bibliography - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4061/14/14_bibliography.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
99
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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El-Sayed A F M (1990) Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a
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growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
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Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
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117
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
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Boonyaratpalin M Suraneiranat P and Tunpibal T (1998)
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Borgeson T L Racz V J Wilkie D C White L J and Drew M D
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Cho S H Lee S M and Lee J H (2005) Effect of dietary protein and
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Cho S H Lee S M Park B H Ji S C Li J Bae J and Oh S Y
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108
on growth body composition and blood chemistry of the juvenile
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Chou R L Her B Y Su M S Hwang G Wu Y H and Chen H
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Chowdhury M A K Yi Y Lin C K and El ndash Haroun E R (2006)
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and Beyond 1 11 - 13
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Das K M and Tripathi S D (1991) Studies on the digestive enzymes
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Das S K Manissery J K and Varghese T J (1994) Growth
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Davies S J McConnell S and Bateson R I (1990) Potential of
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Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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Davis D A Jirsa D and Arnold C R (1995) Evaluation of soybean
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De Silva S S Shim K F and Ong A K (1990) An evaluation of the
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Biochemistry and Physiology 146 B 107 - 114
Deepak K and Garg S K (2003) Effect of different dietary protein
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Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) when processed soybean is used as
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Aquaculture 76 293 - 301
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112
Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
enzymes present in Pacific threadfin Polydactylus sexfilis (Block
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(Cuvier 1833) Aquaculture Research 30 781 ndash 787
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Livestock Research for Rural Development 8 (4) http
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Duumlgenci S K Arda N and Candan A (2003) Some medicinal plants
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Edwards P Kamal M and Wee K L (1985) Incorporation of
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113
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Egyptian Journal of
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El-Sayed A F M (1990) Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a
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Research 39 324 ndash 328
Eusebio P S and Coloso R M (1998) Evaluation of leguminous seed
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Fafioye O O Fagade S O Adebisi A A Oni j and Omoyinmi G A
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Fagbenro O A and Davies S J (2001) Use of soybean flour (dehulled
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diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
115
growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
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Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) meals as partial
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gariepinus) Aquaculture 170 297 - 305
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
enzymeassay in the gut of the African bony-tongue fish Heterotis
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Falge R Schpanol L and Jurss K (1978) Amylase esterase and
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FAO (2007) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 FAO
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Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy 162pp
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Figueiredo-Garutti M L Navarro I Souza R H S Moraes G
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Fine M and Azilberg D (1996) The effect of dietary protein level
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14 A 35 ndash 42
Fiogbe E D Micha J C and Van Hove C (2004) Use of a natural
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the omnivorousndashphytoplanktonophagous tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus L Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20 517 ndash 520
Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
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Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
Coimbra J (1999) Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
Aquaculture International 7 57 ndash 67
Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
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fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus digestibility and growth performance Third
international symposium on research for aquaculture
fundamental and applied aspects 24ndash27 August 1997 Barcelona
Spain p 187
Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
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diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes
levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L) Aquaculture
Research 36 1243 ndash 1251
Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
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Fowler L G (1980) Substitution of soy bean and cottonseed products
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Francesco M Parisi G Meodale F Lupi P Kaushik S J and Poli
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and their effects in fish Aquaculture 199 197 ndash 227
Francis G Makkar H P S and Becker K (2005) Quillaja saponins -
a natural growth promoter for fish Animal Feed Science and
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(Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost
tilapia aquaculture inputs Aquaculture 146 (1 - 4) 101 ndash 107
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enzyme activities in Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss A comparative study
Aquaculture 250 391 ndash 398
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Aquaculture Research 39 1299 ndash 1306
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
Leuceana to Mozambique tilapia and Indian major carps In
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good as its ingredients - a review of ingredient evaluation
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34
Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
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httpwwwenvdukeedusolutionsdocumentspewreportpdf
44pp
Gomes E F Rema P and Kaushik S J (1995) Replacement of fish
meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) digestibility and growth performance Aquaculture 130
177 ndash 186
Gomes E F Corraze G and Kaushik S J (1993) Effects of dietary
incorporation of a coextruded plant protein (rapeseed and peas)
on growth nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition
of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 113 339 ndash
353
120
Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
inorganic zinc by zincmethionine on vegetable and animal
protein utilization by rainbow trout In Fish Nutrition in Practice
(eds S J Kaushik and P Luquet) Biarritz France 24ndash27 June
1991 INRA editions Les Colloques pp 897ndash902
Gouveia A and Davies S J (2000) Inclusion of an extruded dehulled
pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 182 183 ndash 193
Gouveia A and Davies S J (1998) Preliminary nutritional evaluation
of pea seed meal (Pisum sativum) for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 166 311 ndash 320
Gouveia A Oliva Teles A Gomes E and Rema P (1993) Effect of
cookingexpansion of three legume seeds on growth and food
utilization by rainbow trout In Kaushik SJ Luquet P (Eds)
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International Journal of Food Science Technology 37 477 - 484
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Haard N F (1992) Control of chemical composition and food quality
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Hajra A and Tripathi S D (1985) Nutritive value of aquatic weed
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Oreochromis niloticus (L) Aquaculture 66 163 ndash 179
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I (2007) Dietary plant-protein utilisation in Atlantic cod Gadus
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Gliricidia maculata Small Ruminant Research 39 (2) 113 ndash
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Hardy R W (1996) Alternative protein source for salmon and trout
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carp Cyprinus carpio (L) fry Aquaculture 151 55 - 70
Hasan M R Azad A K Omar F A M Akand A M and Das P M
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian
major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
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Helfrich L (1997) Freshwater fish farming in Virginia selecting the
right fish to raise Virginia Coop Extn Publ No 420 - 010
Hemre G I Lie Oslash and Sundby A (1993) Dietary carbohydrate
utilization in cod (Gadus morhua) metabolic responses to feeding
and fasting Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 10 455 ndash 463
Henken A M Kleingeld D W and Tijssen P A T (1985) The effect
of feeding level on apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter
crude protein and gross energy in the African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Aquaculture 51 1 ndash 11
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Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
digestive enzymes in fish with diferent nutritional habits
Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
Higgs D A McBride J R Markert J R Dosanjh B S Plotniko M
D and Clarke W C (1982) Evaluation of Tower and Candle
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Higgs D A Fegerlund U H M McBride J R Plotnikoff M D
Dosamijh B S Jakson A J Capper B J S and Matty A J
(1983) Evaluation of some plant proteins in complete diets for
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tract of several species of fish with different feeding habits
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Memorie dellIstituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 40 201 ndash 208
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Hoffman L C Prinsloo J F and Rukan G (1997) Partial
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(Brassica juncea) and evaluation of its nutritive value in the diet
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Hossain M A Focken U and Becker K (2001) Effect of soaking and
soaking followed by autoclaving of Sesbania seeds on growth and
feed utilisation in common carp Cyprinus carpio L Aquaculture
203 133 ndash 148
Hossain M A Ali M Z Rahman M M and Kader M A (2006)
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with silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes)
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protein levels Journal of Food Quality 14 345 - 354
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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Ibeas C Izquierdo M S and Lorenzo A (1994) Effect of different
levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and fatty
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digestibility and economy of production Journal of Animal and
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feed pea (Pisum sativum) meal as a protein source in practical
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ndash 98
Immanuel G Iyapparaj U Citarasu T Punitha P Michael B
and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts
improve growth immune activity and survival of tilapia
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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and seaweeds on the survival growth and pathogen (Vibrio
parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles
Aquaculture 236 53 ndash 65
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- 116
Olvera-Novoa M A Olivera-Castillo L and Martiacutenez-Palacios C A
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Tilapia rendalli (Boulanger 1896) fingerlings Aquaculture
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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687
Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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145
Overnell J (1973) Digestive enzymes of the pyloric caeca and of their
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L Is it necessary to have two diets of differing protein contents
Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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by the carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) growth and certain
biochemical composition of flesh Indian Journal of Biology 20 (1)
44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
weeds useful II Nymphoides cristatum (Roxb) O Kuntze as feed
for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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or camote (Ipomea batatas Lam) leaf meal Israeli Journal of
Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
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Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
Lupiaacutentildeez J A (1994) Dietary protein effects on growth and
fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in liver and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata
L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
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163
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101
Al-Ogaily S M Al-Asgah N A and Ali A (1996) Eect of feeding
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maculatofascinatus fed practical diets Aquaculture 194151 ndash
159
Amaya E A Davis D A and Rouse D B (2007) Replacement of fish
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108
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Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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Deepak K and Garg S K (2003) Effect of different dietary protein
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Degani G Ben-Zvi Y and Levanon D (1989) The effect of different
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Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
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El ndash Sayed A F M (1994) Evaluation of soybean meal spirulina meal
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tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Egyptian Journal of
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El-Sayed A F M (1990) Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a
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Research 39 324 ndash 328
Eusebio P S and Coloso R M (1998) Evaluation of leguminous seed
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Fafioye O O Fagade S O Adebisi A A Oni j and Omoyinmi G A
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Growth and Body Composition of African Catfish (Clarias
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and Aquatic Sciences 5 11 - 15
Fagbenro O A and Davies S J (2001) Use of soybean flour (dehulled
solvent-extracted soybean) as a fish meal substitute in practical
diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
115
growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 17 64 ndash 69
Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) meals as partial
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gariepinus) Aquaculture 170 297 - 305
Fagbenro O A (1998) Apparent digestibility of various legume seed
meals in Nile tilapia diets Aquaculture International 6 83 ndash 87
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
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Falge R Schpanol L and Jurss K (1978) Amylase esterase and
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FAO (2006) Oilseeds Oils and oil Meals Food Outlook No2
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FAO (2007) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 FAO
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Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy 162pp
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Figueiredo-Garutti M L Navarro I Souza R H S Moraes G
Giterrez J and Vicentine-Paulino M L M (2002) Metabolic
changes in Brycon cephalus (Teleostei Characidae) during post-
feeding and fasting Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
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Fine M and Azilberg D (1996) The effect of dietary protein level
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14 A 35 ndash 42
Fiogbe E D Micha J C and Van Hove C (2004) Use of a natural
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niloticus L Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20 517 ndash 520
Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
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Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
Coimbra J (1999) Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
Aquaculture International 7 57 ndash 67
Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
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fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus digestibility and growth performance Third
international symposium on research for aquaculture
fundamental and applied aspects 24ndash27 August 1997 Barcelona
Spain p 187
Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) Comparison of morphological and
biochemical measurements Canadian Journal of Fisheries and
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Fountoulaki E Alexis M N Nengas I and Venou B (2005) Effect of
diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes
levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L) Aquaculture
Research 36 1243 ndash 1251
Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
mixture of plant feedstuffs as substitute for fish meal in diets of
juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) Aquaculture 236 451 - 465
Fowler L G (1980) Substitution of soy bean and cottonseed products
for fish meal in diets fed to chinook and coho salmon Progressive
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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Optimal dietary protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus
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Aquaculture Nutrition 10 247 ndash 252
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
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Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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161
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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163
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Appler N H and Jauncey K (1983) The utilization of filamentous
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Arndt R E Hardy R W Sugiura S H and Dong F M (1999) Effect
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Oncorhynchus kisutch Aquaculture 180 129 - 145
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Duckweed (Lemna polyrhiza) leaf meal as a source of feedstuff in
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Bairagi A Sarkar - Ghosh K Sen S K and Ray A K (2002b)
Enzyme producing bacterial flora isolated from fish digestive
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104
Beck H Group J Koops H and Tiews K (1979) Single cell protein
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Belal I E H and Al-Doseri M (1999) Replacement of Fish Meal with
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1 (ed by S P Colowick and K Kaplan) Academic Press New
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Biswas G Jena J K Singh S K Patmajhi P and Muduli H K
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during nursery rearing Aquaculture 254 211ndash218
105
Blier P Pelletier D and Dutil J D (1997) Does aerobic capacity set a
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Boonyaratpalin M Suraneiranat P and Tunpibal T (1998)
Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products
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78
Borgeson T L Racz V J Wilkie D C White L J and Drew M D
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Brown P B Twibell R Jonker Y and Wilson K A (1997)
Evaluation of three soybean products in diets fed to juvenile
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Brown P B Dabrowski K and Garling D L (1996) Nutrition and
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Burel C Boujard T Tulli F and Kaushik S J (2000) Digestibility of
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Cahu C and Zambonino Infante J L (2001) Substitution of live food
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Carter C G (1998) Fish meal replacement in aquaculture feeds for
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Catacutan M R and Pagador G E (2004) Partial replacement of fish
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Catacutan M R Pagador G E and Teshima S (2001) Effect of
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growth survival and body composition of the mangrove red
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Aquaculture Research 32 811 ndash 818
Ceccaldi H J (1997) Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
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Crustacean Nutrition The World Aquaculture Society Lousiana
US pp 261 ndash 291
107
Chadhokar P A and Kantharaju H R (1980) Effect of Gliricidia
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Grasslands 14 78 - 81
Chadhokar P A and Lecamwasam A (1982) Effect of feeding
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Chakrabarti I Gani M D A Chaki K K Sur R and Misra K K
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Biochemistry and Physiology 112 167 - 177
Cheng Z J and Hardy R W (2002) Apparent digestibility coefficients
and nutritional value of cottonseed meal for rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 212 361 ndash 372
Chesley L C (1934) The concentrations of proteases amylase and
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Cho C Y Bayley H S and Slinger S J (1974) Partial replacement of
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Cho C Y (1987) La energiacutea en la nutricioacuten de los peces In Espinosa
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Cho S H Lee S M and Lee J H (2005) Effect of dietary protein and
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(Scophthalmus maximus L) reared under optimum salinity and
temperature conditions Aquaculture Nutrition 11 235 ndash 240
Cho S H Lee S M Park B H Ji S C Li J Bae J and Oh S Y
(2007) Effect of dietary inclusion of various sources of green tea
108
on growth body composition and blood chemistry of the juvenile
olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 33 49 ndash 57
Chou R L Her B Y Su M S Hwang G Wu Y H and Chen H
Y (2004) Substituting fish meal with soybean meal in diets of
juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum Aquaculture 229 325 -
333
Chowdhury M A K Yi Y Lin C K and El ndash Haroun E R (2006)
Effect of salinity on carrying capacity of adult Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus L in recirculating systems Aquaculture
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energy stores during starvation and refeeding in the somatic
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Coyle S D Mengel G J Tidwell J H and Webster C D (2004)
Evaluation of growth feed utilization and economics of hybrid
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Craig S R (2004) Organic agricultural feed Aqua Feeds Formulation
and Beyond 1 11 - 13
Dabrowski K R (1977) Protein requirements of grass carp fry
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Dabrowski K and Glogowski J (1977) Studies on the role of
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Hydrobiologia 54 129 - 134
Dada A A and Ikuerowo M (2009) Effects of ethanolic extracts of
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Dada S A (2002) The utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia
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Das K M and Tripathi S D (1991) Studies on the digestive enzymes
