bibliography - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 ·...

39

Upload: others

Post on 22-Jul-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory
Page 2: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Judith. R. Bale. Creation of a Research Programme to Determine the Etiology

and Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory tract infections among children in

developing countries. Rev. Infect Dis 1990; 12(S): 861 -866.

2. Anonymous: Proceedings of the Workshop and Summary Recommendations

on Acute Respiratory Infections; Epidemiology and Control. Directorate

General of Health Services. New Delhi 1988 P:IX

3. Stephen Berman: Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory lnfections in children of

developing countries. Rev of Infect Dis 1991; 13 (S6): 454-462.

4. Pio. A. Leowski, J.Ten Dam HG. Magnitude of the Problem of acute

respiratory infection in: Douglas R.M. Kerby Eaton E Eds. Acute Respiratory

lnfections in children. Adelaide: University of Adelaide 1985; 3-1 6.

5. Bulla A. Hitze KL. Acute Respiratory lnfections: a review. Bull WHO 1978;

56: 481-498.

6. Leowski J: Mortatity from aetue respiratory infection in children under 5 years

of age : Global Estimates. World Health Stat 1986; 39: 138-144.

7. B.J. Selwyn on behalf of the co-ordinated data group on BOSTID.

Researchers: Epidemiology of Acute Respiratory lnfections in young children:

Comparison of findings from several developing countries. Rev.lnfect Dis

1 990; 12(8): S870-S887.

Page 3: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Registrar General of india. New Delhi. Survey of infant and child mortality.

1987.

Pocket Book of Health Statistics in India.' General Bureau of Health

Intelligence. Directorate of Health Services. Ministry of Health and Family

Welfare. Government of India. New Delhi 1980: 24

Kumar V. Epidemiologic methods in acute respiratory infections in children.

Indian J. Paediatr 1987; 54 : 205-21 1.

Datta-Banik. ND, Krishna R, Mane SIS, Raj L. A longitudinal study of

morbidity and mortality pattern of children under the age of 5 years in an

urban community. lndian J Med.Res 1969; 57: 948-957.

Gupta K.B., Brown K.H, Becker S, and Yunus M. Longitudinal studies of

Infection diseases and physical growth of children in rural Bangladesh. Am J

Epidemiol 1982; 1 15: 305-31 4.

Stansfield SK. Acute Respiratory infections in the developing world:

Strategies for prevention treatment and control. Paediatr Infect Dis J 1987:

12 : 622-629.

Manmohan, Bhargava SK: Acute Respiratory Infections. lndian Paedtr. 1984;

21: 1-3.

Patwari A.K, Aneja S. Mandal RN., Mullick DN. Acute Respiratory infections in

children: A hospital-based report. Indian Paediatr. 1988; 25: 61 3-61 7.

Page 4: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Kumar V. Country review in ARI. Scientific working group on ART. New Delhi

1983.

Kamat K.R, Feldman R.A, Sunder Rao PSS, Webb JKM. Infection and

diseases in a group of South Indian families l i . General morbidity pattern.

J. Epidermiol 1969; 89: 375-383.

Kumar V. Kumar L: Acute respiratory infections in India - A review wth special

reference to Chandigarh experience, scientific working group meeting on

acute respiratory infections, New Delhi, SEAlART meet, 1983; 2%: 36.

Gulati P.V. Thesis submitted to the faculty of AIIMS, University of Delhi, for

MD degree in Preventive and Social medicine, 1965.

Shabong. Y. Acute lower respiratory tract disorders in children between 0-5

years of age. Dissertation submitted for M.D. Paediatrics to Pondicherry

University 1990.

Narain J.P: Epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children. Indian J.

Paediatr. 1987: 54: 153-160.

Murthy V.P. A Clinical and 'investigative study of acute lower respiratory

disorders in admitted children between 5 and 13 years. Dissertation

submitted to Pondicherry University for M.D. Paediatrics Medicine 1990.

Farida H, Mahbbur R, Najma N, Ashraful A, Mahammdul H, David AS,

Thomas B and Rukhsana H. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12(8) : 982-987.

Page 5: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Shann F, Gratten M, Germer S: Linnemann V, Hazelette D, Payene R:

Aetiology of Pneumonia in children in Goroka Hospital, Papna New Guinea.

Lancet 1984: 2: 537-541.

Glezen W.P, Denny F.W. Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory diseases in

children. N. Engl. J. Med. 1973. 288: 498-505.

Walia BNS, Gambhir SK, Singh S, Sroa S.R: Socio-economic and ecologic

correlates of acute respiratory infections in pre-school children. Indian

Paediatr. 1988: 25: 607-61 2.

Datta. N, Kumar V, Kumar L, Singhi S, Application of case management to

control of acute respiratory infections in low birth weight infants. A feasibility

study. Bull WHO 1987: 65: 77-82.

Lehman. D, Howard P, Heywood P. Nutrition and morbidity: Acute lower

respiratory infections, diarrhoea and malaria. Papua New Guinea. Med. J.

1988; 31 : 109-60.

Aaby P, Bukh J, Lisse IM, Smits AJ, Severe measles in Sunderiand. A

Europen-African comparison of causes of severe infection. Int J Epidermiol

1986; 15: 101 -7.

Wilson D.O. Rogers RM, Hoffman RM: Nutrition and chronic lung diseases.

Am Rev Resp Dis 1985; 132: 1347-65.

James J.W, Longitudinal study of morbidity of diarrhoea1 and respiratory

infections in malnourished children. Am. J. Clin Nutr 1972; 25: 690-694.

Page 6: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Berman S, h e n a s A, Bedoya A, Constain V, Leon S, Borrero I, Murphy J.

Acute lower respiratory tract illness in Cali. Colombia: a two year ambulatory

study. Paediatrics 1983; 71 : 21 0-21 8.

Tupasi TE, Manugbat NV, Sunico MES, Magdangal DM, Navaro EE, Leonar

ZA, Lupisan S et al. Malnutrition and acute respiratory tract infection in

Filipino chiidren . Rev lnfect Dis 1990; 12(S8): S1047-S1054.

Barclay AJG, Foster A, Sommer A. Vitamin A supplement and mortality

related to measles: A randomised clinical trial. BMJ 1987; 294: 294-296.

Chandra R.K. Prospective studies of the effect of breast feeding on incidence

of infection and allergy. Acta. Paediatr. Scand. 1979; 68: 691 -694.

Walkins CJ, Leeder SR, Corkhill RT: The relationship between breast and

bottle feeding and respiratory illness in the first year of life. J Epidemiol

Community Health 1979; 33: 180-2.

Koming AW. Rural energy utilization and health of children. Document

TRIIARIlTAG 11/85. 26 Geneva World Health Organ. 1985.

Sharma RS: Risk factors for Acute ~ e s ~ i r a t o r y infections: ARI Epidemiology &

Control. DGHS 1988(3): 12-1 4.

Fainstein V, Musher DM, Bacterial adherence to pharyngeal cells in smokers,

non smokers and chronic bronchitics. Infect lmmun 1979; 26: 178-1 82.

Page 7: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Pedreira FA, Gnanodo VL, Feroli EJ? Mella GW, Weiss IP. involuntary

smoking and incidence of respiratory illness during first year of life.

Paediatrics 1985: 75: 595-597.

