3, 15, 19, 21, 30, 32, 41, 48,

49, 50, 51–2, 53, 58, 59, 66, 75,78, 79, 86, 92, 95, 97, 100, 106,110, 113, 115, 120, 123, 129, 130,132, 155–6

GMOs, 31, 101, 111and pesticide use, 47, 102, 154of planet, 4the right to, 62, 66

High Level Panel of Experts on FoodSecurity and Nutrition (HLPE), 56

homogenisation of agriculture andculture, 24, 120, 123, 132

human rights, 2, 32, 33, 35, 45, 48,57, 64, 68, 86, 95, 96, 110, 112,142, 147, 151, 154, 161

food as, 60, 61Human Rights Watch, 85indigenous, 79, 115, 116

to land, 58of peasants, 67, 88of seasonal workers, 8system, 66United Nations Declaration of, 62United Nations Human Rights

Council, 167violations of, 56, 160

ideational pathways, 4, 12, 153identity/identities, 5, 8, 83, 109, 114,

120, 123, 125, 132, 137, 153, 154collective, 11, 34, 81, 93, 113,

116, 161knowledge, 39in Mexico, 101, 103, 105, 108, 109,

113–16organisations, 109, 111, 141threats to, 101, 106, 118women in Chile, 8, 14, 73–96, 85,

151, 156image events, 159incomes, 5, 33, 51, 56, 74, 81, 110,

122, 128, 135, 149–50, 155–6disparities, 77, 84, 106, 108, 118spent on food, 1women’s, 79, 81

indigenous, 20, 39, 51, 66see also human rights

Indonesia, 44, 67, 73, 145Indonesian Peasants Union (SPI), 45industrial agriculture x, 3, 23, 26, 29,

34, 35, 36, 40, 43, 49, 67, 124,131, 137

energy use, 69food system, 1, 19, 21, 28, 136markets, 169resistance to, 4, 31, 33, 41, 52, 120,

132, 135, 139structural violence of, 156

Indymedia, 159Insect Protected Crops (IPC), 101International Assembly of Women

Farmers, 48International Assessment of

Agricultural Knowledge, Scienceand Technology for Development(IAASTD), 2, 67–8

200 Index

International Conference on AgrarianReform and Rural Development(ICARRD), 65, 67

International Conferences of La ViaCampesina, 14, 43, 44, 46, 63, 67,159

International Conference onNutrition, National Developmentand Planning, 38

International CoordinatingCommittee of La Via Campesina(ICC), 44, 66

International Covenant on Civil andPolitical Rights (ICCPR), 62

International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR), 61, 62

International Federation ofAgricultural Producers (IFAP),43, 165

International Financial Institutions(IFIs), 46

International Fund for AgriculturalDevelopment (IFAD), 64

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 2,6, 13, 22, 53, 69, 102, 103, 164

International Operative Secretariat ofLa Via Campesina (IOS), 45

International Planning Committee forFood Sovereignty (IPC), 64,66, 168

Internet, 91, 108, 115, 149, 159–61Italian wine routes, 40

Japan, 22, 46, 55jornaleros, 105journalists, 87, 108, 129, 158, 162

Korea, 33, 46, 55

labour, 3, 24, 38, 40, 42, 43, 44, 75,77, 84, 95, 105, 115, 123, 125, 166

child, 15, 62, 78forced, 62gendered division of, 79, 82International Labour

Organisation, 86movements, 64, 110‘race to the bottom’, 63

rights, 13, 70, 92strikes, 119unions, 80

La Cuarta, 90Lagos, Ricardo, 81, 85La Hora, 90La Jornada, 15, 99, 110, 112–13, 157la malbouffe, 132land degradation, 20, 21, 102land grabbing, 5, 55–6, 67, 88,

131, 143La Red de Acción en Plaguicidas y sus

Alternativas de América Latina(RAP-AL), 74, 89, 147

La Tercera, 90latifundos, 163Latin American Movements, 74La Via Campesina, 3, 8, 9, 19, 23, 33,

34, 86, 89, 97, 129, 142, 167, 168on agrarian/land reform, 55–9,

78–9, 143, 163–4on agrofuels, 20, 165–6, see also

biofuelsalliances, 63–5, 70, 146, 150,

154, 162campaigns, 6, 73, 78, 88, 130, 133,

138, 161counter discourse, 6, 32–3, 35–6, 39,

53–4, 68, 74, 101, 131, 164declarations, 41in Europe, 121, 128, 132and FAO, 169on food security, 60on food sovereignty, 7, 11, 50,