of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) Aquaculture 92 21
ndash 32
Das S K Manissery J K and Varghese T J (1994) Growth
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formulated diets containing leaf powders as protein source
Fishery Technology 31(2) 102 - 107
Davies S J (1998) Towards the development of commercial aquafeeds
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nutritionistrsquos perspective Technological and nutritional aspects of
safe feed production Victam 98 13ndash14 May 1998 Utrech The
Netherlands p 16
Davies S J McConnell S and Bateson R I (1990) Potential of
rapeseed meal as an alternative protein source in complete diets
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145 ndash 154
110
Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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American Fisheries Society 107 479 - 483
Davis D A Jirsa D and Arnold C R (1995) Evaluation of soybean
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De Almeida L C Lundstedt L M and Moraes G (2006) Digestive
enzyme responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed on
different levels of protein and lipid Aquaculture Nutrition 12
(6) 443 ndash 450
De Long D C Halver J E and Mertz E T (1958) Nutrition of
salmonid fishes VI Protein requirements of Chinook salmon at
two water temperatures Journal of Nutrition 65 589 - 596
De Silva S S and Anderson T A (1995) Fish Nutrition in
Aquaculture Chapman and Hall Aquaculture London UK 319
pp
De Silva S S Gunasekera R M and Atapattu D (1989) The dietary
protein requirements of young tilapia and an evaluation of the
least cost dietary protein levels Aquaculture 80 271 ndash 284
De Silva S S (1985) Performance of Oreochromis niloticus (L) fry
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
pea Lathyrus sativus seed meal in compound diets for rohu
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
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FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
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Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
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162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
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Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
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of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
103
Balogun A M and Ologhobo A D (1989) Growth performance and
nutrient utilization of C gariepinus (Burchell 1822) fed raw
cooked soybean diets Aquaculture 76 119 ndash 126
Barnes H and Blacksock J (1973) Estimation of lipids in marine
animals and tissues Detailed investigation of sulphophos-
phovanillin method for total lipids Journal of Experimental
Marine Biology and Ecology Vol 12 (1) 103 - 118
Barros M M Lim C and Klesius P H (2002) Effect of soybean meal
replacement by cottonseed meal and iron supplementation on
growth immune response and resistance of Channel Catfish
(Ictalurus puctatus) to Edwardsiella ictaluri challenge
Aquaculture 207 263 ndash 279
Basavaraja N and Antony J (1997) Rearing of spawn and fry of
Cyprinus carpio on conventional and supplementary feed Indian
Journal of Fisheries 44 165 - 170
Bassompierre M Kjaer A and McLean E (1997) Simulating protein
digestion on trout a rapid and inexpensive method for
documenting fish meal quality and screening alternative protein
sources for use in aquafeeds Ribarstvo 55 137 - 145
Basudha C H and Vishwanath W (1988) Formulated feed based on
aquatic weed Azolla and fishmeal for rearing medium carp
Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes) Journal of Aquaculture in
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Bazaz M M and Keshavanath P (1993) Effects of feeding different
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enzyme activities of mahseer Tor khudree Aquaculture 115 111
- 119
104
Beck H Group J Koops H and Tiews K (1979) Single cell protein
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(Halver J E and Tiews K eds) Vol 2 Heenemann Berlin pp
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Becker K and Makkar H P S (1999) Eects of dietary tannic acid and
quebracho tannin on growth performance and metabolic rates of
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) Aquaculture 175 327 - 335
Belal I E H and Assem H (1995) Substitution of soybean meal and
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punctatus (Rafinesque) effects on body composition Aquaculture
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Belal I E H and Al-Doseri M (1999) Replacement of Fish Meal with
Salicornia Meal in Feeds for Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Journal of World Aquaculture Society Vol 30 (2) 285 ndash 289
Benkappa S and Varghese T J (2003) Isoleucine leucine and valine
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US pp 261 ndash 291
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Chadhokar P A and Kantharaju H R (1980) Effect of Gliricidia
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(Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 212 361 ndash 372
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Cho C Y (1987) La energiacutea en la nutricioacuten de los peces In Espinosa
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Cho S H Lee S M and Lee J H (2005) Effect of dietary protein and
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(Scophthalmus maximus L) reared under optimum salinity and
temperature conditions Aquaculture Nutrition 11 235 ndash 240
Cho S H Lee S M Park B H Ji S C Li J Bae J and Oh S Y
(2007) Effect of dietary inclusion of various sources of green tea
108
on growth body composition and blood chemistry of the juvenile
olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Fish Physiology and
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Chou R L Her B Y Su M S Hwang G Wu Y H and Chen H
Y (2004) Substituting fish meal with soybean meal in diets of
juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum Aquaculture 229 325 -
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Chowdhury M A K Yi Y Lin C K and El ndash Haroun E R (2006)
Effect of salinity on carrying capacity of adult Nile tilapia
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Coyle S D Mengel G J Tidwell J H and Webster C D (2004)
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and Beyond 1 11 - 13
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Das K M and Tripathi S D (1991) Studies on the digestive enzymes
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ndash 32
Das S K Manissery J K and Varghese T J (1994) Growth
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formulated diets containing leaf powders as protein source
Fishery Technology 31(2) 102 - 107
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with reduced dependency on marine protein resources A
nutritionistrsquos perspective Technological and nutritional aspects of
safe feed production Victam 98 13ndash14 May 1998 Utrech The
Netherlands p 16
Davies S J McConnell S and Bateson R I (1990) Potential of
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145 ndash 154
110
Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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(6) 443 ndash 450
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De Silva S S Shim K F and Ong A K (1990) An evaluation of the
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Biochemistry and Physiology 146 B 107 - 114
Deepak K and Garg S K (2003) Effect of different dietary protein
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Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) when processed soybean is used as
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Degani G Ben-Zvi Y and Levanon D (1989) The effect of different
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Aquaculture 76 293 - 301
Deguara S Jauncey K and Agius C (2003) Enzyme activities and pH
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Fish Biology 62 1033 ndash 1043
112
Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
enzymes present in Pacific threadfin Polydactylus sexfilis (Block
an Schneider 1801) and bluefin trevally Caranx melampygus
(Cuvier 1833) Aquaculture Research 30 781 ndash 787
Domiacutenguer P L Molinet Y and Ly J (1996) Ileal and in vitro
digestibility in the pig of three float aquatic macrophytes
Livestock Research for Rural Development 8 (4) http
wwwfaoorgagagapfrgFEEDbackIrrd84ly841htm
Duumlgenci S K Arda N and Candan A (2003) Some medicinal plants
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(1) 99 -106
Edwards P Kamal M and Wee K L (1985) Incorporation of
composted and dried water hyacinth in pelleted feed for the
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Peters) Aquaculture and Fisheries
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Ekpo I and Bender J (1989) Digestibility of a commercial fish feed
wet algae and dried algae by Tilapia nilotica and silver carp The
Progressive Fish-Culturist 51 83 - 86
El ndash Sayed A F M (1994) Evaluation of soybean meal spirulina meal
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Aquaculture 189 133 - 144
El-Saidy D M S (1999) Evaluation of cottonseed meal as partial
andcomplete replacement of fishmeal in practical diets of Nile
113
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Egyptian Journal of
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L-methionine in diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fry
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Environmental Agriculture Sciences Suez Canal University El-
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meal in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L) diets In
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El-Saidy D M S and Gaber M M A (2002b) Complete replacement
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Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Journal of
theWorld Aquaculture Society 33 297 - 306
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Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L) diets Aquaculture
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114
El-Sayed A F M (1990) Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a
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El-Sayed A F M (1999) Alternative dietary protein sources for farmed
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Research 39 324 ndash 328
Eusebio P S and Coloso R M (1998) Evaluation of leguminous seed
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Fafioye O O Fagade S O Adebisi A A Oni j and Omoyinmi G A
K (2005) Effects of Dietary Soybeans (Glycine max (L) Merr) on
Growth and Body Composition of African Catfish (Clarias
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and Aquatic Sciences 5 11 - 15
Fagbenro O A and Davies S J (2001) Use of soybean flour (dehulled
solvent-extracted soybean) as a fish meal substitute in practical
diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
115
growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
Ichthyology 17 64 ndash 69
Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) meals as partial
replacement for fish meal in diets for the African catfish (Clarias
gariepinus) Aquaculture 170 297 - 305
Fagbenro O A (1998) Apparent digestibility of various legume seed
meals in Nile tilapia diets Aquaculture International 6 83 ndash 87
Fagbenro O Adhdirh C O Ayotunde E O and Famini E O (2000)
Haematological profile food composition and digestive
enzymeassay in the gut of the African bony-tongue fish Heterotis
(Clupisudis) niloticus (Cuvier 1829) (Osteoglossidae) Tropical
Zoology 13 1 ndash 9
Falge R Schpanol L and Jurss K (1978) Amylase esterase and
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gairdneri (Rich) after feeding with feed containing different
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FAO (2007) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 FAO
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Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy 162pp
116
Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Aquaculture Research 30 313 - 318
Fasakin E A Serwata R D and Davies S J (2005) Comparative
utilization of rendered animal derived products with or without
composite mixture of soybean meal in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis
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Figueiredo-Garutti M L Navarro I Souza R H S Moraes G
Giterrez J and Vicentine-Paulino M L M (2002) Metabolic
changes in Brycon cephalus (Teleostei Characidae) during post-
feeding and fasting Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
132 A 467 ndash 476
Fine M and Azilberg D (1996) The effect of dietary protein level
water temperature and growth hormone administration on
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14 A 35 ndash 42
Fiogbe E D Micha J C and Van Hove C (2004) Use of a natural
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the omnivorousndashphytoplanktonophagous tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus L Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20 517 ndash 520
Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
the alimentary canal of tilapia and perchs Hydrobiologia 15 161
ndash 178
Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
Coimbra J (1999) Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
Aquaculture International 7 57 ndash 67
Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
Reis-Henriques M A and Coimbra M A (1997) Replacement of
fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus digestibility and growth performance Third
international symposium on research for aquaculture
fundamental and applied aspects 24ndash27 August 1997 Barcelona
Spain p 187
Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile
Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) Comparison of morphological and
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Fountoulaki E Alexis M N Nengas I and Venou B (2005) Effect of
diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes
levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L) Aquaculture
Research 36 1243 ndash 1251
Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
mixture of plant feedstuffs as substitute for fish meal in diets of
juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) Aquaculture 236 451 - 465
Fowler L G (1980) Substitution of soy bean and cottonseed products
for fish meal in diets fed to chinook and coho salmon Progressive
Fish Culturist 42 87 - 91
Francesco M Parisi G Meodale F Lupi P Kaushik S J and Poli
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large rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 236
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Francis G Makkar H P S and Becker K (2001) Antinutritional
factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients
and their effects in fish Aquaculture 199 197 ndash 227
Francis G Makkar H P S and Becker K (2005) Quillaja saponins -
a natural growth promoter for fish Animal Feed Science and
Technology Vol 121 Issues 1 - 2 147 ndash 157
Fredson J and Chikafumbwa K (1996) The use of napier grass
(Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost
tilapia aquaculture inputs Aquaculture 146 (1 - 4) 101 ndash 107
Furne M Hidalgo M C Lopez A Garcia-Gallego M Morales A E
Domezain A Domezaine J and Sanz A (2005) Digestive
enzyme activities in Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss A comparative study
Aquaculture 250 391 ndash 398
Gangadhara B Nandeesha M C Varghese T J and Keshavanthan
P (1997) Effect of varying protein and lipid levels on the growth
of rohu Labeo rohita Asian Fisheries Science 10 139ndash147
Gardun-Lugo M and Olvera-Novoa M A (2008) Potential of the use of
peanut (Arachis hypogaea) leaf meal as a partial replacement for
fish meal in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture Research 39 1299 ndash 1306
Garg S K Kalla A and Bhatnagar A (2002) Evaluation of raw and
hydrothermically processed leguminous seeds as supplementary
feed for the growth of two Indian major carp species Aquaculture
Research 33 151 ndash 163
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
Leuceana to Mozambique tilapia and Indian major carps In
Leuceana Research in the Asia-Pacific Region Proceedings of a
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Ottawa Canada pp 61 - 63
Glencross B D Booth M and Allan G L (2007) A feed is only as
good as its ingredients - a review of ingredient evaluation
strategies for aquaculture feeds Aquaculture Nutrition 13 17 -
34
Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
totally or partially replacing of fish meal byalternative protein
sources on growth of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell
1822) reared in concrete tanks Aquaculture Research 38 279 -
287
Goldburg R L Elliott M S and Naylor R L (2002) Marine
Aquaculture in the United States Report to the Pew Oceans
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httpwwwenvdukeedusolutionsdocumentspewreportpdf
44pp
Gomes E F Rema P and Kaushik S J (1995) Replacement of fish
meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) digestibility and growth performance Aquaculture 130
177 ndash 186
Gomes E F Corraze G and Kaushik S J (1993) Effects of dietary
incorporation of a coextruded plant protein (rapeseed and peas)
on growth nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition
of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 113 339 ndash
353
120
Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
inorganic zinc by zincmethionine on vegetable and animal
protein utilization by rainbow trout In Fish Nutrition in Practice
(eds S J Kaushik and P Luquet) Biarritz France 24ndash27 June
1991 INRA editions Les Colloques pp 897ndash902
Gouveia A and Davies S J (2000) Inclusion of an extruded dehulled
pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 182 183 ndash 193
Gouveia A and Davies S J (1998) Preliminary nutritional evaluation
of pea seed meal (Pisum sativum) for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 166 311 ndash 320
Gouveia A Oliva Teles A Gomes E and Rema P (1993) Effect of
cookingexpansion of three legume seeds on growth and food
utilization by rainbow trout In Kaushik SJ Luquet P (Eds)
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Comparison of wild and cultured gilthead sea bream (Sparus
aurata) composition appearance and seasonal variations
International Journal of Food Science Technology 37 477 - 484
Guillaume J Kaushik S Bergot P and Metailler R (1999)
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Gunasekera R M De Silva S S Collins R A Gooley G and
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(Mitchell) Aquaculture Research 31 181 ndash 187
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Haard N F (1992) Control of chemical composition and food quality
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Hajra A and Tripathi S D (1985) Nutritive value of aquatic weed
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Sciences 55 702 - 705
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Oreochromis niloticus (L) Aquaculture 66 163 ndash 179
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I (2007) Dietary plant-protein utilisation in Atlantic cod Gadus
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Gliricidia maculata Small Ruminant Research 39 (2) 113 ndash
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Hardy R W (1996) Alternative protein source for salmon and trout
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Hasan M R Azad A K Omar F A M Akand A M and Das P M
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian
major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
Hassan M R Roy P K and Akand A M (1994) Evaluation of
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utilization and body composition in two size groups of Atlantic
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and carbohydrate content Aquaculture 249 401 - 408
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lysosomal lipase of rat liver Journal of Biological Chemistry 245
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Hegde D M (2006) Oilseeds finding newer niches imperative In The
Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture MS Kasturi and Sons Ltd
Chennai India pp 65ndash69
Helfrich L (1997) Freshwater fish farming in Virginia selecting the
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
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Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
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Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
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feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
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Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
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Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
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tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
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Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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96 281 ndash 291
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
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(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
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phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
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Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
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Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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318
152
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
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Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
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75
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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161
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
115
growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
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Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
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gariepinus) Aquaculture 170 297 - 305
Fagbenro O A (1998) Apparent digestibility of various legume seed
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
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Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy 162pp
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Figueiredo-Garutti M L Navarro I Souza R H S Moraes G
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feeding and fasting Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14 A 35 ndash 42
Fiogbe E D Micha J C and Van Hove C (2004) Use of a natural
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Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
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Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
Coimbra J (1999) Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
Aquaculture International 7 57 ndash 67
Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
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fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus digestibility and growth performance Third
international symposium on research for aquaculture
fundamental and applied aspects 24ndash27 August 1997 Barcelona
Spain p 187
Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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Optimal dietary protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus
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Aquaculture Nutrition 10 247 ndash 252
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
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Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
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159
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Blier P Pelletier D and Dutil J D (1997) Does aerobic capacity set a
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Boonyaratpalin M Suraneiranat P and Tunpibal T (1998)
Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products
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Borgeson T L Racz V J Wilkie D C White L J and Drew M D
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Carter C G (1998) Fish meal replacement in aquaculture feeds for
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Cho S H Lee S M Park B H Ji S C Li J Bae J and Oh S Y
(2007) Effect of dietary inclusion of various sources of green tea
108
on growth body composition and blood chemistry of the juvenile
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Chou R L Her B Y Su M S Hwang G Wu Y H and Chen H
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Chowdhury M A K Yi Y Lin C K and El ndash Haroun E R (2006)
Effect of salinity on carrying capacity of adult Nile tilapia
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Dabrowski K and Glogowski J (1977) Studies on the role of
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ndash 32