Fergusson DM, Hotwood LJ, Shannon FT, Parental smoking and respiratory

illness in infancy. Arch. Dis. Child 1980; 55: 358-361.

Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi

TE. Lower respiratory tract infection in Fillipino children. Rev.lnfect Dis 1990;

161: 175-9.

Kalra SK, Shashidharan T, Vatwarin V and Lung puncture, a diagnostic aid in

childhood pneumonia. lndian Paediatr 1981 ; 18: 727-730.

Hughes JR, Sinha DP, Cooper MR, Shah KV, Bose SK. Lung tap in

childhood bacteria, viruses and mycoplasmas in acute lower respiratory tract

infections in children. Paediatrics 1969; 3: 201 -21 1.

Kumar L. Ayyagiri A. The aetiology of lobar pneumonia and empyema

thoracis in children. lndian Paediatr. 1984; 21: 133-138.

Basu R.N. Measles vaccine: feasibility, efficacy and complication rates in a

multicentric study. lndian J. Paediatr. 1984; 57: 139-143.

Narain J.P, Banerjee KB. Measles in India. Epidemiology and control.

lndian J. Paediatr 1989; 56: 463-472.

Ghosh S. Bhatt PS. Complications of measles. lnidan J Child Hlth 1987; 10:

111-119.

Page 8: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

49. Hezlett DTG, Belt TM, Tukei PM, Ademba GR, Ochieng WO, Magna JM,

Gathara GW etal. Viral aetiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory tract

infection in children in Nairobi, Kenya Am J Trop Med Hyg 1988; 39: 632-640.

50. Escobar J-A, Dover AS, Duenas A, Leal E, Medua P, Arguello A. et at,

Etiology of acute respiratory tract infections in children in Cali, Colombia.

Paediatrics 1976; 57: 123-1 30.

51. Adhikari N, Acute respiratory tract infection in Nepal and problems faced in

their management. In Douglas RM, Eds. Acute respiratory infections in

childhood. Adelaide Australia: University of Adelaide: 1985; 136-1 37.

52. Laurie. E. Markowitz and Neiburg P. Burden of ARI due to measles in

developing countries and the potential impact of measles vaccine. Rev. Infect

Dis 1991; -f3(S): 555-561.

53. Peter F. Wright: Pertussis in developing countries. Definition of the problem

and prospects for control. Rev infect. Dis 1991 ; 13(S6): 5528-534.

54. Morltey DC, Martin WJ, Woodland M. Whooping cough in Nigerian children.

Trop Geogr Med. 1966; 18: 169-82.

55. Nichol K.P, Cherry Jd. Bacterial-Viral interrelations in respiratory infections of

children. N EngI J Med 1967; 277: 667-672.

56. Abrarnson JS, Mills EL. Depression of Neutrophil function induced by viruses

and its role in secondary microbial infections. Rev. Infect. Dis 1988; 10: 326-

341.

Page 9: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

57. Carson JL. Collier AM. Hu SS. Acquired ciliary defects in nasal epithelium of

children with acute viral upper respiratory tract infections. N Engl J Med

1 985; 31 2: 463-468.

58. Mills E.L. Viral infections predispose to bacterial infections. Ann Rev Med

1 984; 35: 469.

59. Gwatney J.M. Jr, Sande MA, Austrian R, Hendiey JO. Spread of

Streptococcus pneurnoniae in families II. Relation of transfer of S.

pneumoniae to incidence of colds and serum antibody. J lnfect Dis 1975;

132: 62-68.

60. Ghafoor A, Nomani NK, lshaq Z, Zaidi SZ, Anwar F, Burney MI, Qureshi A.W,

Ahmed SA. Diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in

Rewalpindi & Islamabad. Pakistan. Rev lnfect Dis 1990; 12(8): S907-914.

61. Forgie IM, O'Neil K.P., Lloyd-Evans N, Leinonen N, Campbell H, Whittle HC,

Green wood BM. Etiology of acute lower respiratory infections in Gambian

children II. Acute lower respiratory tract infection in children aged one to nine

years presenting at the hospital. Paed lnfect Dis J 1991 ; 10: 42-47.

62. Urnapathy BL. Rapid diagnosis of viral agents by indirect immunofluorescent

antibody techniques in acute respiratory infections. Indian Paediatr 1986; 23:

685-688.

63. John TJ, Cherian T, Steinnoff MC, Eric AF. Simose, John M. Etiology of

Acute Respiratory Infection in children in Tropical Southern India. Rev

Infect. Dis 1991 ; 6: S463-469.

Page 10: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Feldman WE. Pharyngitis in children. Postgrad Med 1993; 93: 141 -1 45.

Vukmir RB. Adult and paediatric pharyngitis: a review. J Emerg Med 1992;

10: 607-61 6.

Kaplan EL, The group A streptococcal upper respiratory tract carrier state: an

enigma. J Pediatr 1980; 97: 337-345.

Mc Milan JA, Sandstrom C, Weiner LB. Viral and bacterial organisms

associated with acute pharyngitis in a school aged popuhtion. J Pediatr

1986: 109: 747-752.

Koshi G; Brahmadattan KN, Pandian R: Joseph A. Modified filter paper

strip technique for transportation and rapid isolation of streptococci from

throat swabs. Indian J Med Res 1988; 88: 336-338.

Sarkar S: Biswas R, Gaur SD, Sen PC, Reddy DC. A study oin sore throat

and beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis among rural school children in

Varanasi, with reference to age and season. Fam Pract 1988; 3: 200-208.

Gerber MA, Randolf MF, Martin NJ, Rizkaltah MF Cleary PP, Kaplan EL,

Ayoub EM: Community wide outbreak of Group G streptococcal pharyngitis.

Paediatrics 1991 ; 87(5): 598-603.

Cimolai N, Elford R.W, Bryan L: Do the beta haemolytic non-group A

streptococci cause pharyngitis. Rev Infect Dis 1988; 10: 587.

Page 11: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Mc Ciosky R.V. Corynae bacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria) in G.L. Mandell,

R.G. Douglas. & J.E. Bennett (ed) Principles and Practice of Infectious

diseases 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc New York. 1171 -1 174.

Lipsky B.A., Goldberger A.C, L.S. Tomkins, J.J. Plorde. lnfectious caused by

nondiphtheria corynaebacteria. Rev Infect Dis 1982: (4): 1220-1 235.

Barren EJ, Peterson LR, FineGold SM (Ed). Microorganisms encountered in

respiratorytract. Baily and Scotts. Diagnostic Microbiology. Chapter 17: 9th

Edition, Mosby. page 21 9-233.

Wall R.A, Corrah PT, Mabercy DCW, Greenwood BM, Etiology of lobar

pneumonia in Gambia. Bull WHO 1986; 64: 553-558.

Abdel-Khalik AK, Askar AM, Ali M. The causative organisms of

bronchopneumonia in infants in Egypt. Arch Dis Child 1983; 13 : 333-342.

Shann F. Etiology of severe pneumonia in children in developing countries.

Pediatr Infect Dis J 1986; 5: 247-252.

Bijlmer HA, Alphen LV, Vanden Brock LG, Greenwood BM, Valkenburg HA.

Molecular epidemiology of Haemophilus infiuenzae type b in the Gambia.

