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1. Tamil Classical Literature

Ainkurunuru, U.V.Saminathier (ed.) with Tamil commentary, U.V.Saminathier Publication, Madras, ] 980.

Akananuru, Venkatacaminattar and Venkatachalam Pillai (eds.), vols 1&1I, 3rd edition, vol.III, 2nd edition, South Indian Saiva Siddhanta Works, Tirunelveli, 195] -4.

Kuruntokai, P.V.Comacuntaranar (with commentary), South Indian Saiva Siddhanta Works, Tirunelveli, 1978.

Narrinai, A. Narayanacami Aiyar (with Commentary) and P.V.Comacutararnar (with supplementary commentary), South Indian Saiva Siddhanta Works, Tirunelveli, 1976.

Pattupattu, U.V.Saminathier (ed.), (with Naccinarkkiniyar's commentary), Tanjore Tamil University, Tanjore, 1961.

Purananuru Mulamum Uraiyum, Notes by U.V. Swaminathaier, Kapir Accukkutam, Madras, 1963.

2. Herostones

Avanam, issue nos. 4&7, Journal of the Tamil Nadu, State Archaeological Society, 1994.

Nadukarkkal (Herostones), compiled S.Krishnamurthi, Meyyappan Pathippakam, Chidambaram, 2004.

3. Inscriptions

Coimbatore Mavatta Kalvettukkal, Thokuthi.l (Inscriptions of Coimbatore District voU) (ed.), T.Srithar, State Department of Archaeology, Chennai, 2006.

Coimbatore Mavatta Kalvettukkal, Thokuthi.2 (Inscriptions of Coimbatore District vol.2), (ed.), Sitharama Gurumurthi, State Department of Archaeology, Chennai, 2006.

Epigraphia Indica, Vols,X, XII, XXX &XLII, (ed.), D.C.Sircar and K.V.Ramesh.

Erode Mavatta Kalvettukkal, Thokuthi-l (Inscriptions of Erode District yoU), (ed.), Sitharama Gurumurthi, State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 2007 .

.I.~alvettu, issue no. 66, State Departlnent of l\rchaeology, Talnil Nadu, Chennai, 2005.

Salem-Namakkal Mavattak Kalvettukkal (Inscriptions of Salem and Namakkal Districts), (ed.), A.Krittinan, Tamil University, Tanjore, 2001.

South Indian Inscriptions (Relevant Volumes) (eds)., G.V.Srinivasa Rao, K.G.Krishnan and H.Krishna Sastri.

Tamizhakach Cheppedukal, Thokuthi.l (Copper Plates of Tamil Nadu), (ed.), T.Srithar, State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 2005.

296

4. Traditions, Manuscripts and Social Documents

Colanpurvapattiyam, Government Oriental Mass. Series, no.5, 1950.

Elder Brothers' Story (on Oral Epic of Tamil), collected and Translated by Brenda E.F .Beck, Institute of Asian Studies, Madras, 1992.

Kaliyannar Pulavar Jyarriya Poondurai Puranam (Poondurai Puranam of Kaliyannar Pulavar), (ed.), Se. Rasu and K. Arangasami, Sarma Sandoriyam Press, Pudhukottai,.

Kongu Desa Rajakkal, Government Oriental Manuscripts Library, Chennai, 1950.

Kongu Mandala Varalarukal (Histories of Kongu Mandalam), (ed.), S. Soundrapandiyan and Natana Kasinathan, Government Oriental Manuscripts Library, Chennai, 1997.

Kongumandala Sathakam, (ed.), Muthusami Konar, 1923.

Kongunattu Samuka Avanankal (Social Documents of Kongu), (ed.), Se. Rasu, Tamil University, Tanjore.

Pazhaya Kottai Pattakarar Nattup Padalum Poorva Pattayamum (Folk Traditions about Pazhaya Kottai Pattakarar and the Charter of Poorva), (ed.), K. Arunachala Koundar, Shanmugam Press, Chennai, 1965.

5. Manuals and Gazetteers

A Manual of The Salem District in the Presidency of Madras, compiled by H. Le Fanue, Tamilnadu Archives, Government of Tamilnadu, Egmore, 1883.