Das S K Manissery J K and Varghese T J (1994) Growth
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safe feed production Victam 98 13ndash14 May 1998 Utrech The
Netherlands p 16
Davies S J McConnell S and Bateson R I (1990) Potential of
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145 ndash 154
110
Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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De Silva S S Gunasekera R M and Atapattu D (1989) The dietary
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De Silva S S and Gunasekara R M (1989) Effect of the dietary
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121 ndash 133
111
De Silva S S Shim K F and Ong A K (1990) An evaluation of the
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Biochemistry and Physiology 146 B 107 - 114
Deepak K and Garg S K (2003) Effect of different dietary protein
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Degani G Ben-Zvi Y and Levanon D (1989) The effect of different
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Aquaculture 76 293 - 301
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112
Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
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Domiacutenguer P L Molinet Y and Ly J (1996) Ileal and in vitro
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Livestock Research for Rural Development 8 (4) http
wwwfaoorgagagapfrgFEEDbackIrrd84ly841htm
Duumlgenci S K Arda N and Candan A (2003) Some medicinal plants
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Edwards P Kamal M and Wee K L (1985) Incorporation of
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Ekpo I and Bender J (1989) Digestibility of a commercial fish feed
wet algae and dried algae by Tilapia nilotica and silver carp The
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El ndash Sayed A F M (1994) Evaluation of soybean meal spirulina meal
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(Rhabdosargus sarba) fingerlings Aquaculture 127 169 - 176
Elangovan A and Shim K F (2000) The influence of replacing fish
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Aquaculture 189 133 - 144
El-Saidy D M S (1999) Evaluation of cottonseed meal as partial
andcomplete replacement of fishmeal in practical diets of Nile
113
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Egyptian Journal of
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El-Saidy D M S and Gaber M M A (1997) Total replacement of fish
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Annals of Agriculture Science Moshtohor 35 1223 - 1238
El-Saidy D M S and Gaber M M A (2001) Linseed meal - its
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in practical diets for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus In
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Animal
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
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Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
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- 88
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on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
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Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
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163 - 168
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157
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
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158
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159
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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163
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Burel C Boujard T Tulli F and Kaushik S J (2000) Digestibility of
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Cahu C and Zambonino Infante J L (2001) Substitution of live food
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Carter C G (1998) Fish meal replacement in aquaculture feeds for
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Ceccaldi H J (1997) Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
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107
Chadhokar P A and Kantharaju H R (1980) Effect of Gliricidia
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Chakrabarti I Gani M D A Chaki K K Sur R and Misra K K
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(Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 212 361 ndash 372
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Cho S H Lee S M Park B H Ji S C Li J Bae J and Oh S Y
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108
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Chou R L Her B Y Su M S Hwang G Wu Y H and Chen H
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Chowdhury M A K Yi Y Lin C K and El ndash Haroun E R (2006)
Effect of salinity on carrying capacity of adult Nile tilapia
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and Beyond 1 11 - 13
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Dabrowski K and Glogowski J (1977) Studies on the role of
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Dada S A (2002) The utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes) by West African dwarf (Wad) growing goats African
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Das K M and Tripathi S D (1991) Studies on the digestive enzymes
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ndash 32
Das S K Manissery J K and Varghese T J (1994) Growth
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Davies S J (1998) Towards the development of commercial aquafeeds
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nutritionistrsquos perspective Technological and nutritional aspects of
safe feed production Victam 98 13ndash14 May 1998 Utrech The
Netherlands p 16
Davies S J McConnell S and Bateson R I (1990) Potential of
rapeseed meal as an alternative protein source in complete diets
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145 ndash 154
110
Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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Davis D A Jirsa D and Arnold C R (1995) Evaluation of soybean
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
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sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
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Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
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Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
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complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
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Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
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Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
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Chadhokar P A and Kantharaju H R (1980) Effect of Gliricidia
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108
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Chou R L Her B Y Su M S Hwang G Wu Y H and Chen H
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Chowdhury M A K Yi Y Lin C K and El ndash Haroun E R (2006)
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Dabrowski K and Glogowski J (1977) Studies on the role of
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Das K M and Tripathi S D (1991) Studies on the digestive enzymes
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Das S K Manissery J K and Varghese T J (1994) Growth
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Davies S J McConnell S and Bateson R I (1990) Potential of
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Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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Davis D A Jirsa D and Arnold C R (1995) Evaluation of soybean
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De Silva S S Shim K F and Ong A K (1990) An evaluation of the
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Aquaculture 76 293 - 301
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112
Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
enzymes present in Pacific threadfin Polydactylus sexfilis (Block
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(Cuvier 1833) Aquaculture Research 30 781 ndash 787
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Livestock Research for Rural Development 8 (4) http
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Duumlgenci S K Arda N and Candan A (2003) Some medicinal plants
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Edwards P Kamal M and Wee K L (1985) Incorporation of
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113
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Egyptian Journal of
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El-Sayed A F M (1990) Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a
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of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L) Aquaculture
Research 39 324 ndash 328
Eusebio P S and Coloso R M (1998) Evaluation of leguminous seed
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Fafioye O O Fagade S O Adebisi A A Oni j and Omoyinmi G A
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and Aquatic Sciences 5 11 - 15
Fagbenro O A and Davies S J (2001) Use of soybean flour (dehulled
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diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
115
growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
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Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) meals as partial
replacement for fish meal in diets for the African catfish (Clarias
gariepinus) Aquaculture 170 297 - 305
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
enzymeassay in the gut of the African bony-tongue fish Heterotis
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Falge R Schpanol L and Jurss K (1978) Amylase esterase and
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FAO (2007) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 FAO
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Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy 162pp
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Aquaculture Research 30 313 - 318
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Figueiredo-Garutti M L Navarro I Souza R H S Moraes G
Giterrez J and Vicentine-Paulino M L M (2002) Metabolic
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Fine M and Azilberg D (1996) The effect of dietary protein level
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14 A 35 ndash 42
Fiogbe E D Micha J C and Van Hove C (2004) Use of a natural
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the omnivorousndashphytoplanktonophagous tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus L Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20 517 ndash 520
Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
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ndash 178
Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
Coimbra J (1999) Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
Aquaculture International 7 57 ndash 67
Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
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fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus digestibility and growth performance Third
international symposium on research for aquaculture
fundamental and applied aspects 24ndash27 August 1997 Barcelona
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Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile
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diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes
levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L) Aquaculture
Research 36 1243 ndash 1251
Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
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Fowler L G (1980) Substitution of soy bean and cottonseed products
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Francesco M Parisi G Meodale F Lupi P Kaushik S J and Poli
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and their effects in fish Aquaculture 199 197 ndash 227
Francis G Makkar H P S and Becker K (2005) Quillaja saponins -
a natural growth promoter for fish Animal Feed Science and
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(Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost
tilapia aquaculture inputs Aquaculture 146 (1 - 4) 101 ndash 107
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enzyme activities in Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss A comparative study
Aquaculture 250 391 ndash 398
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Aquaculture Research 39 1299 ndash 1306
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
Leuceana to Mozambique tilapia and Indian major carps In
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good as its ingredients - a review of ingredient evaluation
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34
Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
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httpwwwenvdukeedusolutionsdocumentspewreportpdf
44pp
Gomes E F Rema P and Kaushik S J (1995) Replacement of fish
meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) digestibility and growth performance Aquaculture 130
177 ndash 186
Gomes E F Corraze G and Kaushik S J (1993) Effects of dietary
incorporation of a coextruded plant protein (rapeseed and peas)
on growth nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition
of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 113 339 ndash
353
120
Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
inorganic zinc by zincmethionine on vegetable and animal
protein utilization by rainbow trout In Fish Nutrition in Practice
(eds S J Kaushik and P Luquet) Biarritz France 24ndash27 June
1991 INRA editions Les Colloques pp 897ndash902
Gouveia A and Davies S J (2000) Inclusion of an extruded dehulled
pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 182 183 ndash 193
Gouveia A and Davies S J (1998) Preliminary nutritional evaluation
of pea seed meal (Pisum sativum) for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 166 311 ndash 320
Gouveia A Oliva Teles A Gomes E and Rema P (1993) Effect of
cookingexpansion of three legume seeds on growth and food
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International Journal of Food Science Technology 37 477 - 484
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Hajra A and Tripathi S D (1985) Nutritive value of aquatic weed
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Oreochromis niloticus (L) Aquaculture 66 163 ndash 179
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I (2007) Dietary plant-protein utilisation in Atlantic cod Gadus
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Gliricidia maculata Small Ruminant Research 39 (2) 113 ndash
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carp Cyprinus carpio (L) fry Aquaculture 151 55 - 70
Hasan M R Azad A K Omar F A M Akand A M and Das P M
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian
major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
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right fish to raise Virginia Coop Extn Publ No 420 - 010
Hemre G I Lie Oslash and Sundby A (1993) Dietary carbohydrate
utilization in cod (Gadus morhua) metabolic responses to feeding
and fasting Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 10 455 ndash 463
Henken A M Kleingeld D W and Tijssen P A T (1985) The effect
of feeding level on apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter
crude protein and gross energy in the African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Aquaculture 51 1 ndash 11
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Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
digestive enzymes in fish with diferent nutritional habits
Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
Higgs D A McBride J R Markert J R Dosanjh B S Plotniko M
D and Clarke W C (1982) Evaluation of Tower and Candle
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Higgs D A Fegerlund U H M McBride J R Plotnikoff M D
Dosamijh B S Jakson A J Capper B J S and Matty A J
(1983) Evaluation of some plant proteins in complete diets for
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Memorie dellIstituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 40 201 ndash 208
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Hoffman L C Prinsloo J F and Rukan G (1997) Partial
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(Brassica juncea) and evaluation of its nutritive value in the diet
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Hossain M A Focken U and Becker K (2001) Effect of soaking and
soaking followed by autoclaving of Sesbania seeds on growth and
feed utilisation in common carp Cyprinus carpio L Aquaculture
203 133 ndash 148
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protein levels Journal of Food Quality 14 345 - 354
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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Ibeas C Izquierdo M S and Lorenzo A (1994) Effect of different
levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and fatty
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digestibility and economy of production Journal of Animal and
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feed pea (Pisum sativum) meal as a protein source in practical
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ndash 98
Immanuel G Iyapparaj U Citarasu T Punitha P Michael B
and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts
improve growth immune activity and survival of tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus Journal of Fish Biology 74 (7) 1462 ndash
1475
Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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and seaweeds on the survival growth and pathogen (Vibrio
parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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687
Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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Overnell J (1973) Digestive enzymes of the pyloric caeca and of their
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L Is it necessary to have two diets of differing protein contents
Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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by the carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) growth and certain
biochemical composition of flesh Indian Journal of Biology 20 (1)
44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
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for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
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Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
Lupiaacutentildeez J A (1994) Dietary protein effects on growth and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
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Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
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162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
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Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
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Livestock Research for Rural Development 8 (4) http
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tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Egyptian Journal of
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diets for African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
115
growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
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Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
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Falge R Schpanol L and Jurss K (1978) Amylase esterase and
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FAO (2007) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 FAO
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Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy 162pp
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Figueiredo-Garutti M L Navarro I Souza R H S Moraes G
Giterrez J and Vicentine-Paulino M L M (2002) Metabolic
changes in Brycon cephalus (Teleostei Characidae) during post-
feeding and fasting Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14 A 35 ndash 42
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the omnivorousndashphytoplanktonophagous tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus L Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20 517 ndash 520
Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
the alimentary canal of tilapia and perchs Hydrobiologia 15 161
ndash 178
Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
Coimbra J (1999) Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
Aquaculture International 7 57 ndash 67
Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
Reis-Henriques M A and Coimbra M A (1997) Replacement of
fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus digestibility and growth performance Third
international symposium on research for aquaculture
fundamental and applied aspects 24ndash27 August 1997 Barcelona
Spain p 187
Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile
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diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes
levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L) Aquaculture
Research 36 1243 ndash 1251
Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
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juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima) Aquaculture 236 451 - 465
Fowler L G (1980) Substitution of soy bean and cottonseed products
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Francesco M Parisi G Meodale F Lupi P Kaushik S J and Poli
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factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients
and their effects in fish Aquaculture 199 197 ndash 227
Francis G Makkar H P S and Becker K (2005) Quillaja saponins -
a natural growth promoter for fish Animal Feed Science and
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(Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost
tilapia aquaculture inputs Aquaculture 146 (1 - 4) 101 ndash 107
Furne M Hidalgo M C Lopez A Garcia-Gallego M Morales A E
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enzyme activities in Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss A comparative study
Aquaculture 250 391 ndash 398
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of rohu Labeo rohita Asian Fisheries Science 10 139ndash147
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Aquaculture Research 39 1299 ndash 1306
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
Leuceana to Mozambique tilapia and Indian major carps In
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good as its ingredients - a review of ingredient evaluation
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Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
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httpwwwenvdukeedusolutionsdocumentspewreportpdf
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Gomes E F Rema P and Kaushik S J (1995) Replacement of fish
meal by plant proteins in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) digestibility and growth performance Aquaculture 130
177 ndash 186
Gomes E F Corraze G and Kaushik S J (1993) Effects of dietary
incorporation of a coextruded plant protein (rapeseed and peas)
on growth nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition
of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 113 339 ndash
353
120
Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
inorganic zinc by zincmethionine on vegetable and animal
protein utilization by rainbow trout In Fish Nutrition in Practice
(eds S J Kaushik and P Luquet) Biarritz France 24ndash27 June
1991 INRA editions Les Colloques pp 897ndash902
Gouveia A and Davies S J (2000) Inclusion of an extruded dehulled
pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 182 183 ndash 193
Gouveia A and Davies S J (1998) Preliminary nutritional evaluation
of pea seed meal (Pisum sativum) for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 166 311 ndash 320
Gouveia A Oliva Teles A Gomes E and Rema P (1993) Effect of
cookingexpansion of three legume seeds on growth and food
utilization by rainbow trout In Kaushik SJ Luquet P (Eds)
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International Journal of Food Science Technology 37 477 - 484
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Haard N F (1992) Control of chemical composition and food quality
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Hajra A and Tripathi S D (1985) Nutritive value of aquatic weed
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Gliricidia maculata Small Ruminant Research 39 (2) 113 ndash
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Hardy R W (1996) Alternative protein source for salmon and trout
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian
major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
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utilization and body composition in two size groups of Atlantic
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right fish to raise Virginia Coop Extn Publ No 420 - 010
Hemre G I Lie Oslash and Sundby A (1993) Dietary carbohydrate
utilization in cod (Gadus morhua) metabolic responses to feeding
and fasting Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 10 455 ndash 463
Henken A M Kleingeld D W and Tijssen P A T (1985) The effect
of feeding level on apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter
crude protein and gross energy in the African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Aquaculture 51 1 ndash 11
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Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
digestive enzymes in fish with diferent nutritional habits
Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
Higgs D A McBride J R Markert J R Dosanjh B S Plotniko M
D and Clarke W C (1982) Evaluation of Tower and Candle
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Higgs D A Fegerlund U H M McBride J R Plotnikoff M D
Dosamijh B S Jakson A J Capper B J S and Matty A J
(1983) Evaluation of some plant proteins in complete diets for
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Memorie dellIstituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 40 201 ndash 208
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Hoffman L C Prinsloo J F and Rukan G (1997) Partial
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(Brassica juncea) and evaluation of its nutritive value in the diet
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Hossain M A Focken U and Becker K (2001) Effect of soaking and
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203 133 ndash 148
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protein levels Journal of Food Quality 14 345 - 354
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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144
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Olvera-Novoa M A Pereira-Pacheco F Olivera-Castillo L Perez-
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Olvera-Novoa M A Olivera-Castillo L and Martiacutenez-Palacios C A
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Tilapia rendalli (Boulanger 1896) fingerlings Aquaculture
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
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for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
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enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
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(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
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FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
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163
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Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
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Das S K Manissery J K and Varghese T J (1994) Growth
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Davies S J McConnell S and Bateson R I (1990) Potential of
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Davis A T and Stickney R R (1978) Growth responses of Tilapia
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De Silva S S Shim K F and Ong A K (1990) An evaluation of the
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Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
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Livestock Research for Rural Development 8 (4) http
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Duumlgenci S K Arda N and Candan A (2003) Some medicinal plants
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Edwards P Kamal M and Wee K L (1985) Incorporation of
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tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings Egyptian Journal of
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El-Sayed A F M (1990) Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a
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115
growth feed utilization and digestibility Journal of Applied
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Fagbenro O A (1999) Comparative evaluation of heatprocessed
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
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Falge R Schpanol L and Jurss K (1978) Amylase esterase and
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FAO (2007) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2006 FAO
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Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy 162pp
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Figueiredo-Garutti M L Navarro I Souza R H S Moraes G
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 14 A 35 ndash 42
Fiogbe E D Micha J C and Van Hove C (2004) Use of a natural
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the omnivorousndashphytoplanktonophagous tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus L Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20 517 ndash 520
Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
the alimentary canal of tilapia and perchs Hydrobiologia 15 161
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Fontainhas-Fernandes A Gomes E Reis-Henriques M A and
Coimbra J (1999) Replacement of fish meal by plant proteins in
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
Aquaculture International 7 57 ndash 67
Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
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fish meal by plant proteins in the diet of tilapia Oreochromis
niloticus digestibility and growth performance Third
international symposium on research for aquaculture
fundamental and applied aspects 24ndash27 August 1997 Barcelona
Spain p 187
Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
nutritional regime on correlates of growth rate in juvenile
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diet composition on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes
levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L) Aquaculture
Research 36 1243 ndash 1251
Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
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Fowler L G (1980) Substitution of soy bean and cottonseed products
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Francesco M Parisi G Meodale F Lupi P Kaushik S J and Poli
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Francis G Makkar H P S and Becker K (2005) Quillaja saponins -
a natural growth promoter for fish Animal Feed Science and
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Fredson J and Chikafumbwa K (1996) The use of napier grass
(Pennisetum purpureum) and maize (Zea mays) bran as low-cost
tilapia aquaculture inputs Aquaculture 146 (1 - 4) 101 ndash 107
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enzyme activities in Adriatic sturgeon Acipenser naccarii and
rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss A comparative study
Aquaculture 250 391 ndash 398
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of rohu Labeo rohita Asian Fisheries Science 10 139ndash147
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Aquaculture Research 39 1299 ndash 1306
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hydrothermically processed leguminous seeds as supplementary
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
Leuceana to Mozambique tilapia and Indian major carps In
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good as its ingredients - a review of ingredient evaluation
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34
Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
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httpwwwenvdukeedusolutionsdocumentspewreportpdf
44pp
Gomes E F Rema P and Kaushik S J (1995) Replacement of fish
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mykiss) digestibility and growth performance Aquaculture 130
177 ndash 186
Gomes E F Corraze G and Kaushik S J (1993) Effects of dietary
incorporation of a coextruded plant protein (rapeseed and peas)
on growth nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition
of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 113 339 ndash
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120
Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
inorganic zinc by zincmethionine on vegetable and animal
protein utilization by rainbow trout In Fish Nutrition in Practice
(eds S J Kaushik and P Luquet) Biarritz France 24ndash27 June
1991 INRA editions Les Colloques pp 897ndash902
Gouveia A and Davies S J (2000) Inclusion of an extruded dehulled
pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 182 183 ndash 193
Gouveia A and Davies S J (1998) Preliminary nutritional evaluation
of pea seed meal (Pisum sativum) for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 166 311 ndash 320
Gouveia A Oliva Teles A Gomes E and Rema P (1993) Effect of
cookingexpansion of three legume seeds on growth and food
utilization by rainbow trout In Kaushik SJ Luquet P (Eds)
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aurata) composition appearance and seasonal variations
International Journal of Food Science Technology 37 477 - 484
Guillaume J Kaushik S Bergot P and Metailler R (1999)
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Gunasekera R M De Silva S S Collins R A Gooley G and
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Haard N F (1992) Control of chemical composition and food quality
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Hajra A and Tripathi S D (1985) Nutritive value of aquatic weed
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Oreochromis niloticus (L) Aquaculture 66 163 ndash 179
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I (2007) Dietary plant-protein utilisation in Atlantic cod Gadus
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Gliricidia maculata Small Ruminant Research 39 (2) 113 ndash
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Hardy R W (1996) Alternative protein source for salmon and trout
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Hasan M R Azad A K Omar F A M Akand A M and Das P M
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian
major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
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Leucaena leaf meal as a protein source for Indian major carp
Labeo rohita fingerlings In De Silva S S (Ed) Fish Nutrition
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utilization and body composition in two size groups of Atlantic
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Helfrich L (1997) Freshwater fish farming in Virginia selecting the
right fish to raise Virginia Coop Extn Publ No 420 - 010
Hemre G I Lie Oslash and Sundby A (1993) Dietary carbohydrate
utilization in cod (Gadus morhua) metabolic responses to feeding
and fasting Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 10 455 ndash 463
Henken A M Kleingeld D W and Tijssen P A T (1985) The effect
of feeding level on apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter
crude protein and gross energy in the African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Aquaculture 51 1 ndash 11
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Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
digestive enzymes in fish with diferent nutritional habits
Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
Higgs D A McBride J R Markert J R Dosanjh B S Plotniko M
D and Clarke W C (1982) Evaluation of Tower and Candle
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Higgs D A Fegerlund U H M McBride J R Plotnikoff M D
Dosamijh B S Jakson A J Capper B J S and Matty A J
(1983) Evaluation of some plant proteins in complete diets for
tilapia (Sarotherodon massambicus) Aquaculture 27 97 - 109
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digestive enzymes in fish larvae Polish Archives of Hydrobiology
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tract of several species of fish with different feeding habits
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Memorie dellIstituto Italiano di Idrobiologia 40 201 ndash 208
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Hoffman L C Prinsloo J F and Rukan G (1997) Partial
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Hossain M A Nahar N and Kamal M (1997) Nutrient digestibility
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(Brassica juncea) and evaluation of its nutritive value in the diet
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Hossain M A Focken U and Becker K (2001) Effect of soaking and
soaking followed by autoclaving of Sesbania seeds on growth and
feed utilisation in common carp Cyprinus carpio L Aquaculture
203 133 ndash 148
Hossain M A Ali M Z Rahman M M and Kader M A (2006)
Evaluation of mixed-feeding schedules with varying dietary
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with silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes)
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Huang Y W Eitenmiller R R D Lillard A and Koehler P E
(1991) Storage quality of iced channel catfish fed different
protein levels Journal of Food Quality 14 345 - 354
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
of juvenilewhite sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) to utilize
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144
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Olvera-Novoa M A Pereira-Pacheco F Olivera-Castillo L Perez-
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Olvera-Novoa M A Olivera-Castillo L and Martiacutenez-Palacios C A
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Tilapia rendalli (Boulanger 1896) fingerlings Aquaculture
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
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for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
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enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
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(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
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FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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Hossain M A Focken U and Becker K (2001) Effect of soaking and
soaking followed by autoclaving of Sesbania seeds on growth and
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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feed pea (Pisum sativum) meal as a protein source in practical
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ndash 98
Immanuel G Iyapparaj U Citarasu T Punitha P Michael B
and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts
improve growth immune activity and survival of tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus Journal of Fish Biology 74 (7) 1462 ndash
1475
Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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and seaweeds on the survival growth and pathogen (Vibrio
parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles
Aquaculture 236 53 ndash 65
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- 116
Olvera-Novoa M A Olivera-Castillo L and Martiacutenez-Palacios C A
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Tilapia rendalli (Boulanger 1896) fingerlings Aquaculture
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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687
Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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145
Overnell J (1973) Digestive enzymes of the pyloric caeca and of their
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L Is it necessary to have two diets of differing protein contents
Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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by the carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) growth and certain
biochemical composition of flesh Indian Journal of Biology 20 (1)
44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
weeds useful II Nymphoides cristatum (Roxb) O Kuntze as feed
for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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or camote (Ipomea batatas Lam) leaf meal Israeli Journal of
Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
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Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
Lupiaacutentildeez J A (1994) Dietary protein effects on growth and
fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in liver and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata
L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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Immanuel G Iyapparaj U Citarasu T Punitha P Michael B
and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts
improve growth immune activity and survival of tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus Journal of Fish Biology 74 (7) 1462 ndash
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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and seaweeds on the survival growth and pathogen (Vibrio
parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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fatty acid utilization and stress recovery of Japanese flounder
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hyacinth as duck feed Journal of Environmental Sciences 20 (5)
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digestive enzymes of carnivorous (Silurus glanis L) herbivorous
(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val) and omnivorous (Cyprinus
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Jose S Mohan M V Shyama S Ramachnadran Nair K G and
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Livestock Science 103 (1 - 2) 23 ndash 29
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enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Research 37 25 ndash 32
Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
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Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
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379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
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dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
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Divakaran S Kim B G and Ostrowski A C (1999) Digestive
enzymes present in Pacific threadfin Polydactylus sexfilis (Block
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(Cuvier 1833) Aquaculture Research 30 781 ndash 787
Domiacutenguer P L Molinet Y and Ly J (1996) Ileal and in vitro
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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Koo J Bai S C Kim K and Kim S (2001) Optimum dietary level of
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
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158
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El-Sayed A F M (1990) Long-term evaluation of cottonseed meal as a
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Haematological profile food composition and digestive
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Fasakin E A Balogun A M and Fasuru B E (1999) Use of
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Fish G R (1960) Comparative activity of some digestive enzymes in
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levels of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L) Aquaculture
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Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
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Aquaculture 250 391 ndash 398
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hydrothermically processed leguminous seeds as supplementary
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
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Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
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Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
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Gouveia A and Davies S J (1998) Preliminary nutritional evaluation
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Nutrition 2 221 ndash 227
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Mukhopadhyay N and Ray A K (1999b) Effect of fermentation on the
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Mukhopadhyay N and Ray A K (2001) Effect of amino acid
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140
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141
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
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Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
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Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
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Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
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(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
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phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
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Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
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Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
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Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
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sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
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FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
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Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
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Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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Hoffman L C Prinsloo J F and Rukan G (1997) Partial
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Hossain M A Focken U and Becker K (2001) Effect of soaking and
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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Ibeas C Izquierdo M S and Lorenzo A (1994) Effect of different
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Immanuel G Iyapparaj U Citarasu T Punitha P Michael B
and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts
improve growth immune activity and survival of tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus Journal of Fish Biology 74 (7) 1462 ndash
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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and seaweeds on the survival growth and pathogen (Vibrio
parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles
Aquaculture 236 53 ndash 65
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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Overnell J (1973) Digestive enzymes of the pyloric caeca and of their
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L Is it necessary to have two diets of differing protein contents
Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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by the carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) growth and certain
biochemical composition of flesh Indian Journal of Biology 20 (1)
44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
weeds useful II Nymphoides cristatum (Roxb) O Kuntze as feed
for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Research 37 25 ndash 32
Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
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Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in liver and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
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162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
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Koo J Bai S C Kim K and Kim S (2001) Optimum dietary level of
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318
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155
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Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
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163
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the diet of Nile tilapia digestibility and growth performance
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Fontaiacutenhas-Fernandes A Figueiredo-Fernandez A Gomes E F
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international symposium on research for aquaculture
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Foster A R Houlihan D F and Hall S J (1993) Effects of
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Fournier V Huelvan C and Desbruyeres E (2004) Incorporation of a
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a natural growth promoter for fish Animal Feed Science and
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rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss A comparative study