Danker? J. J Clin Microbiol 1992; 30(2): 386-390.

Slak MPE. lnvasive Haernophilus influenzae disease: the impact of H, b

immunisation. J Med Microbiol 1995; 42: 75-77.

Page 12: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

80. Bajaj S, Chowdhury JR, Vaishnav S. An evaluation of techniques employed

in the bacteriological diagnosis of pneumonia. Indian Pediatr 1984; 21: 64-

71.

81. Harris JS. Antimicrobial therapy of pneumonia in infants and children:

Seminars in Respiratory Infections 1996; 11 (3): 139-1 47.

82. Joshi SM, Pai PM, Kalke SR. Staphylococcal empyema. lndian Pediatr 1985;

22: 501 -505.

83. Padmini R, Srinivasan S, Puri RK, Nalini P. Empyema in infancy and

childhood. Indian Pediatr 1990; 27: 447-452.

84. Boyer KM, Cheny JD. Nonbacterial pneumonia, In: Feigin RD, Cheny JD

(eds). Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Disease. Philadelphia, PA, WB

Saunders, 1992; pp 254-265.

85. Narain JP, Banerjee KB. Acute respiratory infections in India: Public Health

Significance and Epidemiology, Directorate General of Health Services 1988;

1: 3-8.

86. Grayston JT. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) infections in children4 Pediatr

Infect Dis 1994; 13: 675-685.

87. Saikku P, Ruutu P, Leinonen M, Paneline J, Tupasi TE, Grayston JT. Acute

lower respiratory tract infection associated with Chlamydias TWAR antibody

in Filipino children. J Infect Dis 7 988; 158: 1095-1 097.

Page 13: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

88. Montes M, Cilia 6, Alcorta M, Perez-Trallero E. High prevalence of

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in children and young adults in Spain.

Paediatr lnfect Dis J 1992; 11: 972-973.

89. Mohapatra SS, Gupta U, Vaishnava S, Chetty A. Studies on Mycoplas~na

pneumoniae infections in infants and children in India: Proceedirigs of the All

India Symposium on Mycoplasma diseases, 1982: 23-28.

90. Wood GM, Johnson BC, McCormack JG. Moraxella catarrhalis: Pathogenic

significance in respiratory tract infections treated by community practitioners.

Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22: 632-636.

91. Ejlersten T, Thisted E, Ebbsen F, Olesen B, Renneberg J: Branhamella

catarrhalis in children and adults. A study of prevalence time of colonization

and association with upper and lower respiratory tract infections. J. Infect.

1994; 29: 23-31.

92. Richard B Johnston Jr. Pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia Rev.lnfect

Dis 1991; 13(6): S509 -S517.

93. Austrian R. Epidermiology of pneumococcal capsulae types causing pediatric

infections. Pediatric infect. Dis. J 1989; (8) : S21-S22.

94. Anderson B, Dahmen J, Frejd T, Leffler H, Magnusson J, Noorie G, Eden CS.

Identification of an active disaccharide mint of a glycoconjugate receptor for

pneumococci attaching to human pharyngeal epithelial cells: J. Exp. Med

1983; (1 58): 559-579.

Page 14: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

95. Boulnais GJ: Penumococcus proteins and the pathogenesis of disease

caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Gen. Microbial 1992; (138) : '249-

259

96. Musher DM. Infections caused by streptococcus pneumoniae: Clinical

spectrum, pathogenesis, immunity, and treatment. Clin lnfect Dis 1992; (14):

801 -809.

97. Plotkowski M.C. Pluchelle E, Beck G, Jaquot J, Hannoun C. Adherence of

type 1 streptococcus pneumoniae to tracheal epithelial cells of mice infected

with influenza NPRS virus 1986. Am Rev. Respir. Dis (134): 1040-1044.

98. Kim PE, Musher DM, Glezen WP, Rodriguer-Barradas MC, Nahm WK,

Wright CE. Association of lnvasive pneumococcal disease with season

atmospheric pollution and Isolation of respiratory viruses. Clin infect Dis

1996 ; (22): 100-1 06.

99. Cottagnoud P, Tomasz A. Triggering of pneumococcal autolysis by

lyzozyme: J. Infect Dis 1993; (1 67): 684-690.

100. Bruyn G.A.W, Zegers BJM, Van Furth R: Mechanisms of host defence

against infection with S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C O C C U S pneumococciae: Clin. 1nf6ct. Dis 1992;

101. Alonso de Valasco E, Verheul AFM, Verhoef J, Snippe H. Streptococcus

pneumonia Virulence factors, Pathogenesis and Vaccines Microbial. Rev.

1 995; (59)4: 591 -605.

Page 15: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

102. Moxon ER, Wilson R: The Role of Haemophilus influenzae in the

pathogenesis of pneumonia. Rev. Infect. Dis 1991 ; (1 3): S518-S527.

103. Moxon E.R, Vaughn K.A. The type is capsular polysaccharide as a virulence

determount of H. influenzae studies using clinical isolates and laboratory

transformation. J. Infect. Dis. 1981 ; (143): 51 7-525.

104. Toews GB, Viroslav S. Hart DA; Hansen EJ. Pulmonary clearance of

capsulated and unencapsulated strains of Haemophilus influen. Infect.

Immun. 1984; 46: 437-442.

105. Sable NS, Connor EM. Hall CB, Loeb MR. Variable adherence of H-influenzae

type is to human cells lnfect lmmun 1984; 46: 787-796.

106. Farley MM, Stephens DS, Mulks MH, Cooper MD, Bricker JV, Mirra SS,

Wright A. Pathogenesis of IgAl protease producing and non producing

Haemophilus influenzae in human naso-pharyngeal organ culture. J. lnfect

Dis 1986; (1 54): 752-759.

107. Bricker JV, Mulks M, Moxon ER, Plant G. Wright A. Physical and genetic

analysis of DNA regions encoding the immunoglobulin A proteases of

different specificities produced by H.influenza Infect lmmun 1985; (47): 370-

374.

108. Sheinmann BD, Devalia JL, Davies RJ, Gook SJ, Tabaqchali S. Synthesis of

histamine by Haernophilus influenzae. BMJ 1986; (292): 857-858.

Page 16: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

109. Johnson A.P, lnzana TJ. Loss of ciliary activity in organ cultures trachea

treated with lipo-oligosaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. J. Med. Microbial

1986; (22): 265-268.

110. Takala AK, Meurman 0, Kleemoia M, Kela E, Ronnberg P, Eskoia J,

Makela H. Preceding respiratory infection predisposing for primary and

secondary invasive H. influenzae type b disease: Pediatr. Infec. Dis J.

1993(12); 189-1 95.

11 1. Washington JA. Non invasive diagnostic techniques for lower respiratory

infections in Pennington J.E (ed): Respiratory lnfections Diagnosis and

Management. New York. NY. Raven 1994: 55-71.

112. Armando GC. Diagnostic approach to pneumonia in children. Seminars in

Respiratory lnfections 1996; Vol 11 (3); 131 -1 38,

113. Parkinson JA, Rabiego ME, Sepulveda C, Davidson M, Johnson C:

Quantitation of Pneumococcal C polysaccharide in sputum sample from

patients with presumptive pneurnococcal penumonia by enzyme

immunoessay. J. Clin Microbial 1992; (30): 31 8-322.

