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Notes on the Contributors

Leah A. Carroll is program coordinator of the Haas Scholars Program at University of California, Berkeley and secretary of the Latin American Studies Association’s Colombia Section. Her dissertation (forthcoming as a book by University of Notre Dame Press) addresses the effects of democratization in several of Colombia’s rural war zones that had both active guerrilla fronts and leftist electoral majorities.

David Close is professor of political science at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. In addition to several journal articles, he has also pub-lished three books on Nicaragua, his two most recent being Undoing Democracy: The Politics of Electoral Caudillismo, 2004 (with Kalowatie Deonandan) and Nicaragua: The Chamorro Years, 1999.

Kalowatie Deonandan is an associate professor in the Department of Political Studies at the University of Saskatchewan. She has published on Guyana, Nicaragua, and Cuba. Aside from several journal articles and book chapters, her most recent work is a coedited volume (with David Close), Undoing Democracy: The Politics of Electoral Caudillismo, 2004.

Sara Rich Dorman is a lecturer in the School of Social and Political Studies at the University of Edinburgh. She researches on African politics, focusing on postliberation states: Zimbabwe and Eritrea. Her publications include several book chapters as well as articles in journals among others: Commonwealth and Comparative Politics: Journal of Southern African Studies, Third World Quarterly and African Affairs. She is also co-editor of the aforementioned African Affairs.

Carlos Figueroa Ibarra is a professor of sociology at the Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México. He has published extensively on Guatemala, and amongst his works are the following books: El proletariado rural en el agro Guatemalteco, 1980; El recurso del Miedo: Ensayo sobre Estado y terror en Guatemala, 1991; Los que

264 ● Notes on the Contributors

siempre estarán en ninguna parte: La desaparición forzada en Guatemala, 1960–1996, 1999; Paz Tejada Militar y Revolucionario, 2001, second edition 2004; and La transformación de la izquierda revolucionaria en Centroamérica, 2006 (coedited with Salvador Martí í Puig).

Assis Malaquias is an associate professor of government at St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York. He has published extensively on issues pertaining to security and governance in Africa. His works have appeared in the following: Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa Bulletin, Journal of International Affairs, Review of African Political Economy and O Mundo em Portugues.

Carrie Manning is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science at Georgia State University in Atlanta. She is the author of more than a dozen articles on post-conflict democratization and state-building in Africa and in the Balkans and the book The Politics of Peace in Mozambique, 2002. Her work has appeared among others in the following: Comparative Politics, Journal of Democracy, Studies in Comparative International Development and Democratization.

Salvador Martí i Puig is a professor in the Departamento de Ciencia Politica y Derecho Publico of the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Amongst his extensive publications are several books including: La trans-formación de la izquierda revolucionaria en Centroamérica, 2006 (with Carlos Figueroa); The Origins of the Peasant-Contra in Nicaragua, 1979–1987, 2001; Tiranías, rebeliones y democracia: Itinerarios políticos com-parados en Centroamérica, 2004; América Central, las democracias inciertas, 1998; and Nicaragua 1977–1996, La revolución enredada, 1997.

Gary Prevost is a professor in the Department of Political Science at Saint John’s University and the College of Saint Benedict in Minnesota, and has written on both the FSLN (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional) and the ANC (African National Congress). His books include: Politics in Latin America-The Power Game, 2005–2006 (with Harry Vanden); Neoliberalism and Neo panamericanism: The View from Latin America, 2002 (with Carlos Oliva Campos); The Undermining of the Sandinista Revolution, 1997 (with Harry Vanden); The 1990 Elections in Nicaragua and their Aftermath, 1992 (with Vanessa Castro); and Politics and Change in Spain, 1985 (with Thomas D. Lancaster).

Martin Weinstein is professor of political science at the William Paterson University of New Jersey. He is the author of over three dozen articles and chapters on Uruguayan politics as well as two books, Uruguay: Democracy

Notes on the Contributors ● 265

at the Crossroads, 1988 and The Politics of Failure, 1975. He is the recipient of two Fulbright awards related to his research and teaching in Uruguay.

Suzanne Wilson is associate professor of sociology at the Gustavus Adolphus College of Minnesota. She has published articles examining the political economy of the cocaine trade and hate crimes against street children in Colombia. Her research focuses on theorizing right-wing violence in Colombia and elsewhere in Latin America.