61, 116lobbying, 67media, 158–60as network, 47and NGOs, 6, 65, 144–5International Operative

Secretariat, 45origins of, 43–4‘peasant internationalism’, 37peasant rights, 66and progressive food movement,

28, 70success of, 34, 141transnationalisation, 5, 46, 152women of, 47–9, 78

Index 201

learning networks, 11Lee Kyung Hae, 33Levantamiento, 103, 114liberalism, economic, 13, 22

neo–, 2, 3, 49, 77, 95, 102, 115–16,127, 142, 146, 169

trade, 101Liberia, 56localism, 13, 28–9, 166local markets, 52, 58, 123, 134, 136,

137, 168Louis Dreyfus, 43LRAN, 64–5

Madagascar, 56maize, 99

cultural significance of, 100–1, 106,114, 153

special treatment of, 104, 110transgenic, 8, 97, 101, 108,

111–12, 146Mali, 50, 141Managua, Nicaragua, 43Mapuche, 83–6, 87, 88, 93, 94, 96, 151marketing, 15, 38, 54, 98, 104, 109,

117, 122, 124, 168direct-selling, 118discourse, 26food product, 29

Market-Led Agrarian Reform (MLAR),35, 55, 57

Marrakesh Agreement, 44maternal malnutrition, 142McDonald’s, 132Mercosur, 87, 110

and dispossession, 35, 55migration, 42, 45, 49, 51, 62, 70, 75,

102, 105, 122Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs), 79milpa, 101, 106, 114mistica, 92, 95Mönckeberg, María Olivia, 90Mondragon food cooperative, 166monocultures, 21, 52Mons, Belgium, 43, 47Monsanto, 15, 22, 24, 74, 88, 99, 101,

111, 112, 124, 133, 137, 146, 154,155, 161, 165

Law, 73, 88, 111profits of, 1see also campaigns

moral economy, 32, 37, 60multifuntionality, 54, 106, 110, 123,

128, 131Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais

Sem Terra (MST), 45, 57, 145, 152,163, 166

Multilateral Agreement on Investment(MAI), 161

Nairobi, 143, 151nationalism, 85

substate, 126Nekasarea, 134–6, 155neoliberal model, see liberalism,

economicNepal, 50, 141Nèstle, 74Netherlands, 40, 129networks, 6, 8, 9–11, 30, 46, 57, 58,

63, 80, 90, 91, 93, 98, 99, 105,107, 115, 132, 138, 143, 145,149–50, 151, 160–1, 168

Dominant Actor Network (DAN), 10policy networks, 3, 125, 141, 146Subaltern Actor Network (SAN), 10Transnational Advocacy Network

(TAN), 5see also Alternative Food Networks

(AFNs)niche markets, 22, 29Nieto, President Enrique Peña, 97, 107North American Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA), see free tradeNorth Atlantic Treaty Organisation

(NATO), 46Novartis, 132Nueva Segovia, 166nutrition, 2, 20, 38, 56, 89, 106, 142,

168, 169and food sovereignty, 51transition, 5, 15, 100

Nyèlèni Declaration, 3, 50–1, 63, 116,132, 154, 159

Obama, Barack, 111obesity, 5, 15, 21, 99

202 Index

Occupy Wall Street, 154organic food, 13, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29,

31, 38, 45, 48, 89, 122, 124Organizaciones Economicas Populare

(OEP), 81Our World is Not For Sale (OWINFS),

5, 64, 154Oxfam, 56, 64, 74, 75, 109, 145, 150

pale greening, 128paradigm, 19, 21–3, 29

development, 34–6ecologically integrated, 22–3food sovereignty as alternative, 7,

61, 152, 154life sciences, 21–2neoliberal, 53

participationmandatory (in market

economy), 103in policy-making, 62, 65, 110, 131,

151, 168–9political, 80, 85, 92–4, 94, 118,

145, 147in protest, 8, 114, 138, 158, 161within social movements, 44–6, 47,

87, 159, 161Partido Revolucionario Institucional

(PRI), 107, 110Paula, 90peasant, 3, 4, 6, 13, 20, 34, 39–43, 44,

45, 50–1, 59, 60, 67, 68, 69, 70,81, 90, 98, 100, 103, 115, 120,131, 141, 142, 147, 166, 167

agency, 32, 39, 43agriculture, 3, 40–1, 45, 68, 89, 98,

100, 110displacement, evictions of, 35, 56,

62, 73, 74, 77, 143, 166identity, 43, 58, 153internationalism, 37knowledge of, 39, 94movements xi, 23, 56–7, 88, 97, 98,

109, 110, 117, 121repeasantisation, 40representations of, 42, 159rights of, and violations, 7, 57, 58,