114. Weissenbacher M, Carballal G, Avlla M, Salomon H et al. Etiologic and

Clinical Evaluation of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young

Argentinian children. An over view. Rev. Infect Dis 12(8): S889-S898.

115. Mason S, Jacobs RF. Guidelines for evaluating children with ALRI. J. Resp

Dis. 1994; 15: 453-466.

Page 17: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

116. Chattrand SA, Mc Cracken GH. Staphylococcal pneumonia in infants

Paediatr. lnfect Dis. J. 1982; (1): 19-23.

117. Kalra SK, Shashidran. V, Vidyani, and Sarkar P. Lung puncture: Diagnostic

aid in childhood pneumonia . Indian Pediatr. 1981 ; (18): 727-730.

118. Palmer DL, Davidson M, Lusk R. Needle aspiration of the lung in complex

pneumonias. Chest 1980; (78): 16-21.

119. Gururanjan S, Lawson RA, Jones PH et al. Evaluation of the usefulness of

open lung biopsis. Pediatr..Hematol Oncol 1992; (9): 107-1 13.

120. Winthrop AL, Waddell T, Superina RA. Diagnosis of penumonia in the

immunocompromised child: Use of bronchoalveolar lavage. J. Pediatr. Surg

1990; (25): 878-880.

121. Whitby M, Kristinsson KG, Brown M. Assesment of rapid method of

pneumococcal antigen detection in routine sputum bacteriolagy. 1985. J. Clin

Pathol (38): 341 -344.

122. Perino CA. Laboratory diagnosis of penumonia due to streptococcus

pneumonia. J. lnfect Dis. '1 984; 150(1): 139-144.

123. Funkhouser A, Steinhoff MC, Ward J. Haemophilus influenzae, Disease and

Immunization in developing countries. Rev lnfect Dis 1991 ; 13: 9342-9544.

124. Anhalt J.P, Heiter BJ, Nanmovitz DW, Borbean PP: Comparison of three

methods for detection of Group A streptococci in throat swabs. J. Clin.

Microbial 1992; 30(8); 21 35-21 38.

Page 18: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

125. Hortal M, Mogdasy C, Russi JC, Deleon C, Suarez A. Microbial agents

associated with pneumonia in children from Uruguay. Rev. Infect Dis 1990;

12(8): S915-S924.

726. Vasudevan G, Kanungo R, Ramesh I, Nalini P, Srinivasan S. Bactericidal

activity to detect prior antibiotic therapy in children with ALRI. Sourth East

Asian J. Trop. Med. and Epidermiology 1995; 26(4): 639-647.

127. Catalano M, Almiron MA, Romeo AM et al. Comparison between parental

report and results of microbiologic agar assay for presence of antibiotic in

urine of Argentinian children with acute lower respiratory tract infection. Rev.

lnfect Dis 1990; 12(8) : S998-S1005.

128. Mohandas V, Pareira S.N. Empyemea in children. Indian Pediatr 1986; 23:

846-849.

129. White CB, Lieberman MM, Morales E. An in vitro comparison of eight rapid

streptococcal antigen detection tests. Journal of Pediatr. 1988; 11 3(4): 691-

693.

130. Hoffmann S. Detection of Group A streptococcal antigen from throat swabs

with five diagnostic kits in general practice. Diag Microbiol & Infect Dis 1990;

13: 209-21 5.

131. Drulak M, Raybould TJ, Young J, Hsiung D, Smith H, Winston S. Comparison

of Visuwell enzyme immunoassay to culture for detection of Group A

Streptococcus in throat swab specimens. Diagn Microbiol & Infect Dis 1988;

1 l(4): 181 -1 87.

Page 19: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

232. Chu JM, Chen JM, Wu MH, Hong JY, Hsu HH! Lue HC. Rapid diagnosis of

Streptococcal pharyngitis with enzyme irnmunoassay. Acta Pediatr Scand

1990; 31 (3): 151 -1 57.

133. Beach PS, Balfour LC, Lucia HL. Group A Streptococcal rapid test. Antigen

detection after 18-24 hours of penicillin therapy. Clin Pediatr 1989; 28(1):

6-1 0.

134. Manasse RJ. Evaluation of Pacific biotech cards Strep.A test for detecting

Group A Streptococci from cases of pharyngitis. J Clin Microbioi 1989; 27(7):

1657-1 658.

135. Kaufhold A, Krug E, Luthicken R, Knoop U, Blaker F. Evaluation of a rapid

test for direct antigen detection of Group A Streptococcal antigen in throat

swabs. Study of four commercial systems. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde

1991 ; 139(4): 208-21 3.

136. Gerber MA, Randolph MF, DeMeo KK. Liposome immunoassay for rapid

detection of Group A Streptococci directly from throat swabs. J Clin Microbiol

1990; 29(6): 1463-1 464.

137. Baker DM, Cooper RM, R'hodes C, Weymouth Lq Dalton H. Superiority of

conventional culture technique over rapid detection of Group A Streptococci

by optical immunoassay. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1995; 21 : 61 -64.

138. Cartwight C. Techniques and diagnostic application of in vitro nucleic-acid

amplification. Clin Microbiol Newsiett 1992; 16: 33-40.

Page 20: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

139. Hall GS. Probe technology for clinical microbiology laboratory. Arch Pathol

Lab Med 1992; 1 17: 578-683.

140. Heelan JS, Wilbur S, Depetris G, Letourneau C. Rapid antigen testing for

Group A Streptococcus by DNA probe. Diag Microbiol lnfect Dis 1996; 24:

65-69.

141. Holmberg H, Krook A. Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

with co-agglutination and latex agglutination for rapid diagnosis of

pneumococcal pneumonia by detecting antigen in sputa. Eur J Clin Microbiol

1986; 5(3): 282-286.

142. Whitby M, Kristenson KG, Brown M. Assessment of rapid method of

pneumococcal antigen detection in routine sputum bacteriology. J Clin Path

1985; 38: 341 -344.

143. Parkinson AJ, Rabiego ME, Sepulveda C, Davidson M, Johnson C: Quantita-

tion of C polysaccharide in sputum samples from patients with presumptive

pneumococcal pneumonia by enzyme irnmunoassay. J Clin Microbiol 1992;

30: 31 8-322.

144. Holloway Y, Boersma WG, Kuttschrutter H, Snijder JA. Effect of washing

sputum on detection of pneumococcal capsular antigen. Eur J Clin Microbiol

lnfect Dis 1991 ; 10: 567-569.

145. Boersma WG, Lowenberg A, Holioway Y, Kuttschrutter H, Snijder JA. Role of

antigen detection in pneumococcal carriers: a comparison between cultures

and capsular antigen detection in upper respiratory tract secretions. Scand J

lnfect Dis 1993; 25(1): 51 -56.

Page 21: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

146. Fan-ington M, Rubeinstein D. Antigen detection in pneumococcal pneumonia.

J infect 1991 ; 23: 109-1 16.

147. Cmnrod JD, Drennan DP. Fneumococcal pneumonia capsular

pciysaccharide antigeminia and antibody responses. Ann Intern Med 1976;

8L: 254-260.

148. f\l[ar?in SJ, Hoganson DA, Thomas ET. Detection of Streptococcus

~ ~ a u m o n i a s and H influenzae type b antigen in acute nonbacterimic

prrsumonia. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25(2): 248-250.