A Manual of the Trichinopoly District in the Presidency of Madras, compiled by Lewis Moore, Madras, 1878.

Madras District Gazetteers, Coimbatore, compiled by B.S.Baliga, Government of Madras, 1866.

Madras District Gazetteers, Salem, (ed.), FJ.Richards, Government Press, 1919.

6. Works in Tamil

Anbarasu, P., Athiyamankal Varalaru (History of Adiyamans), Vijaya Pathippakam, Salem, 1998.

Appadurai, K., Kongu Thamizhaka Varalaru (History of Kongu Thamizhakam), Thamizhman Pathippakam, Chennai, 2002.

Chinnaswamy, Kongu Vellalar, Erode, Tamilan Press, 1963.

Gandhi, Marxiya., Thamizhaka Varalarril Adhiyar Marabu ( Adhiyar Tradition in Tamil History), Amuthan Pathippakam, Chennai, 2001.

297

Goauthaman, N., Suiur Varalaru (History of Sulur), Paventhar Peravai, Coimbatore, 1995.

Gurumurthi, Sitharam., (ed.), Dindugal Mavatta Tholliyal Kaiyedu ( Archaeological Hand-Book of Dindugal District, State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 2007.

Jayaraman, N. and R. Chandrasekaran (eds.), Kongunattiyal, Seminar Papers, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, 1978.

Kaudhaman, Raj, Pattum Thokaiyum Tholkappiyamum: Tamizh Samuka Uruvakkam, Thamizhini, 2006.

Kovaikizhar, Kongu Nadum Samanamum, (Kongu Nadu and Jainism), Kovai Nilaya Pathippakam, Coimbatore, 1953.

Krishnasami, P., Kongunattu Varalarum Annamar Vazhipadum (History of Kongunadu and Annamar worship), Thannane Publishers, Bangalore, 1998.

Kritinasamy, K., Kootamum Thirumanamum (Clans and weddings), Makkal Veliyeedu, Chennai, 1983.

Lakshmi Narayanan, Ya., Kongu Nattu Varalaru ( History of Kongu Nadu), Star Publications, Madras, 1996.

Leela, S., Annamar Swami Kadhai vols. I&II, (The Story of Annamar Swami), Thamizhman Nilayam, Chennai, 1999.

Manikkam, V., Kongu Nadu (upto.1400 AD), Makkal Veliyeedu, Chennai, 2001.

Muthusami, K.N., Annamar Jati Kadhai or Panmuka Parvai ( A multi-faceted view on Annamar Jati Story), Perur Pulavar Peravai, Perur, 2002.

Nachimuthu, K., Cholan Poorva Pattayam Koorum Kongu Nattu Urkal, (The Place Names of Kongu Nadu in Cholan Poorva Pattyam), Jayakumar Stores, Nagerkovil, 1970.

Nagasamy, R., 'Undi Koduththor Uyir Koduththore', in Pulavar Maniyan, Varalarril Velan Kudikal (Velan Communities in History), Kathiravan Achakam, Chennai, 1991.

Nagaswamy, R., (ed.), Chengam Nadukarkal, State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Madras, 1978.

Natarajan, Nal., Kongu Velalar Varalaru (The History of Kongu Velalar), Pallavi Pathipakam, Erode, 2001.

Pallaniyappan, Kodainalam Padaitha Kurunila Mannarkal (Philanthropist Chiefs), Ramu Nilayam, Chennai, 1997.

Pathmavathi, P., 'Velalar Kudipeyarchi' (Migration of Velalar), in Pulavar Maniyan, Varalarril Velan Kudikal (Velan Communities in History), Kathiravan Achakam, Chennai, 1991.

298

Poongunran, R., Tholkudi, Velir, Arasial: Cangam Nadukarkkal or Ayvu (Tribe, Velir, Politics: A Study on Cangam Herostones), Pudhumalar Pathippakam, Coimbatore,200!.

Poongunran, R., Perur, State Archaeological Department, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 1979.

Raghava Iyenkar, M., Velir Varalaru (The History of Velir), Valluvar Pannai, Chennai, 1964.