Index

Afewerki, Issais, 230, 234African National Congress (ANC), 4,

8, 17, 149, 188, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198, 200, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 226, 233, 291, 306, 308, 317, 324, 326, 331, 340, 354, 360

Afro-Guyanese, 152, 153, 154, 157, 160, 177, 179

Alemán, Arnoldo, 21, 23, 37, 39, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49, 58, 60, 316, 326

Arnoldistas, 42Alianza Democrática M-19 (AD M-19),

111, 118, 119, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 140, 142, 144, 334

Alianza Liberal Nicaragüense (ALN), 23, 43, 44, 47, 49, 62

Alianza Nueva Nacíon (ANN), 71, 82, 84, 85, 86

Alliance for a New Nation. See Alianza Nueva Nacíon (ANN)

Alliance for Change (AFC), 171, 172, 174

Alternate Way Movement, 126, See Movimiento Vía Alterna

Alves, Nito, 296Andrés Pastrana, 125, 126, 129Anti-privatization Movement, 217April 19th Movement. See Movimiento

19 de Abril (M-19)

Armed Revolutionary Forces of Columbia. See Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)

Arzú, Álvaro, 80Asturias, Rodrigo, 71, 84, 85, 87AUC. See Autodefensas Unidas de

Colombia (AUC)Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia

(AUC), 125, 130

Barama, 168Barco, Virgilio, 113Batista, Fulgencio, 1, 203Batlle, Jorge, 98Beijing Consensus, 214, 224Betancur, Belisario, 112, 113, 115, 116,

124, 129, 137, 139, 347Black Economic Empowerment (BEE),

213Blair, Tony, 205, 206Blanco Party (Partido Nacional), 106Bolaños, Enrique, 38, 39, 60Bordaberry, Juan Maria, 108British Labor Party (BLP), 189Burnham, Linden Sampson Forbes,

151, 154, 155, 156, 157, 160, 168, 172, 174, 176, 182, 184, 354

CACIF. See Comité Coordinador de Cámaras del Agro, Comercio, Industria y Finanzas (CACIF)

Calland, Richard, 210, 224, 334

268 ● Index

Camilist Union-National Liberation Army

See Unión Camilista-Ejército de Liberación Nacional (UC-ELN), 118

Carter Center, 156, 168, 182, 311, 334Castro, Fidel, 1, 19, 59, 159, 219, 221,

334, 344, 360centralization, 151, 174, 176, 285, 296,

319, 324, 326, 330Chamorro, Violeta, 34, 35, 36, 41, 59,

60, 62, 64, 358charisma, 159, 174, 176, 182, 326, 333,

342Chávez, Hugo, 48, 49, 50, 57, 62, 64,

97, 316China, 288Chipenda, Daniel, 287churches, 75, 235, 238, 241, 242, 310Civil Defence Patrols. See Patrullas de

Autodefensa Civil (PACs)civilians, 112, 113, 115, 131, 229Clinton, Bill, 206cold war, 3, 9, 98, 132, 147, 156, 158,

162, 164, 181, 204, 227, 228, 229, 285, 288, 350

Colom, Álvaro, 82, 85Colorado Party, 106Combat Party, 51Comité Coordinador de Cámaras del

Agro, Comercio, Industria y Finanzas (CACIF), 80

Comité de Unidad Campesina (CUC), 67, 74

Communist Party of Angola. See Partido Comunista de Angola (PCA)

Communist Party of Colombia. See Partido Comunista de Colombia (PCC)

Concerned Citizens Group, 217Congress of the South African Students

(COSAS), 191Congress of the South African Trade

Unions (COSATU), 191, 206,

207, 208, 210, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 336

Conservative Party (CP), 193, 214Constitutionalist Liberal Party. See

Partido Liberal Constitucionalista (PLC)

Coordinadora Democrática, 32Corriente de Renovación Socialista

(CRS), 118, 122, 127, 128, 134, 139, 141, 144

corruption, 39, 79, 84, 100, 151, 164, 171, 179, 243, 265, 266, 296, 297, 298, 314, 330

COSATU. See Congress of the South African Trade Unions (COSATU)

Council of State (Nicaragua), 30, 31, 32

CRS. See Corriente de Renovación Socialista (CRS)

Cruz, Arturo, 32Cuba, 1, 19, 103, 203, 219, 220, 234,

246, 290, 291, 294, 308, 339, 341, 347, 358

Cuito Cuanavale, 220

da Cruz, Viriato, 287Davos Economic Summit, 206Davos Economic Summit 2005, 206DeKlerk, F.W., 193, 195Demerara Timbers, 168democracy, 10, 12, 19, 28, 66, 76, 77,