Aquaculture 250 391 ndash 398
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
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Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
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Goldburg R L Elliott M S and Naylor R L (2002) Marine
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httpwwwenvdukeedusolutionsdocumentspewreportpdf
44pp
Gomes E F Rema P and Kaushik S J (1995) Replacement of fish
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177 ndash 186
Gomes E F Corraze G and Kaushik S J (1993) Effects of dietary
incorporation of a coextruded plant protein (rapeseed and peas)
on growth nutrient utilization and muscle fatty acid composition
of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 113 339 ndash
353
120
Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
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protein utilization by rainbow trout In Fish Nutrition in Practice
(eds S J Kaushik and P Luquet) Biarritz France 24ndash27 June
1991 INRA editions Les Colloques pp 897ndash902
Gouveia A and Davies S J (2000) Inclusion of an extruded dehulled
pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 182 183 ndash 193
Gouveia A and Davies S J (1998) Preliminary nutritional evaluation
of pea seed meal (Pisum sativum) for juvenile European sea bass
(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 166 311 ndash 320
Gouveia A Oliva Teles A Gomes E and Rema P (1993) Effect of
cookingexpansion of three legume seeds on growth and food
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aurata) composition appearance and seasonal variations
International Journal of Food Science Technology 37 477 - 484
Guillaume J Kaushik S Bergot P and Metailler R (1999)
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Gunasekera R M De Silva S S Collins R A Gooley G and
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(Mitchell) Aquaculture Research 31 181 ndash 187
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Haard N F (1992) Control of chemical composition and food quality
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Hajra A and Tripathi S D (1985) Nutritive value of aquatic weed
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Hanley F (1987) The digestibility of feedstuffs and the effects of
feeding selectivity on digestibility determination of tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus (L) Aquaculture 66 163 ndash 179
Hansen A C Rosenlund G Karlsen O Rimbach M and Hemre G
I (2007) Dietary plant-protein utilisation in Atlantic cod Gadus
morhua Aquaculture Nutrition 13 200 ndash 215
Hao N and Ledin I (2001) Performance of growing goats fed
Gliricidia maculata Small Ruminant Research 39 (2) 113 ndash
119
Hardy R W (1996) Alternative protein source for salmon and trout
diets Animal Feed Science and Technology 59 71 - 80
Harish Kumar M Gajaria S C and Radha K S (2004) Growth and
development of catla (Catla catla) fed with different levels of diet
containing Spirogyra sp Bioresource Technology 95 73 ndash 76
Hasan M R Macintosh D J and Jauncey K (1997) Evaluation of
some plant ingredients as dietary protein sources for common
carp Cyprinus carpio (L) fry Aquaculture 151 55 - 70
Hasan M R Azad A K Omar F A M Akand A M and Das P M
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sources for the fry of Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton)
In Fish Nutrition Research in Asia Spec Publ 5 (ed by SS De
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian
major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
Hassan M R Roy P K and Akand A M (1994) Evaluation of
Leucaena leaf meal as a protein source for Indian major carp
Labeo rohita fingerlings In De Silva S S (Ed) Fish Nutrition
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Hatlen B Grisdale-Helland B and Helland S J (2005) Growth feed
utilization and body composition in two size groups of Atlantic
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Hegde D M (2006) Oilseeds finding newer niches imperative In The
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Chennai India pp 65ndash69
Helfrich L (1997) Freshwater fish farming in Virginia selecting the
right fish to raise Virginia Coop Extn Publ No 420 - 010
Hemre G I Lie Oslash and Sundby A (1993) Dietary carbohydrate
utilization in cod (Gadus morhua) metabolic responses to feeding
and fasting Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 10 455 ndash 463
Henken A M Kleingeld D W and Tijssen P A T (1985) The effect
of feeding level on apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter
crude protein and gross energy in the African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Aquaculture 51 1 ndash 11
123
Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
digestive enzymes in fish with diferent nutritional habits
Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
Higgs D A McBride J R Markert J R Dosanjh B S Plotniko M
D and Clarke W C (1982) Evaluation of Tower and Candle
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143
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
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Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
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Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
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juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
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feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
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Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
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tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
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J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
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(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
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phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
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Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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318
152
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Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
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Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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LM Munro AD Lam TJ Chen TW Cheong LKK Ding
JK Hooi KK Khoo HW Phang VPE Shim KF and Tan
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Khan M S Ang K J Ambak M A and Saad C R (1993) Optimum
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Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Aquaculture 243 323 ndash 329
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Kim J D and Kaushik S J (1992) Contribution of digestible energy
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Kohla U Saint-Paul U Friebe J Wernicke D Hilge V Braum E
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Konyeme J E Sogbesan A O and Ugwumba A A A (2006)
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Koo J Bai S C Kim K and Kim S (2001) Optimum dietary level of
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Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Ghatnekar S D Auti D G and Kamat V S (1983) Feeding
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Goda A M El-Haroun E R and Chowdhury M A K (2007) Effect of
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httpwwwenvdukeedusolutionsdocumentspewreportpdf
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Gomes E F Rema P and Kaushik S J (1995) Replacement of fish
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Gomes E F Corraze G and Kaushik S J (1993) Effects of dietary
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of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Aquaculture 113 339 ndash
353
120
Gomes E and Kaushik S J (1992) Effect of the replacement of dietary
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(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 182 183 ndash 193
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(Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 166 311 ndash 320
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Hajra A and Tripathi S D (1985) Nutritive value of aquatic weed
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
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major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
Hassan M R Roy P K and Akand A M (1994) Evaluation of
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Hemre G I Lie Oslash and Sundby A (1993) Dietary carbohydrate
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Henken A M Kleingeld D W and Tijssen P A T (1985) The effect
of feeding level on apparent digestibility of dietary dry matter
crude protein and gross energy in the African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Aquaculture 51 1 ndash 11
123
Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
Higgs D A McBride J R Markert J R Dosanjh B S Plotniko M
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Higgs D A Fegerlund U H M McBride J R Plotnikoff M D
Dosamijh B S Jakson A J Capper B J S and Matty A J
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Hilton J W Atkinson J L and Slinger S J (1982) Maximum
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Hofer R and Koumlck G (1989) Method for quantitative determination of
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143
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
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Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
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in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
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Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
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Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
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Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
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individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
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Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
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318
152
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
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Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
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Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Haard N F (1992) Control of chemical composition and food quality
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Hidalgo M C Urea E and Sanz A (1999) Comparative study of
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Proteolytic and amylase activities Aquaculture 170 267 - 283
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Higgs D A Fegerlund U H M McBride J R Plotnikoff M D
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Oecologia 48 342 ndash 345
Hofer R Via D Troppmair J and Giussani G (1982) Differences in
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124
Hoffman L C Prinsloo J F and Rukan G (1997) Partial
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Hossain M A Nahar N and Kamal M (1997) Nutrient digestibility
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Hossain M A and Jauncey K (1990) Detoxification of mustard oilcake
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Hossain M A Focken U and Becker K (2001) Effect of soaking and
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203 133 ndash 148
Hossain M A Ali M Z Rahman M M and Kader M A (2006)
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Huang Y W Eitenmiller R R D Lillard A and Koehler P E
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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Ibeas C Izquierdo M S and Lorenzo A (1994) Effect of different
levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids on growth and fatty
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Ige A O Odunsi A A Akinlade J A and Ojedapo L O (2006)
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Ilda G Borlongan P Eusebio S and Welsh T (2003) Potential of
feed pea (Pisum sativum) meal as a protein source in practical
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Immanuel G Iyapparaj U Citarasu T Punitha P Michael B
and Palavesam A (2009) Dietary medicinal plant extracts
improve growth immune activity and survival of tilapia
Oreochromis mossambicus Journal of Fish Biology 74 (7) 1462 ndash
1475
Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles
Aquaculture 236 53 ndash 65
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Ishaya I Moor I and Joseph D (1971) Protease and amylase activity
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Islam M S and Tanaka M (2004) Optimization of dietary protein
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(Cypriniformes Cyprinidae) Aquaculture Research 35 1270 ndash
1276
Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
Q Qin J and Su B (2005) Maintains rictor-mTOR complex
integrity and regulates Akt phosphorylation and substrate
specificity Cell 7125 ndash 137
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plant proteins in complete diets for the tilapia Sarotherodon
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Jafri A K and Anwar M F (1995) Protein digestibility of some-
lowcost feed stuffs in fingerlings Indian major carps Asian
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comparison of selected quality features of the tissue and
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fatty acid utilization and stress recovery of Japanese flounder
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hyacinth as duck feed Journal of Environmental Sciences 20 (5)
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Jonas E Ragyanski M Olah J and Boross L (1983) Proteolytic
digestive enzymes of carnivorous (Silurus glanis L) herbivorous
(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val) and omnivorous (Cyprinus
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Jose S Mohan M V Shyama S Ramachnadran Nair K G and
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mrigala (Ham) Aquaculture and Nutrition 12 275 - 279
Juma H K Abdulrazak S A Muinga R W and Ambula M K
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supplements to Napier grass basal diet in relation to the
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Livestock Science 103 (1 - 2) 23 ndash 29
Jung S H Lee J S Han H K Jun C Y and Lee H Y (2002)
Effects of medicinal herbs extract on non-specific immune
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Paralichthys olivaceus by oral administration Jornal of Fish
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2008)
Supplementation of four non-conventional aquatic weeds to the
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2007)
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fish feeds Food Chemistry 103 204 ndash 209
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method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
Penaeus monodon juveniles Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-
Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
Lupiaacutentildeez J A (1994) Dietary protein effects on growth and
fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in liver and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata
L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
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Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
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379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
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dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
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Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
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Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
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Hasan M R Haq M S Das P M and Mowlah G (1997) Evaluation
of poultry-feather meal as a dietary protein source for Indian
major carp Labeo rohita fry Aquaculture 151 47 ndash 54
Hassan M R Roy P K and Akand A M (1994) Evaluation of
Leucaena leaf meal as a protein source for Indian major carp
Labeo rohita fingerlings In De Silva S S (Ed) Fish Nutrition
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Hatlen B Grisdale-Helland B and Helland S J (2005) Growth feed
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and carbohydrate content Aquaculture 249 401 - 408
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Hemre G I Lie Oslash and Sundby A (1993) Dietary carbohydrate
utilization in cod (Gadus morhua) metabolic responses to feeding
and fasting Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 10 455 ndash 463
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143
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
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Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
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Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
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feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
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Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
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Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
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tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
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J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
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(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
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phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
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Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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318
152
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Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
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Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
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Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
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Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
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Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
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Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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Hoffman L C Prinsloo J F and Rukan G (1997) Partial
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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Jonas E Ragyanski M Olah J and Boross L (1983) Proteolytic
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Jose S Mohan M V Shyama S Ramachnadran Nair K G and
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Livestock Science 103 (1 - 2) 23 ndash 29
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Effects of medicinal herbs extract on non-specific immune
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2008)
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2007)
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Kaushik S J Coves D Dutto G and Blanc D (2004) Almost total
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Kaushik S J Cravedi J P Lalles J P Sumpter J Fauconneau B
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LM Munro AD Lam TJ Chen TW Cheong LKK Ding
JK Hooi KK Khoo HW Phang VPE Shim KF and Tan
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Khan M S Ang K J Ambak M A and Saad C R (1993) Optimum
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Koo J Bai S C Kim K and Kim S (2001) Optimum dietary level of
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Kumar S Sahu N P Pal A K Choudhury D and Mukherjee S C
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Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Hung S S O Fynn-Aikins K Lutes P B and Xu R (1989) Ability
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Ibeas C Izquierdo M S and Lorenzo A (1994) Effect of different
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Immanuel G Vincybai V C Sivaram V Palavesam A and Marian
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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Jonas E Ragyanski M Olah J and Boross L (1983) Proteolytic
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Jose S Mohan M V Shyama S Ramachnadran Nair K G and
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Livestock Science 103 (1 - 2) 23 ndash 29
Jung S H Lee J S Han H K Jun C Y and Lee H Y (2002)
Effects of medicinal herbs extract on non-specific immune
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2008)
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2007)
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Kalla A Bhatnagar A and Garg S K (2004) Further studies on
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Kaushik S J Coves D Dutto G and Blanc D (2004) Almost total
replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a
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Kaushik S J Cravedi J P Lalles J P Sumpter J Fauconneau B
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by soybean protein on growth protein utilization potential
estrogenic or antigenic effects cholesterolemia and flesh quality
in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Aquaculture 133 257 ndash
274
Kawai S and Ikeda S (1973) Studies in digestive enzymes of fishes
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Kawai S and Ikeda S (1972) Studies on digestive enzymes of fish II
Effect of dietary change on the activity of digestive enzymes in
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Khan M A Jafri A K Chadha N K and Usmani N (2003) Growth
and body composition of rohu (Labeo rohita) fed diets containing
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soybean meal in diets formulated for fingerling carp Labeo rohita
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LM Munro AD Lam TJ Chen TW Cheong LKK Ding
JK Hooi KK Khoo HW Phang VPE Shim KF and Tan
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Khan M A Jafri A K and Chadha N K (2004) Growth and body
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20 265 ndash 270
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Khan M S Ang K J Ambak M A and Saad C R (1993) Optimum
dietary protein requirement of a Malaysian catfish Mystus
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Kikuchi K (2007) Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Corn Gluten
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Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 357 ndash 363
Kim J H Moon Y B Jeong C H and Kim D S (2000) Utilization
of dietary herb Obosan III Growth of juvenile olive flounder
Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of Aquaculture 13 231 ndash 238
Kim D S Kim J H Jeong C H Lee Y S Lee S and Moon Y B
(1998) Utilization of Obosan (dietary herbs) I Effects on
survival growth feed conversion ratio and condition factor in
olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of Aquaculture 11
213 ndash 221
Kim K Bai S C Koo J Wang X and Kim S (2002) Effects of
dietary Chlorella ellipsoidea supplementation on growth blood
characteristic and whole-body composition in juvenile olive
flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of World Aquaculture
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Kim L O and Lee S M (2005) Effects of dietary protein and lipid
levels on growth and body composition of bagrid catfish
Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Aquaculture 243 323 ndash 329
Kim J D and Lall S P (2001) Effects of dietary protein level on
growth and utilization of protein and energy by juvenile haddock
(Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Aquaculture 195 311 ndash 319
Kim K W Wang X J and Bai S C (2002) Optimum dietary protein
level for maximum growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys
131
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ndash 679
Kim J D and Kaushik S J (1992) Contribution of digestible energy
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Kissil G W Lupatsch I Higgs D A and Hardy R (2000) Dietary
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150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Jacinto E Facchinetti V Liu D Soto N Wei S Jung S Huang
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Khan M S Ang K J Ambak M A and Saad C R (1993) Optimum
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Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
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tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