Raj an, K., Kodumanal Akazhayvu (Kodumanal Excavation), Tanjore, Mano Pathippakam, 1994.

Ramamurthi, V., Kongu Nattu Koundarkal (Koundars of Kongu Nadu), Lotus Publishing Company, Tiruchirappall i, 1977.

Rasu, Se., Alampadi Porul Thantha Kula Varalaru, Pudhukottai, 1993.

Rasu, Se., and R. Duraisami (eds.), Paruthipalli Cellankootam Kongu Nattu Vellalar Varalaru (History of Paruthipalli Cellan Clan of Kongu Nattu Velalar), Paruthipalli Cellankootam Kongu Natuvelalar Arakkattalai, Paruthippalli, 2007.

Rasu, Se., Appiyapalayam Perunkudi Kula Varalaru (History of Appiyapalayam Perunkudi Clan), Kongu Ayvu Mayyam, Erode, 2000.

Rasu, Se., Kathankanni Ventuvakula Varalaru (History of Kathankanni Ventuva Clan), Erode, 1998.

Rasu, Se., Keeranur Kaniyalarkal Varalaru (History of Keeranur Landholders), Kongu Ayvu Mayyam, Tanjore, 1993.

Rasu, Se., Kongunadum Samanamum (Kongu Nadu and lainism), Kongu Ayvu Mayyam, Erode, 2005.

Rasu, Se., Konkoor Venduvankula Varalaru (History of Konkoor Venduvan Clan), Kongu Ayvu Mayyam, Erode, 1999.

Rasu, Se., Murunkath Thozhuvu Periyakula Varalaru (History of Mumkath Thozhuvu Periyakulam, Erode, 1989.

Rasu, Se., Vellodu Kaniyalar Varalaru (History ofVellodu Landholders), Vellodu, 2007.

Santhalinkam, S., Varalarril Thakadur (Thakadur in History), Thakadur Mavatta Varalarrup Peravai, Dharmapuri, 1990.

Selvaraj, K., Jambai- Or Ayvu (Jambai- A Study), State Archaeological Department, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 2005.

Shanmugasundaram, Ka., Sanga Kala Velirkal (Vel irs of Sangam Period), P.Kandhasami Nayakar Kalvi Arakkattalai, Chennai, 1997.

Shanmugasundaram, S., Kongu Nattupura Ilakkiyam (Folk Literatures of Kongu), Kavya Pathippakam, 1992.

Shanmugasundaram, S., Kongu Nattupura Iyal (Kongu Folklore), Thannanaane Pathippakam, Bangalore, 2001.

299

Srithar, T (ed.), Coimbatore Mavatta Tholliyal Kaiyedu (Hand-Book of Archaeology of Coimbatore District), State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 2005.

Subramaniyan, C., Kongu Nattu Mangala Vazhthuppadal (Marriage Songs of Kongu Nadu), Thannanaane Publication, Bangalore, 1997.

Tamizhnadan, Tharamangalam Ketty Mudali Arasarkal (Rulers of Tharamangalam Ketty Mudhali), The Salem Committee for the Survey of Historical Records, Tharamangalam, 1988.

Thankamani, Rajasekara., 'Namakkal Mavattathil Vettuvar' (Vettuvar in Namakkal District), in Kavingar. Tamilnadan (ed.), Salem Mavattam Sila Ayvukal (Studies on Salem District), Kavya Pathippakam, Bengalore, 1988.

Thankamani, Rajasekara., Kongil Vettuvar (Vettuvar in Kongu) {Avanam Karutharanku Malar} [Avanam Seminar Papers], State Archaeological Society, Tamilnadu, Thanjavur.

Vadivelan, R., Kongu Nattupura Ilakkiyam (Folk Literatures of Kongu), Arunothayam, Chennai,2003.

Venkatasamy, Mayilai Seeni., Kongu Nattu Varalaru (History of Kongu Nadu), New Century Book House, Chennai, 1974.

Venkatasamy, Mayilai Seeni., Kongunadum Thulunadum ( Kongunadu and Thulunadu), Vasanth Pathippakam, Chennai, 2001.

7. Selected Books and Articles in English

Aberle, Kathleen Gough., 'Criteria of Caste Ranking in South India', Man in India,vol. 39, 1959.