78, 86, 87, 97, 98, 102, 103, 104, 136, 148, 149, 156, 157, 160, 162, 171, 174, 206, 228, 232, 233, 235, 253, 258, 265, 280, 305, 308, 310, 321, 324, 327, 330

anti-democratic, 316democratization, 35, 75, 77, 136,

171, 202, 253, 358, 359Democratic Alliance (DA), 111, 203Democratic Party (DP), 4, 17, 58, 103,

193, 208Democratic Pole. See Polo Democrático

(PD)Development Research Centers, 202

Index ● 269

Dhlakama, Afonso, 258, 268, 270, 279, 283

dos Santos, José Eduardo, 299, 301Durban, 195, 217, 222

East Germany, 197Economic Recovery Programme (ERP),

164, 166Edgar Ibarra Guerrilla Front. See Frente

Guerrillero Edgar Ibarra (FGEI)Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN),

111, 112, 113, 116, 118, 124, 126, 128, 132, 134, 144

Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP), 66, 67, 70, 71, 73, 74, 80, 91, 93

Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL), 112, 113, 118, 120, 124, 127, 128, 132, 134, 140, 142, 144

El Salvador, 4, 13, 20, 55, 65, 67, 72, 77, 82, 88, 90, 149, 198, 331, 354

elections, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 49, 51, 53, 59, 60, 65, 73, 78, 79, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 91, 94, 96, 97, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 119, 120, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 132, 137, 138, 139, 140, 144, 145, 146, 151, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 171, 172, 176, 177, 179, 188, 193, 195, 198, 200, 214, 215, 216, 219, 232, 235, 238, 249, 252, 254, 255, 257, 258, 261, 266, 268, 269, 270, 272, 273, 276, 277, 280, 284, 295, 301, 302, 305, 306, 308, 310, 314, 319, 321, 323, 324, 326

Electoral Sandinismo, 32Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), 230,

313, 322Eritrean People’s Liberation Front

(EPLF), 17, 230, 236, 238, 239, 244, 313, 314, 322, 350

Erwin, Alec, 215

Esperanza, Paz y Libertad (EPL), 112, 113, 118, 120, 124, 127, 128, 132, 134, 140, 142, 144

Faku, Nceba, 216, 217FAR. See Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes

(FAR)Farabundo Martí National Liberation

Front (FMLN), 4, 13, 14, 77, 87, 88, 90, 94, 149, 331

FARC. See Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)

Fraser-Moleketi, Geraldine, 215free trade, 15, 107, 168, 316Freedom Charter, 195, 208, 219FRELIMO. See Frente de Libertação de

Moçambique (FRELIMO)Frente Amplio, 3, 96, 97, 101, 103,

104, 105, 106, 107, 306, 320, 326Frente de Libertação de Moçambique

(FRELIMO), 4, 7, 13, 14, 17, 19, 55, 151, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 278, 279, 280, 282, 284, 305, 318, 319, 323, 324, 325, 339, 342

Frente Democrático Nueva Guatemala (FDNG), 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85

Frente Guerrillero Edgar Ibarra (FGEI), 66

Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola (FNLA), 287, 288, 290, 291, 293

Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), 2, 4, 8, 13, 14, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 88, 149, 157, 198, 203, 220, 305, 308, 314, 316, 326, 360

Frente Social y Politico (FSP), 126

270 ● Index

Front for the Liberation of Mozambique. See Frente de Libertação de Moçambique (FRELIMO)

Front National pour la Libération du Congo (FNLC), 292

FSLN. See Sandinista National Liberation Front

FSP. See Frente Social y Politico (FSP)Fuerzas Armadas Rebeldes (FAR), 66,

67, 70, 71, 73, 74, 90, 91, 93Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de

Colombia (FARC), 16, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 116, 118, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 144, 198, 306, 328

G-15, 232, 234Gates, Bill, 206Gauteng, 213Gaviria, César, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124,

131Gorbachev, Mikhail, 197, 301Governing Council of National

Reconstruction. See Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción Nacional (JGRN)

Growth, Employment and Recovery (GEAR), 202, 208, 210, 212, 223

Guatemalan Labour Party. See Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo (PGT)

Guatemalan National Revolutionary Union. See Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG)