62–3, 163women, 47–9, 75, 80, 83, 89, 92

pensions reform, 74People’s Coalition of Food Sovereignty

(PCFS), 88People’s Global Action (PGA), 115Peoples’ Trade Agreement (PTA), 146pesticides, 38

health impacts, 78, 90, 154Petrini, Carlo, 27Piñera, Sebastián, 90, 172Pinochet, Augusto, 76, 80, 81, 83–4,

89, 92, 95Pioneer, 124pluriactivity, 41pobalciones, 81pobladoras, 73, 83, 93, 96political consumerism, 26political opportunity, 3, 68

crisis as, 19, 31politics, 6, 7, 28, 29, 83, 89, 91, 92,

142, 159, 167food, 16, 143, 163geo–, 37identity, 83image, spectacle, 158, 160indigenous, 115of needs interpretation, 38

post-coloniality, 49poverty, 3, 32, 58, 66, 105, 145, 147

in Chile, 73, 76–7, 79, 80, 84, 85, 93in development discourse, 38–9,

55–6and hunger, 35, 38, 40, 49, 68, 163in Mexico, 102, 106

power shift, 5–7, 9, 16, 21, 141,143, 167

precautionary principle, 132press freedom, 108, 113, 126,

149–50, 157Principles for Responsible Agricultural

Investments (RAI), 56, 62, 64Prisa Media Group, 126productionist, 21–2productive resources, 55

access to, 2, 62, 63Programa de Apoyos Directos al

Campo (PROCAMPO), 99, 106progressive food movements, see

social movementsProsciutto War, 123

Index 203

Protected Designation of Origin(PDO), 123

Protected Geographic Indication(PGI), 123

protectionism, 131, 133protest, 4, 7, 151, 159, 164

alternatives to, 135in Chile, 80, 84, 85, 94in Europe, 120, 130, 133in Mexico, 100, 102, 105, 112,

114, 158paradigm, 159

Public-Private Partnership (PPP), 34public sphere, 23, 25, 144, 148,

149–50, 151, 157, 159, 162in Chile, 90, 92–3, 118, 147,

149–50in Europe, 119, 126–7, 149–50and private, 23, 43, 147

quality turn, 123Què Pasa, 90

radical social movements, see socialmovement

Ralco Hydroelectric Project, 84RegionAktiv, 40Regional Development Fund

(RDP), 125Regulation of the Rights of Breeders of

New Plant Varieties (UPOV 91),see Monsanto Law

Renessen, 165repertoires of action, 3, 16Resolution on the Right to Food, 67resource mobilisation theory

(RMT), 158right to food

and access to land, 55and FIAN International, 64and food security, 62and food sovereignty, 51in IAASTD, 68in Mexico, 100, 101, 107Special Rapporteur on, 13, 14,

22, 107see also human rights

rights, economic, 60, 96, 141, 148risk society, 29, 30, 135

Robin, Marie-Monique, 133Romania, 150

Sachs, Jeffrey, 39Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures

Agreement (SPS), 31, 132Saouma, Edouard Victor, 65scale-shift, 4, 7, 16, 43, 70, 132,

138, 144securitisation, discourse of, 60, 164Scott, James C., 42, 89seeds, 8, 38, 41, 47, 50, 51, 52, 55, 57,

71, 97, 146agribusiness control of patents,

23–4, 60, 73, 88, 124in Chile, 14, 73, 74, 86, 88–9, 92,

94, 153, 155–6in Mexico, 97, 102transgenic, 67, 101see also campaigns

Servicio Nacional de la Mujer(SERNAM), 82, 91

short food supply chains (SFSC),135–6, 138

see also Alternative Food Networks(AFNs)

Sime Derby, 56Slow Food Movement, 27, 88small-holder agriculture, 41

in Chile, 78in Europe, 117, 129farmers, 4, 8, 27, 44, 57, 67,

166, 168in Mexico, 105

Small Organic Farmers’ Forum(ZIMSOFF), 45

social movementalliances, 63–5, 68, 70, 74, 143,

154, 167brokers, 145–6in Chile, 14, 73, 82, 85, 88, 89, 90,

92, 93, 95communication, 67, 143,

157–60, 162in Europe, 117, 120, 124, 127,

139, 147framing, 12, 19, 33, 50, 57, 59, 152,

163–4in Mexico, 107, 108, 116

204 Index

social movement – continuedprogressive food movements, 13,

14, 23, 27–8, 31, 70, 135, 138–9,146, 166

radical social movements, 22, 31,35, 39, 70, 138, 146, 166

rural, 4, 44, 148strategies, 7transnational networks, 2, 6, 8,

9–11, 16, 43, 64, 74, 141,144, 161

women’s, 48–9, 81, 89, 141world’s largest, 3see also civil society organisations

(CSOs)Solidarnosc-Rural, 45State science, 39structural adjustment, 60, 102,

103, 108subaltern perspective, 10, 11, 39subsidies, 34, 53, 86, 99, 104, 129,

130, 131information, 158, 162–3

Summit of the Peoples, 88supermarkets, 25, 120Surin Declaration, 41sustainable development, discourse of,