Abraham, M., 'A Medieval Merchant Guild of South India', Studies in History, vol. IV, no. 1, 1982.

Abraham, M., Two Medieval Merchant Guilds of South India, Manohar, New Delhi, 1988.

Abrahamson, Mark, 'Correlates of Political Complexity', American Sociological Review, vol.34, no.5, 1969.

Altekar, A.S., State and Government in Ancient India, Motilal Banarsidass, 1st ed. Varanasi,1949.

Antonaccio, Carla M., 'Contesting the Past: Hero Cults, Tomb Cult, and Epic in Early Greece', in American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. XCVIII, No.3, 1994.

Appadorai, A., Economic Conditions in Southern India (1000-1500 A.D), voU & 2, Madras, 1936.

Appadurai, Arjun, 'Right and Left Hand Castes in South India', The Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol.II, 1974.

300

Arangasamy, K., and J. Bharathi (ed.), Poligars and Pattagarers, Society of South Indian History, Salem, 1983.

Aravamuthan, T.G., 'A Pandyan Issue of Punchmarked Coins', Journal of the Numismatic Society of India, Vol. VI, (pt. 1), 1944.

Arokiaswamy, A., The Kongu Country, University of Madras, 1956.

Beck, Brenda E F, (ed.), Perspectives on a Regional Culture, Vikash Publishing House, New Delhi, 1980.

Beck, Brenda E.F., 'The Right-Left Division of South Indian Society', The Journal of Asian Studies, vo1.29, noA, 1970.

Beck, Brenda E.F., Peasant Society in Konku, University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, 1972.

Berreman, Gerald D., 'Caste as Social Process', Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vo1.23, noA, 1967.

Berreman, Gerald D., 'Caste in India and the United States', The American Journal of Sociology, vo1.66, no.2, 1960.

Berreman, Gerald D., 'The Brahminical View of Caste', Contributions to Indian Sociology, No.5, 1972.

Berreman, Gerald D., 'The Study of Caste Ranking in India,' Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, vo1.21, 1965.

Blackburn, Stuart H., 'The Folk Hero and Class Interest in Tamil Heroic Ballads', Asian Folklore Studies, Vol. XXXVII, No.1, 1978.

Bloch, Marc, French Rural History: an Essay on its Basic Characteristics, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1966.

Brenner, Robert, 'Agrarian Class Structure and Economic Development in Pre-Industrial Europe', Past and Present, no.70, 1976.

Carneiro, Robert, 'A Theory of the Origin of the State,' Science, New series, vol-169, no.3947, August 1970.

Champakalakshmi, R., 'Archaeology and Tamil Literary Tradition', Puratattva (Archaeological Society of India), VIII, 1975-6.

Champakalakshmi, R., 'State and Economy: South India Circa A.DAOO-1300' in Romila Thapar (ed), Recent Perspectives of Early Indian History, Popular Prakasan, D"n1hl"lu 1 ooe .LIVll1UUJ, .l77J.

Champakalakshmi, R., Book review article on Burton Stein's 'Peasant State Society in Medieval south India', Indian Economic and Social History Review, vol. 20, no. 3, 1982.

Champakalakshmi, R., Trade, Ideology and Urbanization: South India 300 BC to 1300, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1996.

301

Chattopadhyaya, B.D., Aspects of Rural Settlements and Rural Society in Early Afedieval India, S.G.Deuskar Lectures on Indian History and Culture, Centre for Studies

in Social Sciences, Calcutta, 1990.

Chattopadhyaya, B.D., Coins and Currency Systems in South India, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1977.

Chattopadhyaya, B.D., The Making of Early Medieval India, Oxford University Press,

Delhi, 1994.

Chodak, Szymon., 'The Birth of an African Peasantry', Canadian Journal of African Studies, vol. 5, no. 3, 1971.

Claessen, Henri J.M. and Peter Skalnik, (eds.), The Study of the State, Mouton, New

York, 1981.

Cohen, Ronald and Elman R.Service, (ed.), Origins of the State: The Anthropology of Political Evolution, Institute of the Study of Human Issues, Philadelphia, 1978.