Guatemalan Peace Accords. See Acuerdos de Paz Firme y Duradera, 1996

Guerrilla Army of the Poor. See Ejército Guerrillero de los Pobres (EGP)

guerrilla demobilizations, 135Guevara, Che, 189, 220, 341Guyana Sugar Corporation

(GUYSUCO), 168

GUYSUCO. See Guyana Sugar Corporation (GUYSUCO)

Guzmán, Luis Humberto, 36

Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC), 166

Hinds, Samuel, 172, 174, 176, 177, 186, 342

HIPC. See Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC)

HIV/AIDS, 217, 219Hope, Peace and Liberty. See

Esperanza, Paz y Libertad (EPL)Hoyte, Desmond, 156, 157, 164

Ilón, Gaspar. See Asturias, RodrigoIndependent Democratic Pole. See Polo

Democrático Independiente (PDI)

Indigenous Social Alliance Movement. See Movimiento Alianza Social Indígena (ASI)

Indo-Guyanese, 152, 153, 157, 177, 179, 182, 343

Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), 200International Monetary Fund (IMF),

157, 164, 165, 166, 181, 182, 184, 208, 265, 301, 310, 314, 316, 319, 345, 354

Iraq, 198Irish Republican Army (IRA), 5, 198

Jagan, Cheddi, 3, 25, 149, 151, 153, 156, 159, 164, 176, 179, 181, 182, 184, 308, 326, 342, 343, 353

Janet, 176Jarquín, Edmundo, 23, 58Jorge Soto, 71, 84, 87July 26th Movement (M26J), 203Junta de Gobierno de Reconstrucción

Nacional (JGRN), 28, 30

Kasrils, Ronnie, 215Kuwait, 198

Index ● 271

Kwazakele, 215, 220, 224, 225KwazuNatal, 200

leadership, 13, 17, 22, 35, 37, 41, 53, 60, 65, 71, 87, 94, 104, 112, 113, 131, 151, 153, 159, 171, 174, 176, 177, 179, 189, 191, 193, 195, 199, 200, 202, 209, 210, 213, 216, 219, 229, 230, 232, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261, 262, 263, 270, 272, 273, 274, 276, 277, 278, 287, 304, 311, 324, 326, 330

Lenin, V.I., 206, 212, 224Lewities, Herty, 47Lima, Turcios, 66, 91

M-19 Democratic Alliance. See Alianza Democrática M-19 (AD M-19)

Mandela, Nelson, 189, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198, 206, 208, 209, 210, 219, 220, 223, 346, 347

Manley, Michael, 159, 179Manuel, Trevor, 71, 123, 208, 210, 224Mbeki, Thabo, 189, 195, 197, 204,

206, 210, 214, 215, 220, 222, 224, 331, 340

media, 10, 20, 23, 25, 32, 58, 59, 64, 74, 75, 90, 103, 104, 109, 112, 123, 126, 131, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 146, 179, 181, 182, 184, 186, 208, 214, 219, 220, 222, 224, 226, 238, 244, 245, 246, 248, 256, 281, 282, 283, 284, 303, 311, 330, 331, 333, 334, 335, 337, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 358

Mitrione, Daniel, 101Monsanto, Pablo. See Jorge SotoMontealgre, Eduardo, 23Montenegro, Nineth, 85Montt, Gen. Efraín Ríos, 93Morán, Rolando. See Ramírez de León,

Ricardo Arnoldo

Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), 232, 240, 241, 249

Movimento Popular da Libertação de Angola (MPLA), 4, 7, 15, 19, 195, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 293, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 305, 307, 308, 314, 316, 322

Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA), 4, 195, 285, 305

Movimiento 19 de Abril (M-19), 4, 111, 112, 113, 118, 119, 120, 122, 126, 131, 133, 139, 140, 144, 146, 334, 356

Movimiento Alianza Social Indígena (ASI), 122, 128, 130, 131, 134, 135, 140, 144

Movimiento de Liberación Nacional (MLN-Tupamaros), 3, 16, 79, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 306, 319, 321, 326, 344

Movimiento Renovador Sandinista (MRS), 23, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 58

Movimiento Vía Alterna, 126Mozambican National Resistance. See

Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO)

MPLA. See Movimento Popular da Libertação de Angola (MPLA)

MRS. See Movimiento Renovador Sandinista

Mugabe, Robert, 20, 230Mujica, José (Pepe), 97

National Constitutional Assembly (NCA), 240, 249

national democracy, 151, 163, 164, 166, 319

National Directorate, FSLN, 35, 55, 59, 73

National Economic Development & Labor Council (NEDLAC), 212

272 ● Index

National Front for the Liberation of Angola. See Frente Nacional de Libertação de Angola (FNLA)