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Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
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sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
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L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
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379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
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Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
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Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
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127
fatty acid utilization and stress recovery of Japanese flounder
Fisheries Science 73 70 ndash 76
Jianbo L U Zhihui F U and Yin Z Z (2008) Performance of a water
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hyacinth as duck feed Journal of Environmental Sciences 20 (5)
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Jonas E Ragyanski M Olah J and Boross L (1983) Proteolytic
digestive enzymes of carnivorous (Silurus glanis L) herbivorous
(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val) and omnivorous (Cyprinus
carpio L) fishes Aquaculture 30 145 ndash 154
Jose S Mohan M V Shyama S Ramachnadran Nair K G and
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growthand survival rate of the Indian major carp Cirrhinus
mrigala (Ham) Aquaculture and Nutrition 12 275 - 279
Juma H K Abdulrazak S A Muinga R W and Ambula M K
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supplements to Napier grass basal diet in relation to the
performance of lactating Jersey cows
Livestock Science 103 (1 - 2) 23 ndash 29
Jung S H Lee J S Han H K Jun C Y and Lee H Y (2002)
Effects of medicinal herbs extract on non-specific immune
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Paralichthys olivaceus by oral administration Jornal of Fish
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2008)
Supplementation of four non-conventional aquatic weeds to the
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2007)
Evaluation of the nutritional quality of four unexplored aquatic
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fish feeds Food Chemistry 103 204 ndash 209
Kalla A Bhatnagar A and Garg S K (2004) Further studies on
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Kaushik S J (1990) Use of alternative protein sources for the
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Kaushik S J Cravedi J P Lalles J P Sumpter J Fauconneau B
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by soybean protein on growth protein utilization potential
estrogenic or antigenic effects cholesterolemia and flesh quality
in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Aquaculture 133 257 ndash
274
Kawai S and Ikeda S (1973) Studies in digestive enzymes of fishes
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129
Kawai S and Ikeda S (1972) Studies on digestive enzymes of fish II
Effect of dietary change on the activity of digestive enzymes in
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Khan M A and Jafri A K (1994) Replacement of fish meal with
soybean meal in diets formulated for fingerling carp Labeo rohita
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LM Munro AD Lam TJ Chen TW Cheong LKK Ding
JK Hooi KK Khoo HW Phang VPE Shim KF and Tan
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Philippines
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Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
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Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
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Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
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Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
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Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
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Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
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318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
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Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
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sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
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L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
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Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
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379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
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162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
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Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
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Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
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Kalita P Mukhopadhyay P K and Mukherjee A K (2007)
Evaluation of the nutritional quality of four unexplored aquatic
weeds from North East India for the formulation of cost-effective
fish feeds Food Chemistry 103 204 ndash 209
Kalla A Bhatnagar A and Garg S K (2004) Further studies on
protein requirements of growing Indian major carps under field
conditions Asian Fisheries Science 17 191 ndash 200
Kaushik S J (1990) Use of alternative protein sources for the
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Kaushik S J Coves D Dutto G and Blanc D (2004) Almost total
replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources in the diet of a
marine teleost the European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax
Aquaculture 230 391 - 404
Kaushik S J Cravedi J P Lalles J P Sumpter J Fauconneau B
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by soybean protein on growth protein utilization potential
estrogenic or antigenic effects cholesterolemia and flesh quality
in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Aquaculture 133 257 ndash
274
Kawai S and Ikeda S (1973) Studies in digestive enzymes of fishes
III Development of the digestive enzymes of rainbow trout after
hatching and the effect of dietary change on the activities of
digestive enzymes in the juvenile stage Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 38 265 ndash 270
129
Kawai S and Ikeda S (1972) Studies on digestive enzymes of fish II
Effect of dietary change on the activity of digestive enzymes in
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Khan M A Jafri A K Chadha N K and Usmani N (2003) Growth
and body composition of rohu (Labeo rohita) fed diets containing
oilseed meals partial or total replacement of fish meal with
soybean meal Aquaculture Nutrition 9 391 - 396
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soybean meal in diets formulated for fingerling carp Labeo rohita
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LM Munro AD Lam TJ Chen TW Cheong LKK Ding
JK Hooi KK Khoo HW Phang VPE Shim KF and Tan
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Khan M A Jafri A K and Chadha N K (2004) Growth and body
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20 265 ndash 270
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Khan M S Ang K J Ambak M A and Saad C R (1993) Optimum
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Kikuchi K (2007) Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Corn Gluten
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149
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150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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155
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Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
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163
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dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
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Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
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Kawai S and Ikeda S (1972) Studies on digestive enzymes of fish II
Effect of dietary change on the activity of digestive enzymes in
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Khan M A Jafri A K Chadha N K and Usmani N (2003) Growth
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Khan M A and Jafri A K (1994) Replacement of fish meal with
soybean meal in diets formulated for fingerling carp Labeo rohita
Hamilton Proceedings of the Third Asian Fisheries Forum (Chou
LM Munro AD Lam TJ Chen TW Cheong LKK Ding
JK Hooi KK Khoo HW Phang VPE Shim KF and Tan
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Philippines
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20 265 ndash 270
130
Khan M S Ang K J Ambak M A and Saad C R (1993) Optimum
dietary protein requirement of a Malaysian catfish Mystus
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Kikuchi K (2007) Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Corn Gluten
Meal in Diets for Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 357 ndash 363
Kim J H Moon Y B Jeong C H and Kim D S (2000) Utilization
of dietary herb Obosan III Growth of juvenile olive flounder
Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of Aquaculture 13 231 ndash 238
Kim D S Kim J H Jeong C H Lee Y S Lee S and Moon Y B
(1998) Utilization of Obosan (dietary herbs) I Effects on
survival growth feed conversion ratio and condition factor in
olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of Aquaculture 11
213 ndash 221
Kim K Bai S C Koo J Wang X and Kim S (2002) Effects of
dietary Chlorella ellipsoidea supplementation on growth blood
characteristic and whole-body composition in juvenile olive
flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of World Aquaculture
Society 33 425 ndash 431
Kim L O and Lee S M (2005) Effects of dietary protein and lipid
levels on growth and body composition of bagrid catfish
Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Aquaculture 243 323 ndash 329
Kim J D and Lall S P (2001) Effects of dietary protein level on
growth and utilization of protein and energy by juvenile haddock
(Melanogrammus aeglefinus) Aquaculture 195 311 ndash 319
Kim K W Wang X J and Bai S C (2002) Optimum dietary protein
level for maximum growth of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys
131
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Kim J D and Kaushik S J (1992) Contribution of digestible energy
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requirements for growth of rainbow trout Aquaculture 106 161
ndash 169
Kissil G W Lupatsch I Higgs D A and Hardy R (2000) Dietary
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meal and their effects on growth and nutrient utilization on
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L Aquaculture Research 31
593 ndash 601
Kitamikado M and Tachino S (1960) Studies on the digestive
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Kohla U Saint-Paul U Friebe J Wernicke D Hilge V Braum E
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Kolkovski S (2001) Digestive enzymes in fish larvae and juveniles -
implications and applications to formulated diets Aquaculture
200 181 - 200
Konyeme J E Sogbesan A O and Ugwumba A A A (2006)
Nutritive value and utilization of water hyacinth (Eichhornia
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150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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155
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Khan M S Ang K J Ambak M A and Saad C R (1993) Optimum
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Kim J H Moon Y B Jeong C H and Kim D S (2000) Utilization
of dietary herb Obosan III Growth of juvenile olive flounder
Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of Aquaculture 13 231 ndash 238
Kim D S Kim J H Jeong C H Lee Y S Lee S and Moon Y B
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survival growth feed conversion ratio and condition factor in
olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus Journal of Aquaculture 11
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Kim K Bai S C Koo J Wang X and Kim S (2002) Effects of
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characteristic and whole-body composition in juvenile olive
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Kim L O and Lee S M (2005) Effects of dietary protein and lipid
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Pseudobagrus fulvidraco Aquaculture 243 323 ndash 329
Kim J D and Lall S P (2001) Effects of dietary protein level on
growth and utilization of protein and energy by juvenile haddock
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Kim K W Wang X J and Bai S C (2002) Optimum dietary protein
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Koo J Bai S C Kim K and Kim S (2001) Optimum dietary level of
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Krogdahl A Hemre G I and Mommsen T P (2005) Carbohydrates
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Aquaculture Nutrition 11 103 ndash 122
Kumar S Sahu N P Pal A K Choudhury D and Mukherjee S C
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Experimental rearing on abalone Haliotis asinina Linneus with
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(Hippoglossus hippoglossus L) Aquaculture Nutrition 13 170 ndash
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Law A T (19860 Digestibility of low cost ingredients in pelleted feed
by grass carp Cetenopharyngodon idella Aquaculture 51 97 ndash
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Le Moullac G and VanWormhoudt A (1994) Adaptation of digestive
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Lee K J Dabrowsky K and Blom J H (2001) Replacement of fish
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diets North American Journal of Aquaculture 63109 ndash117
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Koo J Bai S C Kim K and Kim S (2001) Optimum dietary level of
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Aquaculture Nutrition 11 103 ndash 122
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Law A T (19860 Digestibility of low cost ingredients in pelleted feed
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134
Le Moullac G and VanWormhoudt A (1994) Adaptation of digestive
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Lopez-Lopez S Nolasco H Villarreal-Colmenares H and Civera-
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Optimal dietary protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus
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Aquaculture Nutrition 10 247 ndash 252
Luo L Xue M Wu X Cai X Cao H and Liang Y (2006) Partial or
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Masumoto T Ruchimat T Ito Y Hosokawa H and Shimeno S
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Mbahinzireki G B Dabrowski K Lee K J El ndash Saidy D and
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aquaculture diets httpedisifasufleduFA122
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Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
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Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
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Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
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143
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
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146
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
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in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
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Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
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Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
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Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
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(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
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individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
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Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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318
152
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
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Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
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Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
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Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
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Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
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(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
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Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
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Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
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sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
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L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
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Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
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157
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
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Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
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Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
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3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
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Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
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dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
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Le Moullac G and VanWormhoudt A (1994) Adaptation of digestive
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diets for channel catfish Hyacinth Control Journal 9(1) 40 ndash 43
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Lee K J Dabrowsky K and Blom J H (2001) Replacement of fish
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diets North American Journal of Aquaculture 63109 ndash117
Li P Wang X Hardy R W and Gatlin D M (2004) Nutritional
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Lim C and Dominy W (1991) Utilization of plant proteins by warm
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of five Chinese herb medicines as additive in feed on the growth
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Journal of Dalian Fisheries University 19 16 ndash 20
135
Lopez-Lopez S Nolasco H Villarreal-Colmenares H and Civera-
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Cherax quadricarinatus Aquaculture Nutrition 11 79 ndash 85
Lowry O H Rosenbrough N J Farr A L and Randall R J (1951)
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Lundstedt L M Bibiano Melo J F and Moraes G (2004) Digestive
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 137 B 331 ndash 339
Lundstedt L M Bibiano Melo J F and Moraes G (2002) Induction
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Luo Z Liu Y J Mai K S Tian L Liu D and Tian X Y (2004)
Optimal dietary protein requirement of grouper Epinephelus
coioides juveniles fed isoenergetic diets in floating net cages
Aquaculture Nutrition 10 247 ndash 252
Luo L Xue M Wu X Cai X Cao H and Liang Y (2006) Partial or
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Aquaculture Nutrition 12 418 ndash 424
Maina R Beames P Mbugua G I and Kisia S (2002) Digestibility
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Ogunji J O and Wirth M (2001) Alternative protein sources as
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144
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Olvera-Novoa M A Pereira-Pacheco F Olivera-Castillo L Perez-
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Olvera-Novoa M A Olivera-Castillo L and Martiacutenez-Palacios C A
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
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for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
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in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
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Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
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Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
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(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
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252 421 ndash 428
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Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
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Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Clarias gariepinus in Rwanda effects on growth feed utilization
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Ogunji J O and Wirth M (2001) Alternative protein sources as
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144
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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44 - 50
Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 58 882 - 886
Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
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for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
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rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
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in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
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Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
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Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
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(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
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34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
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Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
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sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
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Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
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96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
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(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
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Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
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Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
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Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
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complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
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Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
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Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
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dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
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Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
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Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
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of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
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(Sebastes mentella) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
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Murthy H S and Naik A T R (2000) Effect of dietary protein and
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Mustafa M G Umino T and Nakagawa H (1994) The effects of
spirulina feeding on the muscle protein deposition in red sea
bream Pagrus major Journal of Applied Icthoyology 10 141 ndash
145
Muzinic L A Thompson K R Metts L S Dasgupta S and Webster
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of fish meal in practical diets for sunshine bass (Morone chrysops
times Morone saxatilis) grown in tanks Aquaculture Nutrition 12 71
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Nahar Z Azad Shah A K M Bhandari R K Ali M H and Dewan
S (2000) Effect of different feeds on growth survival and
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Nandeesha M C Gangadhara B Varghese T J and Keshavanath P
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Nandeesha M C Gangadhara B and Manissery J K (2002) Further
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141