Coldstream, N, 'Hero-Cults in the Age of Homer', Journal of Historical Studies, Vol. XCVI, 1976.

Cramer, Winifred and Jonathan Hass, 'Tribe Versus Chiefdom in Lower Central America,' American Antiquity, vol.50, no.4, 1985.

Curtin, Philip D., Cross-Cultural Trade in World History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1984.

Damodaran, K., (ed.), Tamil Nadu: Archaeological Perspective, State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 1999.

Dange, S.A, Indiafrom Primitive Communism to Slavery, 1st ed., Delhi, 1949.

Desai, P .B., Jainism in South India and Some Jaina Epigraphs, Sholapur, 1957.

Dougherty, C. and L. Kurke, (ed.), Cultural Practice in Archaic Greece, Cambridge,

1993.

Earle, T.K., 'A Reappraisal of Redistribution: Complex Hawaiian Chiefdoms', in T.K.Earle and lE.Eriscon ,(eds.), Exchange System in Prehistory, New York,

1977.

Earle, Timothy, 'The Evolution of Chiefdom', Current Anthropology, vol. 30, no. 1, February 1998.

Earle, Timothy, 'Chiefdom in Archaeological and Ethno Historical Perspective', Annual Review of Anthropology, vuL16, 1987.

Earle, Timothy, 'The Evolution of Chiefdom', Current Anthropology, vo1.30, no.l, 1998.

Fracchia, Joseph and R.C.Lewontin, 'Does culture Evolve?' History and Theory, vo1.38. No.4, Theme Issue 38: The return of Science: Evolutionary Ideas and History,

December, 1999.

Fried, Morton H., The Evolution of Political Society: An Essay in Political Anthropology, Randam House, New York, 1967.

302

Fried, Morton, 'On the Evolution of Social Stratification and the State', in Stanley Diamond, (ed.), Culture in History: Essays in Honour of Paul Rodin, Columbia University Press, New York, 1960.

Fried, Morton, The Evolution of Political Society, Random House, New York, 1967.

Friedman, J. and M. J. Rowlands, (eds.), The Evolution of Social Systems, Duckworth.

Friedman, 1., 'Warfare, Military Organization and Evolution of Society', Anthropologica, vol. 3, no. 2, 1961.

Galaty, John G. and Pierre Bonte, Herders, Warriors and Traders: Pastoralism in Africa Westive Press, San Francisco, and Oxford, 1991.

Godelier, Maurice, 'Economy and Religion: an Evolutionary Optical Illusion', in J. Friedman and M.1.Rowlands, (eds.), The Evolution of Social Systems, Duckworth.

Goldenweiser, A. A., 'The Origin of Totemism', American Anthropologist, New Series, vo1.14, no.4, 1912.

Govindaswamy, M.S., The Role of Feudatories in Later Chola History, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 1979.

Gupta, Dipankar, (ed.), Social Stratification, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1991.

Gurukkal, Rajan, 'Aspects of Early Iron Age Economy: Problems of Agrarian Expansion of Tamilakam', Proceedings of Indian History Congress, 42nd Session, Bodhgaya, 1981.

Gurukkal, Rajan, 'The Agrarian System and Socio-Political Organisation under the Early Pandyas', An unpublished doctoral dissertation submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi,1984.

Gurukkal, Rajan., 'Forms of Production and Forces of Change in Ancient Tamil society', Studies in History, no.5, 1989.

Gururaja Rao, B.K., The Megalithic Culture in South India, University of Mysore, Mysore, 1972.

Gururajachar, S., Some Aspects of Economic and Social Life in Karnataka (AD 1000-1300), Mysore, 1974.

Habib, Irfan., 'The Peasant in Indian History', Social Scientist, vol.11, No.3, 1983.

Hall, Kenneth, R. and Spencer, G.W., 'The Economy of Kancipuram: A Sacred Centre in r. .... _1.. C"_~~ .... L L_J!_~ T_~._~ ___ l _rT; __ L~ __ TJ:.~-il' __ ' ~,,.....1 'TT ............ ,.., l()Of\ LdUJ .:JUUlIlIIlUIU ,JUUfnUI UJ UrUUfll1/.)tUry, VU1. VI, 11U. £." 170U.