36, 87Syngenta, 24, 74, 124, 133

Taiwan Province, 55temporeras, 78teocintle, 100Tequila Crisis, 103Terre Madre, 27terroir, 123Tesco, 25Third Wave Democracies, 107, 148Third World, in development

discourse, 37–8Tlaxcala, Mexico, 97Tortilla Crisis, 100Tozzi Green, 56traceability schemes, 30trade

agenda, 21, 113blocs, 67, 110fair, 3, 28, 29, 36, 52, 61, 78, 94, 98,

114, 116, 142, 154

financial traders, 20, 88grain traders, 104impact on health, 100liberalisation, 2, 6, 25, 30–1, 39,

43–4, 49, 51, 53, 68, 75, 95–6,101–3, 105, 119, 128

regime, 15, 24, 50, 54, 92, 141,155–6, 161

regional, 99, 164talks, 14, 21unions, 42, 70see also free trade

Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK), 115–16

transaction costs, 152, 161Transnational corporations (TNCs), 2,

14, 21, 31, 35, 36, 43, 46, 56, 69,70, 74, 88, 105, 114, 136–7, 152,155–6, 166

Transnational Institute, 64Treaty of Rome, 120trickle-down effect, 2, 106tropical products, 61trust, 105, 145, 169

in food system, 28–32in political institutions, 76

txikiteo, 120txokos, 119, 135

União Nacional de CamponeseMoçambique (UNAC), 166

Unilever, 25Unión Nacional de Agricultores y

Ganaderos (UNAG), 43Unión Nacional de Organizaciones

Regionales CampesinasAutonomas (UNORCA), 97, 150

United NationsBiodiversity Conference, 112Conference on Trade and

Development (UNCTAD), 64Declaration of Human Rights

(UNDHR), 62Declaration for the Rights of

Indigenous People, 93, 115Development Program (UNDP), 104Framework Convention on Climate

Change (UNFCCC), 69

Index 205

Human Rights Council(UNHRC), 167

see also Food and AgricultureOrganisation (FAO)

United States Border AgriculturalWorkers’ Project, 55

United States Farm Bill, 22UNite to End Violence Against

Women, see campaignsurbanisation, 23Uruguay Round, 44, 103

Venezuela, 50, 95, 141, 166Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible

Governance of Tenure of Land,Fisheries and Forests in the Contextof National Food Security, 62, 168

Waitrose, 50Walmart, 74, 137Washington Consensus, 2waste, food, 21, 22water

access to, 55, 66, 68, 163and agrarian reform, 58as common goods, 130International Water Management

Institute, 64management of, 51, 52, 122preservation of, 50, 54, 101privatisation of, 74right to, 62, 83see also productive resources

weather, extreme events, 21see also climate change

womenin development discourse, 38in international forums, 44, 47–9leadership of, 155

Mapuche, 83–6most affected by hunger, 20, 55, 142movement, see social movementownership of land, 47violence against, 49, 85–6, 156Women’s Commission of La Via

Campesina, 47–8see also gender

World Bank, 2, 6, 22, 35, 53, 56, 68,69, 84, 101, 102, 103, 163

Global Agriculture and FoodSecurity Program, 34

World Food Congress, 65World Food Prize, 19World Food Program, 2, 64World Food Summit (WFS), 20, 48, 50,

63, 65World Food Summit: Five Years Later

(WFS:fyl), 65, 111World Forum on Agrarian Reform, 48World Health Organisation (WHO), 30World March of Women, 74, 147World Social Forum (WSF), 63,

143, 154on Migrations, 55TV, 159

World Trade Organisation (WTO), 2,6, 13, 22, 30, 33, 39, 42, 44, 53,60, 63, 68, 98, 104, 128, 131, 132,137, 145, 152, 156, 158, 159, 161

see also Doha Development RoundWorldwatch Institute, 64

Ya Basta, 115

Zapatista, 103, 113–16, 144Zeta, 126Ziegler, Jean, x–xi, 2, 14, 61Zimbabwe, 41