National Front for the Liberation of Congo. See Front National pour la Libération du Congo (FNLC)

National Liberation Army. See Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN)

National Liberation Party. See Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN)

National Party (NP), 106, 188, 191, 193, 195, 197, 198, 200

National Union for the Total Independence of Angola. See União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA)

National Union of the Opposition (UNO), 34, 35, 36, 43, 44, 56

Nationalist Liberal Party, 53neoliberalism, 9, 19, 79, 87, 120, 149,

151, 168, 179, 208, 213, 217, 219, 258, 330

nepotism, 265Neto, Agostinho, 286, 287Netshitenzhe, Joel, 215New Global Order, 181New Guatemala Democratic Front. See

Frente Democrático Nueva Guatemala (FDNG)

New Progressive Agenda, 204New York Accord, 294Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance. See

Alianza Liberal Nicaragüense (ALN)

Nkomo, Joshua, 230non-governmental organization

(NGO), 235, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 247, 248, 249, 250, 310, 311, 334, 336, 337

Nqakula, Charles, 215

Obando y Bravo, Cardinal Miguel, 37Omai, 168, 169Operación Victoria, 68

Organización del Pueblo en Armas (ORPA), 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74, 91, 93

Organization of African Unity (OAU), 229, 287

Organization of the People in Arms. See Organización del Pueblo en Armas (ORPA)

Ortega, Daniel, 21, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 47, 49, 53, 57, 58, 60, 316

Danielistas, 42Ortega-Alemán Pact, 28, 62Oslo Accord, 75

Pacheco Areco, Jorge, 101, 102Palestinian Liberation Organization

(PLO), 4, 198Pan Africanist Congress, 189Partido Comunista de Angola (PCA),

286Partido da Luta Unida dos Africanos de

Angola (PLUA), 286Partido Guatemalteco del Trabajo

(PGT), 65, 66, 67, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 79, 87, 90, 91, 93

Partido Liberación Nacional (PLN), 26Partido Liberal Constitucionalista

(PLC), 21, 23, 37, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47, 49, 53, 55, 62

Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT), 118, 122, 127, 128, 134, 141, 144

Patriotic Union. See Unión Patriótica (UP)

Patrullas de Autodefensa Civil (PACs), 69, 92, 93, 189, 215, 328

People’s Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ), 230, 232, 239, 242, 246, 250, 305

People’s National Congress (PNC), 151, 152, 154, 156, 157, 159, 160, 164, 168, 171, 172, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 186, 310, 324

Reform, 151, 156, 177, 181

Index ● 273

People’s Progressive Party (PPP), 3, 7, 16, 17, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 181, 182, 184, 305, 306, 308, 319, 324, 326

Civic, 148, 160, 181Persian Gulf War, 198Plan 2015, 210Policy Network, 204Polo Democrático (PD), 111, 131, 146,

350Polo Democrático Alternativo (PDA),

111, 131, 132, 134, 135, 137, 146, 147, 350

Polo Democrático Independiente (PDI), 131, 146, 350

Popular Liberation Army. See Ejército Popular de Liberación (EPL)

Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola. See Movimento Popular da Libertação de Angola (MPLA)

Port Elizabeth, 200, 214, 215, 216, 220, 222, 224, 226

Portugal, 283, 290, 291, 298, 339Poverty Reduction Strategy, 166Pretoria, 217privatization, 19, 168, 217, 255, 274,

275, 302, 323Proletarian Tendency, 26

Quintín Lame, 118, 140

Ramírez de León, Ricardo Arnoldo, 91, 337

Ramírez, Sergio, 35, 36Reagan, Ronald, 191Rebel Armed Forces. See Armadas

Rebeldes (FAR)Reconstruction and Development

(RDP), 208Redebe, Jeff, 215RENAMO. See Resistência Nacional

Moçambicana (RENAMO)

Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO), 8, 17, 19, 151, 252, 253, 254, 255, 258, 260, 261, 263, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 272, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 323, 324, 346, 355

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia. See Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)

rightshuman, 66, 75, 77, 78, 85, 93, 94, 104,

107, 108, 112, 113, 122, 135, 310women’s, 20

Rizo, Jose, 23Rodney, Walter, 172, 184, 344Russia, 202

Samper, Ernest, 124Sandinista Assembly, 35, 59Sandinista National Liberation Front