animal based diets for common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
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Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
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Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
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feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
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Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
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Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
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Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
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Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
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Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
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Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
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149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
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96 281 ndash 291
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Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
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Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
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Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
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331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
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(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
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Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
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Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
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phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
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Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
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alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
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replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
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Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
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318
152
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Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
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Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
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Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
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Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
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Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
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Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
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Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
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Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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331 ndash 345
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Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
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Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
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Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
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151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
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155
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
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Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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157
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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158
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159
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
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160
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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161
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
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Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
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163
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Nour A M Omar E Akkada A R A and Guumlnther K D (1989)
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Clarias gariepinus in Rwanda effects on growth feed utilization
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144
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Olvera-Novoa M A Olivera-Castillo L and Martiacutenez-Palacios C A
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
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Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
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rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton) Journal of Aquaculture 7 11 - 15
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
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Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
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147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
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Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
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Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
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Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
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Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
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Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
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Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
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Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
pea Lathyrus sativus seed meal in compound diets for rohu
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
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NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
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Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
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Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
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complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
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3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
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Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
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Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
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dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
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Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
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the Third International Symposium on Feeding and Nutrition in
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Olurin K B Olojo E A A and Olukoya O A (2006) Growth of
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Olvera-Novoa M A Martinez P C A Galvan C R and Chavez S C
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Olvera-Novoa M A Pereira-Pacheco F Olivera-Castillo L Perez-
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unguiculata) protein concentrate as replacement for fish meal in
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- 116
Olvera-Novoa M A Olivera-Castillo L and Martiacutenez-Palacios C A
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Tilapia rendalli (Boulanger 1896) fingerlings Aquaculture
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Omoregie E (2001) Utilization and nutrient digestibility of mango
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Orban E Nevigato T Di Lena G Casini I and Marzetti A (2003)
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Patra B C Maity J Banerjee S and Patra S (1999) Making
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
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Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
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Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
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Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
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Penaeus monodon juveniles Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-
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Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
Lupiaacutentildeez J A (1994) Dietary protein effects on growth and
fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in liver and
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Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata
L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
pea Lathyrus sativus seed meal in compound diets for rohu
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
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Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
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Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
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Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
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Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
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Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
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Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
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Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
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Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
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379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
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channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
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Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
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Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
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Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
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Overnell J (1973) Digestive enzymes of the pyloric caeca and of their
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L Is it necessary to have two diets of differing protein contents
Aquaculture Research 34 1343 - 1352
Patra B C Maity J Banerjee S and Patra S (1999) Making
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988a) A preliminary study on the
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Patra B C and Ray A K (1988b) Performance of the air-breathing
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Patra B C Maity J Debnath J and Patra S (2002) Making aquatic
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for an Indian major carp Labeo rohita (Hamilton) Aquaculture
Nutrition 8 33 ndash 42
Paul B N Sarkar S and Mukhopadhyay P K (1999) Comparative
effect of varied dietary protein sources on growth performance of
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Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens) Aquaculture
Research 37 25 ndash 32
Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
(2007) Effect of a variety of animal plant and single cell-based
feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme
activity in redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von
Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
fed diets were partially replaced with papaya (Carica papaya L)
or camote (Ipomea batatas Lam) leaf meal Israeli Journal of
Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
Penaeus monodon juveniles Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-
Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
Lupiaacutentildeez J A (1994) Dietary protein effects on growth and
fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in liver and
white muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata
L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
pea Lathyrus sativus seed meal in compound diets for rohu
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
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(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
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rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
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In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
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Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
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leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
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300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
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Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
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Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
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Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
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- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
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Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
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growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
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ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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163 - 168
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
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Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
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soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
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Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
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252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
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solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
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meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
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Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
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162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
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35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
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of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
146
Pavasovic A Richardson N A Mather P B and Anderson A J
(2006) Influence of insoluble dietary cellulose on digestive
enzyme activity feed digestibility and survival in the red claw
crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens) Aquaculture
Research 37 25 ndash 32
Pavasovic A Anderson A J Mather P B and Richardson N A
(2007) Effect of a variety of animal plant and single cell-based
feed ingredients on diet digestibility and digestive enzyme
activity in redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus (Von
Martens 1868) Aquaculture 272 564 ndash 572
Penaflorida V D (1995) Growth and survival of juvenile tiger shrimp
fed diets were partially replaced with papaya (Carica papaya L)
or camote (Ipomea batatas Lam) leaf meal Israeli Journal of
Aquaculture-Bamidgeh 47 25 - 33
Penaflorida V D Pascual F P and Tabbu N S (1992) A practical
method of extracting mimosine from ipil-ipil Leucaena
leucocephala leaves and its effect on survival and growth of
Penaeus monodon juveniles Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-
Bamidgeh 44 24 - 31
Peragoacuten J Barroso J B Garciacutea-Salguero L de la Higuera M and
Lupiaacutentildeez J A (1994) Dietary protein effects on growth and
fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates in liver and
white muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Aquaculture 124 35 ndash 46
Pereira T G and Oliva-Teles A (2003) Evaluation of corn gluten meal
as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata
L) juveniles Aquaculture Research 34 1111 - 1117
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
pea Lathyrus sativus seed meal in compound diets for rohu
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
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Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
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hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
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common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
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juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
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Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
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Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
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Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
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158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
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Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
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Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
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rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
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Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
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161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
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Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
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Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
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utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
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35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
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of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
147
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (2002) Utilization of rawand gelatinized
starch by European sea bass (Decentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Aquaculture 205 287 - 299
Peres H and Oliva-Teles A (1999) Effect of dietary lipid level on
growth performance and feed utilization by European sea bass
juveniles (Dicentrarchus labrax) Aquaculture 179 325 ndash 334
Peacuteres A Zambonino Infante J L and Cahu C L (1998) Dietary
regulation of activities and mRNA levels of trypsin and amylase
in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 19 145 ndash 152
Phillips A M Jr (1972) Calories and energy requirement In Halver
J E (ed) Fish nutrition New York Academic press pp 1-28
Plantikow H (1981) Amylaseaktivatat von Regenbogenforellen (Salmo
gardineri Richardson) nach Akklimatisation an verschiedene
Milieutemperaturen und-salinitaten and ihre Bedeutung fur die
Kohlenhydratverdaulichkeit IV Wiss Konf Zu Fragen d
Physiol Biol und Parasitol Von Nutzfischen 2ndash6 September
1980 Rostock pp 23ndash26
Pongmaneerat J Watanabe T Takeuchi T and Satoh S (1993) Use
of different protein meals as partial or total substitution for fish
meal in carp diets Bulletin of Japanese Society of Scientific
Fisheries 59 1249 - 1257
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1991) Nutritive value of protein of
feed ingredients for carp Cyprinus carpio Bulletin of Japanese
Society of Fisheries Science 57 503 ndash 510
Pongmaneerat J and Watanabe T (1992) Utilization of soybean meal
as protein source in diets for rainbow trout Nippon Suisan
Gakkaishi 58 1983 ndash 1990
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
pea Lathyrus sativus seed meal in compound diets for rohu
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
through digestibility experiments The University of Georgia
Press Athens USA 423 pp
Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
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Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
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(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
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Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
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protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
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of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
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Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
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and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
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Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
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incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
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in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
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Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
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Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
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111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
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tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
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75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
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Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
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in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
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Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
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Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
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160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
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Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
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AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
148
Pouomogne V Takam G and Pouemegne J (1997) A preliminary
evaluation of cacao husks in practical diets for juvenile Nile
tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Aquaculture 156 211 - 219
Prasad R R (1974) ldquoFisheries development in Indiardquo Sea food export
J Vol 4 (1) pp20
Quartararo N Allan G L and Bell J D (1998) Replacement of fish
meal in diets for Australian snapper Pagrus auratus
Aquaculture 166 279 - 295
Rahman M H Wahab M A Ahmed A and Tyeb A (1988) The
effects of feeding Leucaena leucocephala to Tilapia nilotica
Leucaena Research Reports 9 35 ndash 36
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2004) Inclusion of extruded grass
pea Lathyrus sativus seed meal in compound diets for rohu
Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerlings Acta Ichthyologica et
Piscatoria 34 (2) 205 ndash 218
Ramachandran S Bairagi A and Ray A K (2005) Improvement of
nutritive value of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) seed meal in the
formulated diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings
after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium Bioresource
Technology 96 1465 ndash 1472
Ramachandran S and Ray A K (2007) Nutritional evaluation of
fermented black gram (Phaseolus mungo) seed meal in compound
diets for rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings Journal of
Applied Ichthyology 23 74 - 79
Rashid M D Hossain M S and Kawsar M H (2001) Evaluation of
complete rations containing road side grass Maize (Zea mays)
silage or water hyacinth leaves (Eichhornia crassipes) in
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
through digestibility experiments The University of Georgia
Press Athens USA 423 pp
Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
composition and nitrogen- and phosphorus balance in rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36