149. Lmthe-Eboa S, Brighouse 6, Auckenthaler R, Lew D, et al. Comparison of

i f f ~ ~ u n o l o g r ~ ~ l methods for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in

bidogical fluids. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1987; 6: 28-34.

Pediatrics I 986; 78: 1-9.

150. Aj%lio GW Bolan GA, Hayes PS, Lehmann D, Montgomery J, Feely JC,

Pzdino CA Broomo CV. Commercial latex agglutination tests for detection of

Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens in

pzients with bacterimic pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 1388-1 391.

151. Csrosaletti KM, ~ o ~ h m a n n MC, Dently DW. Comparison of latex

amlutination and counter-immunoelectrophoresis for the detection of

preumococcal antigen in pneumonia patients. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 22: 553-

557.

152. Cmnrod JD, Rytel MW. Latex agglutination in the diagnosis of

pneumococzal infection. J Clin Microbiol 1976; 4: 168-1 74.

Page 22: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

153. Requezo HI, Matsumoto TK, Lotufo JP, dos Santos M, de Oliveira Filho JF,

Ribeiro TM, de Souza MC. Detection of bacterial antigens in acute

pneumonia methods of preparing the urine, serum and pleural fluid samples

for immunodiagnostic assays. Revista Do Hospital Das Clinica; Faculdade

De Medicine Da Universidade de Sao Paulo 1991 ; 46(1): 19-25.

154. Witt CS, Montgomery JM, Pomat W, iehmann 5 , Aipers MP. Detection of

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae antigens in serum

and urine of patients with pneumonia in Papua New Guniea: Comparison of

latex agglutination and counter immunoelectrophoresis. Rev infect Dis 1990;

12(8): 1001 -1 005.

155. O'neill KP, Lloyd Evans N, Campbell H, Forgie IM, Sabally S, Greenwood BM.

Latex agglutination test for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia in children

in developing countries. BMJ 1992 ; 298: 1061 -1 064.

156. Harrison LH, Steinhoff MC, Sridharan G, Castelo A, Khallaf N, Ostroff SM,

Arthur AR. Monovalent latex agglutination reagents for the diagnosis of

nonmeningitic pneumococcal infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996;

24: 1-6.

157. Doskeland SO, Berdjel BP. Bacterial antigen detection on body fluids:

Methods for rapid antigen concentration and reduction of nonspecific

reactions. J Clin Microbiol 1980; 1 1 (4): 380-384.

158. Weinberg GA, Storch GA. Preparation of urine samples for use in

commercial latex agglutination tests for bacterial antigens. J Clin Microbiol

1985; 21 (6): 899-901.

Page 23: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

159. Premanand N, Kanungo R, Rao RS, Srinivasan S. 1mmunodiagnosis of acute

respiratory tract infection. Indian J Med Microbiol 1996; 14(2): 73-75.

160. Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S. Primer-detected enzymatic amplification of

DNA with thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 1988; 239: 487-491.

161. Rudolph KM, Parkinson AJ, Black CM, Mayer LW. Evaluation of polymerase

chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol

1993; 31: 2661-2666.

162. Salo P, Ortqvist A, Leinonen M. Diagnosis of bacteremic pneumococcal

pneumonia by amplification of pneumolysin gene fragment in serum. J Infect

Dis 1995; 171 : 479-482.

163. Paton JC, Lock RA, Hansman DJ. Effect of immunizing with pneumolysin on

survival time of mice challenged with Streptococcus pneumonia. Infect lmmun

1983; 40: 548-552.

164. Boulonis GJ, Paton JC, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW. Structure and function of

pneumolysin, the thiol activated toxin of Streptococcus pneumonia. Molecul

Microbiol 1991 ; 5: 261 1-261 6.

165. Groeneveid K, Van Alphen I , Van Ketel RJ, Gleen Van den Btock. Nonculture

detection of Haemophilus influenzae with monoclonal antibodies specific for

outer membrane lipoprotein Pb. J Clin Microbiot 1989; 27: 2263-2267.

Page 24: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

166. Vanketel RJ, de Wever B, Van Alphen L. Detection of Haemophilus

influenzae in cerebrospinal fluids by polymerase chain reaction by DNA

amplification. J Med Microbiol 1990; 11 : 271 -276.

167. Facklam RR, Washington JA. Streptococcus and reiated catalase-negative

Gram positive cocci. In: Balows A, Hansler WJ, Herman KL (eds.) Manual of

Clinical Microbiology, 5th edn. 1991, p 238.

168 La Scolea LJ, Rosales SV, Ogra PL. Haemophilus influenzae type b infection

in childhood history of bacteremia and antigenemia. lnfect immun 1985; 50:

753-756.

169. Bromberg K, Hammerschiag MR. Rapid diagnosis of pneumonia in children

(Review) Seminar. Resp lnfect 1987; 2: 159-1 65.

170. Jo Baron EJO, Peterson LR, Finegold SM (eds). Streptococci and related

genera. In: Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology. Mosby, 1994; pp 333-

352.

171. Luo Z, Smith DJ, Taubman MA, King WF. Cross sectional analysis of serum

antibody to oral streptococcal antibody in children. J Dent Res 1988; 67:

554-560.

172. Heath Farcia LA, Estevez EG. Evaluation of new latex agglutination test for

detection of Streptococcal antibodies. Diagn Microbiol lnfect Dis 1987; 8:

25-29.

Page 25: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Escobar MR: Haemolytic assays. Complement fixation and antistreptolysin 0.

In: Balow A, Hausler WJ, Herrmann KL, lsenberg HD, Shadomy HJ (eds.)

Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th edn. 1991; pp 76-77.

Gerber MA, Wright LL, Randolph MF. Streptozyme test for antibodies to

Group A Streptococcal antigens. Pediatr Infect Dis 1987; 6: 36-40.

Veasy LG, Tani LY, Hill HR. Persistence of acute rheumatic fever in the

intermountain area of the United States. J Pediatr 1994; 124: 9-16.

Martin DR, Dick KJ. M associated antibodies in patients with rheumatic fever.

J Med Microbiol 1984; 17: 189-1 99.

Wang SH, Huang ZD. Clinical evaluation of anti-DNase B test in rheumatic

fever and rheumatic heart disease. Chung Hua Nei Kotsa Chih 1991; 30(8):

489-491.

Yoshimoto M, Hosoi S, Fujisawa S, Sudo M, Okuda R. High levels of

antibodies to streptococcal cell membrane antigens specifically bound to

monoclonal antibodies in post-streptococcal giomerulonephritis. J Clin

Microbiol 1987: 25: 680-684.

Wahi V, Ganguly NK, Sehgal R, Anand IS, Kaur N, Chakravarti RN. ELlSA

for the detection of anticarbohydrate antibodies in rheumatic fever and

rheumatic heart disease. Jpn Exp Med 1989; 59: 163-1 66.

Jelonek MT, Chang SJ, Chung-Yi-Chiu, Park MK, Ward JI. Comparison of

naturally acquired and vaccine induced antibodies to H.influenzae type b

capsular polysaccharide. lnfect lmmun 1993; 10 : 5345-5350.