Hall, Kenneth, R., Trade and Statecraft in the Age of the Colas, Abhinav Publications, New Delhi, 1980.

Hart, George L., 'Ancient Tamil Literature, its Scholarly Past and Future, in B. Stein, (ed.), Essays on South India, New Delhi, 1976.

Hart, George L., Poets of the Tamil Anthologies: Ancient Poems of Love and War, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1979.

303

Heald, Suzette, 'Agriculturai Intensification and the Deciine of Pastoralism: A Case Study from Kenya', Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. LXIX, No.2, 1999.

Heitzman, James, 'Temple Urbanism in Medieval South India,' The Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 46, no. 4, 1987.

Herskovits, Melville J., 'The Cattle Complex in East Africa', American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. XXVIII, No.1, 1926.

Jaiswal, S., 'Caste in the Socio-Economic Framework of Early India', Presidential Address, 38th Session, Bhuvaneswar, 1977.

Jaiswal, Suvira., 'Varna Ideology and Social Change', Social Scientist, vol. 19, no. 314, 1991.

Jha, D.N., 'Early Indian Feudalism: A Historiographical Critique', Presidential Address, Indian History Congress, 40th Session, Waltair, 1979.

Jha, D.N., Ancient India: In Historical Outline, People Publishing House, New Delhi, 1977.

Jha, D.N., Feudal Social Formation in Early India, Chanakya Publications, Delhi, 1987.

Kailasapathy, K., Tamil Heroic Poetry, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1968.

Karashima, N., South Indian History and Society, Studies from Inscriptions, AD 850-1800, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1984.

Kasinathan, N. Natana., Hero-Stones in Tamilnadu, Arun Publications, Madras, 1978.

Kasinathan, Natana, Hero-Stones in Tamil Nadu, State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Madras, 1978.

Kosambi, D.D., An Introduction to the Study of Indian History, Bombay, 1956.

Krader, Lawrence, 'The Origin of the State among the Nomads of Asia', in H.J.M.Claessan and P.Skalnik, (ed.),The Early State, Mouton, The Hague, 1978.

Krader, Lawrence, The Asiatic Mode of Production: Sources, Development, and Critique in the Writings of Karl Marx, Dialectical and Society, Assen. Van Gorcum, The Netherlands, 1975.

Krishnan, K.G., 'Chittirameli-p-periyanadu-An Agricultural Guild of Medieval Tamil Nadu', Journal of the Madras University, vol.L VI, no. 1, 1982.

Kulke, Herman, 'Fragmentation and Segmentation Versus Integration? Reflections on the concept of Indian Feucalism and the Segmentary State in Indian History', Studies in History, vol. 4, no. 2, 1982.

Kurtz, Conald V. , 'Legitimation of Early Inchoate States', in Henri lM. Claessen and S. Peter Skalnik, (ed.), The Study of the State, Mouton, The Hague, 1981.

Lakshminarayanan, K., T. Gangadharan and N.Chandrasekar (eds.), Salem City, an Ethnohistory (1792-1992), Sri Swarnambigai Printers, Salem, 1999.

304

Lawrence, Leshnik, South Indian Megaiithic Burials, The Pandukal Complex, Wiesbaden, 1974.

Leary, Brendan 0., The Asiatic Mode of Production: Oriental Despotism, Historical Materialism and Indian History, Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Little, Peter D., 'Social Differentiation and Pastoralist Sedenterization in Northern Kenya', Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. LV, No.3, 1985.

Ludden, David, 'Ecological Zones and the Cultural Economy of Irrigation in Southern Tamil Nadu', Journal of Asian Studies, no.l, 1978

Ludden, David, Peasant History in South India, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1985.

MacDonell, A.A., 'The Early History of Caste', The American Historical Review, vol.l9, no. 2, 1914.

Mahadevan, I., 'Corpus of Tamil Brahmi Inscriptions', in R. Nagasamy, (ed.), Seminar on Inscriptions, Madras, 1968.

Mahadevan, I., 'The Ancient Name of Arikamedu', N. Subrahmanian, (ed.), Surya Narayana Sastri Centenary Volume, Madurai, 1970.