(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
clarkii) fed on Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia stagnina and
Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
149
Bangladeshi bull calves Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences
4 (7) 906 ndash 908
Ravi J and Devaraj K V (1991) Quantitative essential amino acid
requirements for growth of Catla catla (Hamilton) Aquaculture
96 281 ndash 291
Rawling M D Merrifield D L and Davies S J (2009) Preliminary
assessment of dietary supplementation of Sangrovit on red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) growth performance and health
Aquaculture 294 (1 - 2) 118 ndash 122
Ray A K and Das I (1992) Utilization of diets containing composted
aquatic weed (Salvinia cuculata) by the Indian major carp rohu
(Labeo rohita Ham) fingerlings Bioresource Technology 40 67 ndash
72
Ray A K and Das I (1994) Apparent digestibility of some aquatic
macrophytes in rohu Labeo rohita (Ham) fingerlings Journal of
Aquaculture in the Tropics 9 335 ndash 342
Ray A K and Das I (1995) Evaluation of dried aquatic weed Pistia
stratiotes meal as a feedstuff in pelleted feed for rohu Labeo
rohita fingerlings Journal of Applied Aquaculture 5 35 ndash 44
Reddy M R and Mohanrao A V (1979) Studies on supplementation of
water hyacinth hay to paddy straw for improved utilization by
growing cross-bred calves Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 49
(8) 618 ndash 621
Refstie S Svihus B Shearer K D and Storebakken T (1999)
Nutrient digestibility in Atlantic salmon and broiler chickens
related to viscosity and non-starch polysaccharide content in
different soybean products Animal Feed Science Technology 79
331 ndash 345
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
through digestibility experiments The University of Georgia
Press Athens USA 423 pp
Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
composition and nitrogen- and phosphorus balance in rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36
(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
clarkii) fed on Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia stagnina and
Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
150
Regost C Arzel J and Kaushik S J (1999) Partial or total
replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot
Psetta maxima Aquaculture 180 90 - 117
Reigh R C and Ellis S C (1992) Effects of dietary soybean and
fishprotein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum
(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets Aquaculture 104
279 ndash 292
Reimer G (1982) The influence on diet on the digestive enzymes of the
Amazon fish Matrincha Brycon cf melanopterus Journal of Fish
Biology 21 637 - 642
Rekhate D H Ukey S and Dhok A P (2004) Performance and
haemobiochemical profile of broilers fed on supplementation of
shatavari (Asparagus racemosus) root powder Indian Journal of
Poultry Science 39 (2) 82 -84
Reyes O S and Fermin A C (2003) Terrestrial leaf meals or
freshwater aquatic fern as potential feed ingredients for farmed
abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus1758) Aquaculture Research
34 593 - 599
Richards D E Brown W F Ruegsegger G and Bates D B (1994)
Replacement value of tree legumes for concentrates in forage-
based diets II Replacement value of Leucaena leucocephala and
Gliricidia sepium for lactating goats
Animal Feed Science and Technology 46 (1 - 2) 53 ndash 65
Riche M Trottier N L Ku P K and Garling D L (2001) Apparent
digestibility of crude protein and apparent availability of
individual amino acids in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fed
phytase pretreated soybean meal diets Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 181 - 194
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
through digestibility experiments The University of Georgia
Press Athens USA 423 pp
Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
composition and nitrogen- and phosphorus balance in rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36
(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
clarkii) fed on Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia stagnina and
Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
151
Ritcher N Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Evaluation of
nutritional quality of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) leaves as
alternative protein source for Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Aquaculture 217 599 - 611
Robaina L Izquiedo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
Montero D and Fernandez ndash palacios H (1995) Soybean and
lupin seed meals as protein sources in diets for gilthead seabream
(Sparus aurata) nutritional and histological implications
Aquaculture 130 219 - 233
Robaina L Izquierdo M S Moyano F J Socorro J Vergara J M
and Montero D (1998) Increase of the dietary n-3n-6 fatty acid
ratio and addition of phosphorus improves liver histological
alterations induced by feeding diets containing soybean meal to
gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Aquaculture 161 281 ndash 293
Robinson E H and Li M H (1994) Use of plant proteins in catfish
feeds replacement of soybean meal with cottonseed meal and
replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 25 271 - 276
Robinson E H and Tiersch T R (1995) Eects of long-term feeding of
cottonseed meal on growth testis development and sperm
mortality of male channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus broodfish
Journal of World Aquaculture Society 26 426 - 431
Robinson E H and Li M H (1999) Effect of dietary protein
concentration and feeding rate on weight gain feed efficiency
and body composition of pond-raised channel catfish Ictalurus
punctatus Journal of World Aquaculture Society 30 (3) 311 -
318
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
through digestibility experiments The University of Georgia
Press Athens USA 423 pp
Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
composition and nitrogen- and phosphorus balance in rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36
(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
clarkii) fed on Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia stagnina and
Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
152
Rungruangsak T K and Male R (2000) Trypsin isozymes
Development digestion and structure In Seafood Enzymes
Utilization and Influence on Postharvest Seafood Quality (N F
Haard and B K Simpson eds) Marcel Dekker Inc New York
NY pp 215 ndash 269
Rychly J and Spannhof L (1979) Nitrogen balance in trout I
Digestibility of diets containing varying levels of protein and
carbohydrates Aquaculture 16 39 ndash 46
Sabapathy U and Teo L H (1993) A quantitative study of some
digestive enzymes in rabbitfish Siganus canaliculatus and the
sea bass Lates calcarifer Journal of Fish Biology 42 595 - 602
Saha A K and Ray A K (1998) Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham)
fingerlings with alternate feeding of low and high protein diets
In Technological Advancements in Fisheries (ed by B M
Kurup) CUSAT Cochin India pp114 - 119
Sales J Truter P J and Britz P J (2003) Optimum dietary crude
protein level for growth in South African abalone (Haliotis midae
L) Aquaculture Nutrition 9 85 ndash 89
Samocha M S Davis D A Saoud I P and De Bault K (2004)
Substitution of fish meal by co-extruded soybean poultry by-
product meal in practical diets for the pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei Aquaculture 231 197 - 203
Sandbrook E and Hepher B (1978) The utilization of microalgae as a
feed for fish Archives in Hydrobiology 11 108 ndash 120
Sandholm M Smith R R Shih J C H and Scott M L (1976)
Determination of anti-trypsin activity on agar plates relationship
between antitrypsin and biological values of soybean for trout
Journal of Nutrition 106 761 - 766
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
through digestibility experiments The University of Georgia
Press Athens USA 423 pp
Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
composition and nitrogen- and phosphorus balance in rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36
(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
clarkii) fed on Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia stagnina and
Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
153
Santiago C B Aldaba M B Laron M A and Reyes O S (1988)
Reproductive performance and growth of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock fed diets containing Leucaena
leucocephala leaf meal Aquaculture 70 53 - 61
Sanz A Morales A E De la Higuera M and Cardenate G (1994)
Sunflower meal compared with soybean meal as partial
substitutes for fish meal in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
dietsmdashprotein and energy utilization Aquaculture 128 287 ndash
300
Sargent J R and Tacon A G (1999) Development of farmed fish a
nutritionally alternative to meat Proceedings of the Nutritional
Society 58 377 - 383
Sargent J Bell L McEvoy D Tocher D and Estevez A (1999)
Recent developments in the essential fatty acid nutrition of fish
Aquaculture 177 191 - 199
Schneider B H and Flatt W P (1975) The evaluation of feeds
through digestibility experiments The University of Georgia
Press Athens USA 423 pp
Schulz C Bohm M Wirth M and Rennert B (2007) Effect of dietary
protein on growth feed conversion body composition and survival
of pike perch fingerlings (Sander lucioperca) Aquaculture
Nutrition 13 373 ndash 380
Sener E Yildiz M and Savas E (2006) Effect of Vegetable Protein
and Oil Supplementation on Growth Performance and Body
Composition of Russian Sturgeon Juveniles (Acipenser
gueldenstaedtii Brandt 1833) at Low Temperatures Turkish
Journal of Ffisheries and Aquatic Sciences 6 23 ndash 27
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
composition and nitrogen- and phosphorus balance in rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36
(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
clarkii) fed on Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia stagnina and
Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
154
Sevgili H Emre Y Kanyilmaz M Diler I and Hossu B (2006)
Effects of mixed feeding schedules on growth performance body
composition and nitrogen- and phosphorus balance in rainbow
trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 36
(1) 49 ndash 55
Sharshar K M and Haroon A M (2009) Comparative investigations
on some biological aspects in freshwater Crayfish (Procambarus
clarkii) fed on Eichhornia crassipes Eichhornia stagnina and
Polygonum tomentosum L American ndash Eurasian Journal of
Agriculture amp Environmental Science 5 (4) 579 ndash 589
Shearer K D (1994) Factors affecting the proximate composition of
cultured fishes with emphasis on salmonids Aquaculture 119 63
- 88
Sheridan M A and Mommsen T P (1991) Effects of nutritional state
on in vivo lipid and carbohydrate metabolismof coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch General and Comparative Endocrinology
81 473 - 483
Shiau S Kwok C Hwang J Chen C and Lee S (1989)
Replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal in male tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) fingerling diets at
asuboptimal protein level Journal of the World Aquaculture
Society 20 230 ndash 235
Shiau S Y (1997) Utilization of carbohydrates in warmwater fish-with
particular reference to tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and O
aureus Aquaculture 151 79 - 96
Shiau S Y Chuang J L and Sun C L (1987) Inclusion of soybean
meal in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus times O aureus) diets at two
protein levels Aquaculture 65 251 - 261
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
155
Shiau S Y Pan B S Chen S Yu H L and Sin S L (1988)
Successful use of soybean meal with a methionine supplement to
replace fish meal in diets fed to milk fish Chanos chanos Journal
of World Aquaculture Society 19 14 - 19
Shimeno S Masunoto T Tujita T Mima L and Uenos S (1993)
Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young
yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 59137 - 143
Shimeno S Takafumi S Hidetsuyo H Masumoto T and Kheyyali
D (1997) Metabolic response to feeding rates in common carp
Cyprinus carpio Aquaculture 151 371 ndash 377
Shpigel M Ragg N L Lupatsch I and Neori A (1999) Protein
content determines the nutritional value of the seaweed Ulva
lactuca L for the abalone Haliotis tuberculata L and H discuss
hannai INO Journal of Shellfish Research 18 227 - 233
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2001) Preliminary nutritional
evaluation of Mucuna seed meal (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) in
common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) an assessment by growth
performance and feed utilization Aquaculture 196 105 ndash 123
Siddhuraju P and Becker K (2003) Comparative nutritional
evaluation of differentially processed mucuna seeds (Mucuna
pruriens L) DC var utilis (Wall ex Wight) Baker ex Burck on
growth performance feed utilization and body composition in Nile
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) Aquaculture 34 487 - 500
Singh B N (1992) Digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs
and pelleted diets in mrigal Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham) and grass
carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val) In Aquaculture Research
Needs for 2000 AD (Wang J K and Dehadrai P V eds) Oxford
and IBH Publishing Co Pvt Ltd New Delhi pp 135ndash 142
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
156
Sinha V R P (1979) On the contribution of Supplementary feeding in
increasing fish production through Composite Fish Culture in
India Proceeding of World Symposium on Fin Fish Nutrition and
Fish Feed Technology Hamburg West Germany Vol II
Sivaram V Mabu M M Immanuel G Murugadass S Citarasu T
and Marian M P (2004) Growth and immune response of
juvenile greasy groupers (Epinephelus tauvina) fed with herbal
antibacterial active principle supplemented diets against Vibrio
harveyi infections Aquaculture 237 (1 - 4) 9 ndash 20
Sklan D Prag T and Lupatsch I (2004) Apparent digestibility
coefficients of feed ingredients and their prediction in diets for
tilapia Oreochromis niloticus times Oreochromis aureus (Telepstei
Cichlidae) Aquaculture Research 35 358 ndash 364
Smith L S (1980) Digestion in teleost fishes Lectures presented at the
FAOUNDP training course in fish feeding technology
ACDPREP8011 pp 3ndash17
Soivio A Niemisto M and Backstrom M (1989) Fatty acid
composition of Coregonus muksun Pallas changes during
incubation hatching feeding and starvation Aquaculture 79
163 - 168
Soltan M A Hanafy M A and Wafa M I A (2008) Effect of
replacing fish meal by a mixture of different plant protein sources
in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L) diets Global
Veterinaria 2 (4) 157 - 164
Spannhof L and Plantikow H (1983) Studies on carbohydrate
digestion in rainbow trout Aquaculture 30 95 ndash 108
Spyridakis P Metallier R Gabaudan J and Riaza A (1989) Studies
on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
157
labrax) I Methodological aspects concerning faeces collection
Aquaculture 77 61 ndash 70
Srikanth G K Nandeesha M C Keshavanath P Varghese T J
Shetty H P C and Basavaraj N (1989) On the applicability of
mixed feeding schedule for common carp Cyprinus carpio var
communis In Huisman E A Zonneveld N Boumans A H M
(eds) Aquaculture in Asia Pudoc Wageningen the Netherlands
pp 254 - 261
Stavros C Angela G E and Pascal D (2006) Fishmeal replacement
by alfalfa protein concentrates in sharp snout sea bream
Diplodus puntazzo Fish Sci 72 1313 ndash 1315
Stickney R R (1991) Catfish culture World Aquaculture 22 44 - 54
Storebakken T Shearer K D and Roem A J (2000) Growth uptake
and retention of nitrogen and phosphorus and absorption of other
minerals in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar fed diets with fish meal
and soy-protein concentrate as the main sources of protein
Aquaculture Nutrition 6 103 - 108
Suarez P K and Mommsen T P (1987) Gluconeogenesis in teleost
fishes Canadian Journal of Zoology 65 1869 - 1882
Suarez M D Hidalgo M C Garciacutea Galego M Sanz A and De la
Higuera M (1995) Influence of the relative proportions of the
energy yelding nutrients on the liver intermediary metabolism of
the European ell Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology
111A (3) 421 - 428
Sunde J Taranger G L and Rungruangsak T K (2001) Digestive
protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as
indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
158
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 25 335 ndash 345
Svihus B Herstad O Newman C W and Newman R K (1997)
Comparison of performance and intestinal characteristics of
broiler chickens fed diets containing whole rolled or ground
barley British Journal of Poultry Science 38 524 - 529
Swamy D N and Mohanty S N (1990) Response of rohu (Labeo
rohita Ham) fingerlings to diets of different protein contents
Journal of Zoological Research 3 121 - 126
Tacon A G J Webster J L and Martinez C A (1984) Use of solvent
extracted sunflower seed meal in complete diets for fingerling
rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) Aquaculture 43
381 - 389
Tacon A G J (1993) Feed Ingredients for Warmwater Fish Fish Meal
and Other Processed Feedstuffs FAO Fish Circ No 856 FAO
Rome Italy
Tacon A G J (1997) Fish meal replacers review of antinutrients
within oilseeds and pulses - a limiting factor for the aquafeed
green revolution In Tacon A Basurco B (eds) Feeding
tomorrowrsquos fish Vol 22 Cahiers Options Meacutediterraneacuteennes
Institute Agronomique Meacutediterraneacuteen de Zaragoza Spain pp
153 ndash 182
Takeuchi T Yokoyama M Watanabe T and Ogino C (1978)
Optimum ratio of dietary energy to protein for rainbow trout
Bulletin of Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 44 729 ndash 732
Tengjaroenkul B Smith B J Caceci T and Smith S A (2000)
Distribuition of intestinal enzyme activities along the intestinal
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
159
tract of cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L
Aquaculture 182 317 - 327
Thiessen D L Campbell G L and Adelizi P D (2003) Digestibility
and growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
fed with pea and canola products Aquaculture Nutrition 9 67 -
75
Tibaldi E Tulli F and Freire R D (1998) Alternative protein sources
in diets for juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Biol Mar
Medit 5 2034 - 2043
Tibbetts S M Lall S P and Milley J E (2005) Effects of dietary
protein and lipid levels and DPDE-1 ratio on growth feed
utilization and leptosomatic index of juvenile haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus L Aquaculture Nutrition 11 67 ndash 75
Tomas A Gandara F D L Garcia-Gomez A Perez L and Jover M
(2005) Utilization of soybean meal as an alternate protein source
in the Mediterranean yellow tail Seriola dumerili Aquaculture
Nutrition 11 333 - 340
Twining S S Alexander P A Huibregste K and Glick D M (1983)
A pepsinogen from rainbow trout Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology 75 B 109 ndash 112
Ulloa Rojas J B and Verreth J A J (2003) Growth of Oreochromis
aureus fed with diets containing graded levels of coffee pulp and
reared in two culture systems Aquaculture 217 275 - 283
Van Dyke J M and Sulton D L (1977) Digestion of duckweed (Lemna
sp) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyndodon idella) Journal of Fish
Biology 11 273 - 278
Van Weerd J H (1995) Nutrition and growth in Clarias species - a
review Aquatic Living Resource 8 395 - 400
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
160
Venkatesh B and Shetty H P C (1978) Studies on the growth rate of
grass carp Ctenopharyagodon idella (Val) fed on two aquatic
weeds and a terrestrial grass Aquaculture 13 45 - 53
Vhanalakar S A Kale M D Waghmode S S and Muley D V
(2008) Partial Replacement of fishmeal by locally available plant
proteins for the Indian major carp Cirrhina mrigala Journal of
AquaticBiology 23 (2) 209 - 212
Vieira M P Gomez-Pinchetti J L Courtois deViscose G Bilbao A
Suarez R J Haroun R J and Izquierdo M S (2005)
Suitability of three red macroalgae as feed for the abalone
Haliotis tuberculata coccinea Reeve Aquaculture 248 75 ndash 82
Viola S Mokady S Rappaport V and Ariell Y (1982) Partial and
complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in feeds for
intensive culture of carp Aquaculture 26 223 - 236
Viola S and Zohar G (1984) Nutrition studies with market size
hybrids of tilapia Oreochromis in intensive culture Bamidgeh 36
3 - 15
Viyakarn V Watanabe T Aoki H Tsuda H Sakamoto H
Okamoto N Iso N Satoh S and Takeuchi T (1992) Use of
soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal in a newly developed
soft-dry pellet for yellowtail Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 58 1991 ndash
2000
Von Der Decken A and Lied E (1992) Dietary protein levels affect
growth and protein metabolism in trunk muscle of cod Gadus
morhua Jounal of Comparative Physiology 162 351 ndash 357
Walton M J (1986) Metabolic eects of feeding a high proteinlow
carbohydrate diet as compared to a low proteinhigh carbohydrate
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
161
diet to rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Fish Physiology and
Biochemistry 1 7 - 15
Wang Y Guo J Bureau D P and Cui Z (2006) Effects of dietary
protein and energy levels on growth feed utilization and body
composition of cuneate drum Nibea miichthioides Aquaculture
252 421 ndash 428
Watanabe T (2002) Strategies for further development of aquatic
feeds Fisheries Science 68 242 - 252
Webster C D Tidwell J H Tiu L S and Yancey D H (1995) Use
of soybean meal as partial or total substitute of fish meal in diets
for blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) Aquatic Living Resources 8
379 - 384
Webster C D Tiu L G and Morgan A M (1999) Effect of partial or
total replacement of fish meal on growth and body composition of
sunshine bass Morone chrysops x M saxatilis Journal of World
Aquaculture Society 30 443 - 453
Webster C D Tidwell J H Goodgame L S Yancey D H and
Mackey L (1992) Use of soybean meal and distillers grains with
solubles as partial or total replacement of fish meal in diets for
channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Aquaculture 106 301 - 309
Webster C D Thompson K R Morgan A M Grisby E J and
Gannam AL (2000) Use of hempseed meal poultry byproduct
meal and canola meal in practical diets without fish meal for
sunshine bass (Morone chrysops times M saxatilis) Aquaculture 188
299 - 309
Wee K L and Wang S S (1987) Nutritive value of Leucaena leaf
meal in pelleted feed for Nile tilapia Aquaculture 62 97 - 108
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
162
Wee K L (1991) Use of non-conventional feedstuff of plant origin as
fish feeds It is practical and economically feasible In Fish
Nutrition Research in Asia Proceedings of the 4th Asian Fish
Nutrition Research in Asian Fisheries Society Special Publication
(ed by S S De-Silva) Asian Fisheries Society Manila
Philippines pp 13- 32
Wilson R P and Poe W E (1985) Effects of feeding soybean meal with
varying trypsin inhibitor activities on growth of fingerling
channel catfish Aquaculture 46 19 ndash 25
Wilson R P (1989) Amino acids and proteins In Fish Nutrition
(Halver JE ed) Academic Press San Diego CA pp 111ndash151
Wu J and Jan L (1977) Comparison of the nutritive value of dietary
proteins in Tilapia aurea Journal of Fisheries Society 5 56 - 60
Wu X Y Liu Y J Tian L X Mai K S Yang H J and Liang G Y
(2007) Effects of raw corn starch levels on growth feed
utilization plasma chemical indices and enzyme activities in
juvenile yellowfin seabream Sparus latus Houttuyn Aquaculture
Research 38 1330 ndash 1338
Xie S and Jokumsen A (1997) Replacement of fish meal by potato
protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) growth feed utilization and body composition
Aquaculture Nutrition 3 65 - 69
Yadava Y S (2003) Fiscal reforms for fisheries in India a case study
Proceeding of workshop (Food and Agriculture Organization) on
Fiscal Reforms to promote growth poverty eradication and
sustainable management Rome 13 ndash 15
Yang S D Liou C H and Liu F G (2002) Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance carcass composition and ammonia
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
Aquaculture Research 34 661 ndash 666
Yousif M O Alhadhrami A G and Pessarakli M (1994) Evaluation
of dehydrated alfalfa and salt bush (Atriplex) leaves in diets for
tilapia (Oreochromis aureus L) Aquaculture 126 341 - 347
Yurowski M Bailey J K Evans R E Tabachek J A L and Eals J
(1978) Acceptability of rapeseed proteins in diets of rainbow trout
(Salmo gaidneri) Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada
35 951-962
Zhao M Xie S Zhu X Yang Y Gan L and Song L (2006) Effect
of inclusion of blue-green algae meal on growth and accumulation
of microcystins in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) Journal
of Applied Ichthyology 22 72 - 78
163
excretion in juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus)
Aquaculture 213 363 ndash 372
Yang S D Lin T S Liou C H and Peng H K (2003) Influence of
dietary protein levels on growth performance carcass composition
and liver lipid classes of juvenile Spinibarbus hollandi (Oshima)
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