Page 26: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

181. Gray BM, Dillon WC, Briles DE. Epidemiological studies of Streptococcus

pneumoniae in infants, development of antibody to phosphocholine. J Clin

Microbiol 1983; 18: 1 102-1 107.

182. Musher DM, Groover JE, Rowland JM, Watson DA, Steruewing JB, Baughen

RE, Mufson MA. Antibodies to capsular polysaccharide to Streptococcus

pneumoniae, prevalence, persistence and response to revaccination. Clin

lnfect Dis 1993; 17: 66-73.

183. Musher DM, Luchi MJ, Watson DAI Hamilton R, Baughen RE. Pneumococcal

polysaccharide vaccine in young adults: determination of IgG response by

ELlSA and effect of adsorption of serum by nontype-specific wall

polysaccharide. J lnfect Dis 1994 ; 161 : 728-735.

184. Jalonen EJ, Paton C, Koskela M, Keritula Y, Leionen M. Measurement of

antibody response to pneumolysin. Promising method for the presumptive

etiological diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. J lnfect 1989; 19: 127-

134.

185. Kalin M, Kanclerski K, Granstrom M, Molby R. Diagnosis of pneumococcal

pneumonia by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies to

pneumococcal hemolysin (pneumolysin). J Clin Microbiol 1987; 25: 226-229.

186. Renneberg J, Svinhufud M, Prellner K, Christenson P. Western blot analysis

of immunoglobulin G antibodies to pneumococcal protein antigens in healthy

adults. Eur J Clin Microbiol lnfect Dis 1991; 10: 73-76.

Page 27: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

187. Padiukov LN, Ulanova MA, Kuznetsova EM, Ksenofoniova MK, Kulak IuV.

Sharapova Mkh, Batuso AP. An immunoenzyrne system for determining

antibodies to Streptococcus pneumonias polysaccharide in biological fluids.

Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, lmmunobiologii 1990; 7: 59-65.

188. Sarvas H, Rautonen N, Sipinen S, Makela 0. IgG subclasses of

pneumococcal antibodies effect of allotype G2 m(n). Scand J lmmunol 1989;

29: 229-237.

189. Freijd A, Hammastrom L, Persson MAA, Smith CIE. Plasma anti-

pneumococcai antibody of IgG class and subclasses in otitis prone chi!dren.

Clin Expt lmmunol 1984; 56: 233-238.

190. Chung GH, Scott MG, Kim KH, Kearny J, Siber GR, Ambrosino D, Nahm MH.

Clonal characterization of IgG repertoire to H.influenzae type b

polysaccharide. In vivo expression of individual clones is dependent on IgCl,

haplotypes and categories of antigen. J lmmunol 1993; 151 : 4352-4361.

191. Amir J, Scott MG, Nahm MH, Granoff DM. Bactericidal and opsonic activity of

IgG 1 and IgG 2 anticapsular antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b. J

Infect Dis 1990; 162: 163-1 71.

192. Karjaiainen H, Koskela M, Luotonen J, Sipila P. Secretary antibodies specific

to Streptococcus pneumonium, Haemophilus influenzae and Brauharnella

catarrhalis in middle ear effusion during acute otitis media. Acta

Otolaryngologica 1991 ; 1 1 l(3): 524-529.

193. Jacoby GA. Prevalence and resistance mechanisms of common bacterial

respiratory pathogens. CIin Infect Dis 1994; 1 8: 951 -957.

Page 28: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

194. Dagan R, Ferne M, Sheinis M, Alkan M, Katzeeison. An epidemic of

penicillin- tolerant Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis in children living in a

closed community: mass treatment with erythromycin. J lnfect Dis 1987; 156:

51 4-51 6.

195. Wittler R, Yarnada SM, Bass JW: Hamill R, Weiba RA, Ascher DP. Penicillin

tolerance and erythromycin resistance of Group A beta hemolyte streptococci

in Hawai and Phillipines. Am J Dis Child 1990; 144: 587-589.

196. Gutmann L, Tomasz A. Penicillin resistant and penicillin tolerant mutants of

Group A Streptococci. Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 1982; 22: 128-1 36.

197. Brook I. The role of beta lactamase producing bacteria in the persistence of

Group A Streptococcal infection. Rev Infect Dis 1984; 6: 601-607.

198. Seppala H, Nissinen A, Jarvinen H. Resistance to erythromycin in Group A

Streptococcal infection. New Engl J Med 1992; 326: 292-297.

199. Prakash K, Chattopadhya D. Group A Streptococci resistant to erythromycin

and lincomycin. Indian J Med Res 1988; 88: 391 -395.

200. Weildmann B, Atkinson BA. Susceptibility to antibiotics, sepcies incidence

and trends, In: Lorian V: Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, 3rd edn.

Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1991 ; pp 962-1 208.

201. Speer BS, Shoemaker NB, Slayers AA. Bacterial resistance to tetracycline;

mechanism, transfer and clinical significance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1992; 5:

387-389.

Page 29: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

202. Habsman D, Bullen MM. A resistant pneumococcus. Lancet 1967; ii: 264-

265.

203. Klugman KP, Koornof HJ. Drug resistance pattern and sero groups of

pneumococcal isolates from CSF and blood 1979-1986. J lnfect D i s 1988;

158: 956-964.

204. Klugman KP. Pneumococcal resistance to antibiotics. Clin Microbial Rev

1990; 3: 171 -1 96.

205. Mortor! A Gulyas M, Munoz R, Tomasz A. Extremely high resistance of

antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. J lnfect

Dis 1991 ; 163: 542-548.

206. Koornof HJ, Wasas A, Klugman K. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus

pneumonia, A South African perspective. Clin lnfect Dis 1992; 15: 84-94.

207. Lee HJ, Park JY, Jang SH, Kim JH, Kim EC, Choi KW. High incidence of

resistance to multiple antimicrobials in clinical isolates of Streptococcus

pneumoniae from University Hospital in Korea. Clin lnfect Dis 1995; 20: 826-

835.

208. Handwerger S, Tomasz A Alteration in kinetic properties of penicillin binding

protein in penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrobial

Agents and Chemotherapy 1986; 30: 57-63.

209. Robins-Browne RH, Kharsany AB, Koornhof HJ. . Antibiotic-resistant

pneumococci in hospitalized children. J Hygiene 1984; 93: 9-1 6.

Page 30: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

210. b%3eno S, Gracia Leoni ME, Cercenado E, Diaz M D , f3ernaldo de Quiros JCL,

€3-333 E. Infections caused by esythromycin-resistant Streptococcus

prwmoniae: Incidence, risk factors, response t o therapy in a prospective

sau-y. Clin lnfect Dis 1995; 20: 11 95-1200.

211. S l x s MM, Barrett FF, Chesney PJ. Cephalosporin treatment failures in

p?icill in and cephalosporin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.

Psdiatr lnfect Dis J 1992; 11 : 662-666.

212. Mmoz R, Dowson CG, Daniels M. Genetics of r e s i s t a n c e to third generation

c-;z?alosporins in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mol

Mizobiol 1992; 6: 2461 -2465.

213. J~r;3ensen JH. Update on mechanisms and p r e v a l e n c e of antimicrobial

resistance in Haemophilus influenza. Clin lnfect Dis 1 992; 14: 1 1 19-1 123.