Mahadevan, I., 'Identification of Kakandi in Bharhut Inscriptions', Paper Presented at the International Seminar on Tamil Buddhism, Institute of Asian Studies, Madras, 1992.

Mahadevan, Iravatham, Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2003.

Mahalingam, T.V., The Mackenzie Manuscripts: Summaries of the Historical Manuscripts in the Mackenzie Collection (Tamil and Malayalam), vol. I, University of Madras, Madras, 1967.

Maine, H.S., Village Communities in the East and West, London, 1871.

Maloney, Clarence, 'Archaeology in South India: Accomplishments and Prospects,' in B. Stein, (ed.), Essays on South India, Vikas, New Delhi, 1976.

Maloney, Clarence, 'Religious Beliefs and Social Hierarchy in Tamil Nadu, India', American Ethnologist, vol. 2, no.l, February, 1975.

Maloney, Clarence, 'The Beginnings of Civilization in South India', Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. XXTX, no. 3, 1970.

Me Crindle, The Commerce and Navigation of the Erythraean Sea and Ancient India as described by Ktesias, The Knidian, Amsterdam, Calcutta (reprint), 1973.

Meera Abraham, Two Medieval Merchant Guilds of South India, Manohar, New Delhi, 1988.

Mencher, Joan P., 'Kerala and Madras: A Comparative Study of Ecology and Social Structure, Ethnology, vol. 5, no. 2, 1966.

Mill, James, History of British India, London, 1817.

305

Minakshi, C., Administration and Social Life under the Pallavas, University of Madras, Madras, 1977.

Mines, Mattison., 'Models of Caste and the Left-Hand Division in south India', American Ethnologist, vol. 9, no. 3, 1982.

Moore Jr, B., 'The Relation Between Social Stratification and Social Control', Sociometry, vol. 5, no. 3, 1942.

Morgan, Lewis Henry, Ancient Society, 1877.

Mukhia, Harbans, (ed.), The Feudalism Debate, Manohar, New Delhi, 2000.

Mukhia, Harbans, 'Was there Feudalism in Indian History', Presidential Address, Indian History Congress, Waltair, 1979.

Nagaswamy, R., (ed.), Seminar on Hero Stones, State Department of Archaeology, Tamil Nadu, Madras, 1974.

Narayanan, M.G.S., 'Cattle Raiders in the Sangam Age', Proceedings of Indian History Congress, 38th Session, Bhubaneswar, 1978.

Narayanan, M.G.S., 'The Role of Peasants in the Early History of Tamilakam in south India', Social Scientist, vol. 16, no. 9, September, 1988.

Narayanan, M.G.S., 'The Warrior Settlements of the Sangam Age', Proceedings of Indian History Congress, 43rd Session, Kurukshetra, 1982.

Narayanan, M.G.S., Re-Interpretation of South Indian History. College Book House, Trivandrum, 1977.

Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., A History of South India: From the Earliest Times to Vijayanagar, Oxford University Press, Madras, 1959.

Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., The Colas, University of Madras (reprint), Madras, 1975.

Nilakanta Sastri, K.A., The Pandyan Kingdom, University of Madras, Madras, 1982.

Nitecki, Matthew and Doris Nitecki, (ed.), History and Evolution, Albany, New York, 1922.

Oliver, R., and B.M.Fagan, Africa in the Iron Age, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1975.

Otterbein, Keith F., 'Warfare, Territorial Expansion, and Cultural Evolution', American Ethnologist, vol. 3, no. 4, 1976.

Pandian, J. 'Political Emblems of Caste Identity: .<A&n Interpretation of Tamil Caste Titles', Anthropological Quarterly, vo1.56, no.4, 1983.

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Pillai, K.K., A Social History of the Tamils, University of Madras (reprint), Madras, 1969.

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Raj an, K., 'Iron and Gem Stone Industries as Revealed from Kodumanal Excavations', Puratattva, no. 20, 1989-90.

Rajan, K., 'Muciri-Turaimukarn: Cila Putiya Ceitigal', Avanam (Journal of the Tamil Nadu Archaeological Society), No.4, 1994.

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