(FSLN)See Sandinista National Liberation

Front, 2, 6, 13, 21, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 59, 62, 77, 88, 90, 198, 316

Sandinista Renewal Movement. See Movimiento Renovador Sandinista (MRS)

Sanguinetti, Julio Maria, 105Savimbi, Jonas, 285, 303Shilowa, Mbhazima, 213Shining Path of Peru, 198Sithole, Ndabaningi, 230Slovo, Joe, 195, 220Social and Political Front. See Frente

Social y Politico (FSP)See Frente Social y Politico (FSP), 126

social democracy, 32, 41, 86, 119, 163, 204, 206, 228, 313, 318, 321, 330

Socialist Renovation Current. See Corriente de Renovación Socialista (CRS)

274 ● Index

Solana, Javier, 206Somoza García, Anastasio, 26, 27, 30,

42, 52, 55, 62, 203, 314, 316South African Communist Party

(SACP), 195, 197, 200, 206, 207, 208, 210, 214, 215, 216, 217, 220, 222

South African Defense Forces (SADF), 291, 293

South African National Civic Organization (SANCO), 200

South West Africa Peoples Organization (SWAPO), 4, 195, 292, 295, 331, 345

Soweto Electricity Crisis Committee, 217

students, 30, 67, 105, 112, 163, 235, 237, 242, 261

SWAPO. See South West Africa Peoples Organization (SWAPO)

Swedish Social Democrats, 206

Tambo, Oliver, 189, 193Terceristas (The Third Way), 17, 26,

204, 206, 219, 222, 318Third Way, The

See Terceristas (The Third Way), 204, 222

Thomas, Clive, 154, 158, 177, 182, 222, 281, 303, 341, 354, 360

Treatment Action Committee (TAC), 217

Tricontinental Conference, Havana, 189, 220

Tripartite Alliance, 223Tupamaros. See Movimiento de

Liberacion Nacional (MLN-Tupamaros)

Turok, Ben, 215, 226

UN Observation Mission in Mozambique (UNOMOZ), 267

União dos Povos de Angola (UPA), 287União Nacional para a Independência

Total de Angola (UNITA), 15, 288

União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA), 7, 15, 288, 291, 293, 295, 302, 303

Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG), 4, 7, 13, 16, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93, 94, 149, 306, 308, 310, 321, 328

Unión Camilista-Ejército de Liberación Nacional (UC-ELN), 118

Union of the Peoples of Angola. See União dos Povos de Angola (UPA)

Unión Patriótica (UP), 3, 7, 111, 113, 115, 116, 120, 122, 123, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134, 138, 142, 144, 306, 328, 339

UNITA. See União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA)

United Democratic Front (UDF), 191United Self-Defense Forces of

Colombia. See Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC)

University of the Western Cape, 202UPA. See União dos Povos de Angola

(UPA)URNG. See Unidad Revolucionaria

Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG)US Government. See USAUSA, 22, 38, 48, 49, 55, 57, 59, 62, 64,

96, 101, 107, 108, 130, 137, 139, 144, 156, 157, 160, 182, 186, 191, 197, 198, 204, 219, 220, 224, 249, 283, 288, 310, 316, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 339, 342, 353

USSR, 17, 19, 102, 164, 168, 189, 197, 198, 204, 288, 290, 300, 301, 308

Vázquez, Tabaré, 16, 97, 105, 106, 107, 108

Venezuela, 48, 49, 53, 57, 97, 316, 330, 331, 341, 347

verticalism, 10, 11, 17, 41, 53Vietnam Syndrome, 198Virgilio Barco, 115, 116, 118

Index ● 275

Washington. See USAWashington Consensus, 204,

224West Germany, 197Wilson, Harold, 16, 110, 137, 139, 142,

206, 310, 328, 334, 335, 339, 356, 360

Workers Revolutionary Party. See Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT)

Working People’s Alliance (WPA), 172, 174, 177

World Bank, 165, 166, 181, 184, 208, 265, 301, 345, 356

Yeltsin, Boris, 198

Zaire, 245, 290, 291ZANU. See Zimbabwe African

National Union—Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF)

ZAPU. See Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)

Zimbabwe African National Union—Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF), 8, 17, 20, 230, 232, 233, 235, 238, 239, 240, 241, 249, 306, 322

Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU), 230, 232, 233, 245, 322

Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association (ZNLWVA), 239

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