214. Mariensen. JE, Larocco M, Himes SL, lnderhed C , Da ly JA, Campos JM,

Msndelman PM Antimicrobial susceptibility of c l i n i ca l isolates of Hinfluenzae

to znpicillin-sulbactam. Diagn Microbiol lnfect Dis 1990; 13: 341-344.

215. Jogensen JH, Doern GV, Maher LA, Howell AW, Reding JA. Antimicrobial

res.istance among respiratory isolates of H. in f luenzae, M.catarrhalis and

S-peumoniae in United States. Antimicrobial A g e n t s and Chemotherapy

1 %%I: 34: 2075-2080.

216. Claioux N, Picard M, Brochn A, Molecular basis of non beta-lactarnase

mediated resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in st ra ins of Haemophilus

i@&nzae isolated in Canada. Antimicrob Chemother 1992; 36: 1504-1 513.

Page 31: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

217. Barry AL, Fuchs PC, Pfailer MA. Susceptibility of beta-lactamase producing

and nonproducing ampicillin resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae to

cefiibuten, cefactor, cefuroxirne, cefixime, cefatoxime and ampicillin-

clavulorric acid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37: 14-1 8.

218. Roberts M, Corney A, Shaw WV. Molecular characterization of three

chloramphenicol acetyl transferases isolated from H.influenzae. J Bacterial

1982; 15: 737-741.

219. De Groot R, Chaffin DO, Kuehn M, Smith AL. Trimethoprirn-resistance in

H.influenzae is due to altered dihydrofolate reductases. Biochem J 1991;

274: 657-662.

220. Boyle FM, Georghion PR, Tiles MH, McCormack JG. Branhamella

catarrhalis: pathogenic significance in respiratory infections. Med J Aust

1991 : 1 9: 592-596.

221. Karnrne C! Vang M, Stahl S. lntrageneric and intergeneric transfer of

Branhamella catarrhalis beta-lactarnase production. Scand J Infect Dis 1984;

16: 153-155.

222. CaClin BW. Branhamella catarrhalis: an organism gaining respect as a

pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990; 3: 293-320

223. Roberts MC, Brown BA, Steingrube VA, Wallace RJ. Genetic basis of

tetracycline resistant Moraxeila (Branhamella) catarrhalis. Antimicrob Agents

Chemother 1990; 34: 181 6-1 82 8.

Page 32: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

224. Watson DA! Musher DM, Jacobson JW: Verhoef J . A brief history of the

pneurnococcus in biomedical research: a panoply of scientific discovery. Clin

lnfect Dis 1993; 17: 91 3-924.

225. Gillespie SH. Aspects of pneurnococcal infection including bacterial

virulence, host response and vaccination. J Med Microbiol 1989; 28: 237-

248.

226. Bruyn GAW, Van Furth R. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines:

indications. efficacy and recommendations. Eur J Ciin Microbiol lnfect Dis

1991 : 1 0: 897-91 0.

227. Riley ID: Lehman D, Alpers MP. Pneumococcal vaccine trials in Papua New

Guinea: Relationship between epidemiology of pneumococcal infection and

efficacy of vaccine. Rev lnfect Dis 1991 1 6: S535-S541.

228. Riley ID: Lehman D, Alpers MP, Marshal TF de C, Gratten H! Smith D.

Pneumococcal vaccine prevents death from lower respiratory tract infections

in Papua New Guinea children. Lancet 1986; 2: 877-881.

229. Douglas RM, Paton JC, Duncan SJ, Hansman DJ. Antibody response to

pneumococcal vaccination in children younger than 5 years of age. J lnfect

Dis 1983; 148: 131-1 37.

230. Schiffman G, Douglas RM, Bonner MJ, Robbins M, Austrian R. A

radioimmuno assay for immunologic phenomenon in pneumococcal disease,

and for antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine. I. Method for

radioimmuno assay for anticapsular antibody and comparison of with

techniques. J lmmun Methods 1980;30: 133-1 44.

Page 33: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

231. Witt CS1 Pomat W, Alpers MP. Pneumococcal antibody concentration in

Papua Ne;v Guinea highland children with pneumonia. Pediatr lnfect Dis

1989; 8: 53-534.

232. Sell SH: Vi;right PF, Vaughn WK, Thompson J, Schiffman G. Clinical studies

of pneummccal vaccines in infants. I. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of

two po1yvr:ent polysaccharide vaccines. Rev lnfect Dis 1981; 3: S97-S107.

233. Lett ES: Gangloff M, Zimmermann D, Wachmann D, Klein JP.

Immunoge-iicity of polysaccharide conjugated to peptides containing T- and

8-cell epiiopes. Infect lmmun 1994; 24: 1005-1 01 9.

234. Alonso De Valasco E, Merkens D! Anderton S, Verheul AFM, Lizzio EF, Van

der Zee R, Van Eden W, Hoffman T, Verhoef J, Snippe H. Synthetic peptides

representi~g T-cell epitope act as carriers in pneurnococcal polysaccharide

conjugate vaccine. lnfect lmmun I 995; 63: 961 -968.

235. Alexander JE, Lock R4, Peeters CCAM, Poolman JT, Andrew PW, Mitchell

TM, Hansnan D, Paton JC. Immunization of mice with pneumolysin toxoid

confers significant degree of protection against nine serotypes of

Streptococcus pneumoniae. fnfect lmmun 1994; 62: 5683-5688.

236. Mc Daniei LS, Shefield JS, Delucchi P, Briles DE. PSPA, a surface protein of

Streptocoxus pneumoniae is capable of causing protection against

pneumoccxci of more than one capsular type. lnfect lmmun 1991; 59:

222-228.

Page 34: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

237. Paton JC, Lock R4, Lee CJ, Li P, Berry AM, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW,

Hansman D, Boulnois GJ. Purification and immunogenicity of genetically

obtained pneumoiysin toxoids and their conjugation to Streptococcus

pneumoniae type 19F polysaccharide. Infect lmrnun 1991; 59: 2297-2304.

238. Slack MPE. Editorial: lnvasive Haernophilus influenzae disease: the impact

of Hib immunisation. J Med Microbiol 1995; 42: 75-77.

239. Adams WG, Deaver KA, Cochi SL, Decline of childhood Haemophilus

influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era. JAMA 1993; 269: 221-

226.

240. Peltola H! Kilpi T, Anttila M. Rapid disappearance of Haemophilus influenzae

type b meningitis after routine childhood immunization with conjugate

vaccines. Lancet 1992: 340: 592-594.

241. Takala AK, Santhosham M, Almeido-Hill J. Vaccination with Haemophilus

influenzae type b meningococcal protein conjugate vaccine reduces

oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b among American

Indian children. Pediatr lnfect Dis J 1993; 12: 593-599.

242. Santhosham M. Current status of H.influenzae type b vaccines. Review

article. lndian J Med Microbiol 1992; 10: 3-1 5.

243. Ward J, Brenneman G, Letson GW! Heyward WL. Alaska H.influenzae

vaccine study group: Limited efficacy of a Haemophilus influenzae conjugate

vaccine in Alaskan native infants. N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 1393-1 401.

Page 35: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

244. Berkowitz CD, Ward Jl, Chiu CE: Marcy SM, Gordon L, Hendley JO, Meier K,

Marchant CD. Persistence of antibody and booster responses to

immunization with H.influenzae type b polysaccharide and polysaccharide

diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccines in children initially immunized at 15-24

months of age. Pediatrics 1990; 82: 288-293.

245. Campbell H, Byass P, Shankhai VI, Vella PP, Greenwood BM. Serologic

responses to H.influenzae type b polysaccharide Neisseria meningitides outer

membrane protein conjugate vaccine in very young Gambian infants.

Pediatrics 1990; 86: 102-1 07.

246. Kimati VP. Evolution of National ARI Control Programme: Programming

issues and the role of UNICEF in Acute Respiratory Infections. Epidemiology

and Control. Directorate General of Health Services 1988; 12: 51 -56.

247. Gordon Still J. Management of paediatric patients with Group A beta-

hemolytic Streptococcus pharyngitis: treatment options. Paediatr Infect Dis J

1995; 14: S57-S61.

248. Peter G. Streptococcal pharyngitis: Current therapy and criteria for

evaluation of new agents. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: S218-S223.

249. Dagom R. ~ntibiotic'treatment of pediatric community acquired pneumonia:

Challenges and possible solutions. Respiration 1993; 60: 38-44.

250. Leibovitz F, Tabachrik E; Fliedel 0. Once daily intramuscular ceftriaxone in

the outpatient treatment of severe community acquired pneumonia in children.

Clin Paediatr 1990; 29: 634-641.

Page 36: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

251. Powers JL. Properties of azithromycin that enhance the potential for

compliance of children wth upper respiratory tract infections. Paediatr Infect

Dis 1996; 15: S30-S37.

252. Anonymous. W.H.O. Manual of Reference Procedures in Streptococcal

Bacteriology and Serology. Regional Office for South East Asia, New Delhi,

1987.

253. Facklam RA, Washington JA. Streptococcus and related catalase negative

gram positive cocci, In: Balows A, Hauser WJ; Herrman KL, lsenberg HD,

Shadomy HJ (eds.) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th Edn., ASM

Washington DC, 1991 : 238-257.

254. Sahm DH, Washington JA. Antimicrobial susceptibie tests: Dilution methods,

In: Balows A, Hauser WJ, Herrman KL, lsenberg HD, Shadomy HJ (eds.)

Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th Edn., ASM Washington DC, 1991: 11 05-

1116.

255. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Methods for dilution

antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically.

Appropriate Standards M7-A2 NCCLS, Villanova PA, 1990.

256. Barrow GI, Feltham RKA. Cowan and Steel Manual for the Identification of

Medical Bacteria, 3rd Edn. Cambridge University Press, 1993: 128-149.

257. Lalitha MK, Sridharan G, John M. Co-agglutination for diagnosis of bacterial

infection. Indian J Pediatr 1989; 56: 327-333.

Page 37: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

Lennette EH, Spaulding EH, Truant JP. Assay of Antimicrobial Agents, In:

Balows A, Hauser WJ, Herrman KL, lsenberg HD, Snadomy HJ (eds.) Manual

of Clinical Microbiology, 2nd Edn. ASM Washington DC, 1974: 431-435.

Gerber MA, Randolph MF, Margin NJ, Rhizhallah MF, C!eary PO, Kaplan EL,

Youb EMA. Community-wide outbreak of Group G Streptococcal pharyngitis.

Pediatrics 1991 ; 87: 895-603.

Koshi G, Brhamadattan KN, Pandian it, Joseph A. Modified filter paper strip

technique for transportation and rapid isolation of Streptococci from throat

swabs. Indian J Med Res 1988: 88: 336-338.

Higgns PM. Streptococcal pharyngitis in general practice to some unusual

features of epidemiology. Epiderniol Infect 1992; 109: 181 -1 89.

Nicolle LE, Postl 5, Urias B, Law 5, Ling N. Group A Streptococcal

pharyngitial carriage, pharyngitis and impetigo in two Northern Canadian

Native Communities. Clin Invest Med 1990: 13: 99-1 06.

Gupta R, Prakash K. Subclinical Group A Streptococcal throat infection in

school children. Indian J Paediatr 1992; 29: 1491 -1 494.

Amir J,' Shechter Y, Eilarn N, Varsano I. Group A betahemolytic Streptococcal

pharyngitis in children younger than 5 years of age. Israel J Med Sci 1994;

30: 619-622.

Aino KT, Jaana W, Eveliina T, Maija L, Musser JM. Subtyping of common

paediatric serotypes from invasive disease and pharyngeal carriage in

Finland. J Infect Dis 1996; 173: 128-1 35.

Page 38: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

266. Sivadasan K. Microbiological Investigations in children with acute respiratory

infections. Thesis submitted for the Doctor of Philosophy of ;he University of

Madras, Department of Bacteriology, Tuberculosis Research Centre (ICMR),

Madras. 1989.

267. Montgomery J, Lehman D, Smith T, Michael A, Joseph B, Lupiwa J,

Coakley C et al. Bacterial colonization of upper respiratory tract and its

association with ALRI in highland children of Papua New Guinea. Rev Infect

Dis 1990; 12: 1006-1 01 6.

268. Mastro TD, Nomani NK, lshaq Z, Ghafoor A, Shankat NF et al. Use of

nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus

influenzae from children in Pakistan for Surveillance for antimicrobial

resistance. Paediatr lnfect Dis J 1993; 12: 824-833.

269. Gratten M, Manning K, Dixon J, Morey F, Torzilo, Hannah J et al. Upper

airway carriage of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae in

Australian aboriginal children hospitalized with ALRI. South East Asian J

Trop Med Pub Hlth 1994; 25: 123-1 31.

270. Van Alphen L. Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory tract infections

due to non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae. J Infect Dis '1 992;

271. Faden H, Harabuchi Y, Hong JJ. TonadwandaiWilliamsville Paediatrics.

Epidemiology of Moraxella catarrhalis in children during the first two years of

life: relationship to otitis media. J Infect Dis 1994; 169: 131 2-1 31 7.

Page 39: BIBLIOGRAPHY - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/875/15/15... · 2012-07-12 · Runtu P, Halonen P, Meurman 0, Torres C, Paladin F, Yamoka K! Tupasi TE. Lower respiratory

272. Hoan-Jong L, Jin-Young P, Seong-Hee J, Je-Hak K, Ein-Chong K,

Kang-Won C. High incidence of resistance to multiple antimicrobials in

clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from University Hospital in

Korea. Clin infect Dis 1995; 20: 826-835.

273. Wiist J, Huf E, Kayser FH. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of

invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Switzerland. J Clin Microbial

1995; 33: 31 59-31 63.

274. Korppi M, Katila ML, Jaaskelainen J, Leionen M. Role of non-capsulated

Haemophilus influenzae as a respiratory pathogen in children. Acta

Paediatrica 1992; 81 : 989-992.

275. Fairchok MP, Ashton W.Scott, Fischer GW. Carriage of Penicillin-resistant

pneumococci in a military population in Washington DC: Risk factors and

correlation with clinical isolates. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22: 966-972.

276. Mogens K Haemophilus, In: Balows A, Hausler WJ Jr, Hermann KL,

lsenberg HD, Shadomy HJ (eds.) Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 5th Edn.

ASA Washington DC, 1991 : 463-470.