THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW INTRODUCTORY CLASS

R. EDWARD GEISELMAN, PHD

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES

CO-DEVELOPER OF THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW PROTOCOLFOR INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING

UCLA PROFESSOR OF PSYCHOLOGY 40 YEARSSERVING LAW ENFORCEMENT 30 YEARS

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THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW INTRODUCTORY CLASS Information is the lifeblood of investigations and it is the ability of investigators to obtain useful and accurate information from eyewitnesses that is most crucial. Yet full and accurate memory recall is difficult to achieve. This proficiency course will familiarize investigators with the Cognitive Interview (CI) technique. The CI is a systematic approach to interviewing witnesses toward increasing the amount of relevant information obtained without compromising the rate of accuracy. The CI is based on scientifically derived principles of memory and communication theory as well as extensive analyses of law-enforcement interviews. The CI has been found in scientific studies to produce significantly more information than standard Q&A questioning. The CI is legally acceptable to the courts. Attendees will learn about the nature of memory retrieval and how to conduct investigative interviews more effectively while avoiding the worst mistakes. This class also includes a segment on techniques for detecting deception. Research shows that the reliability of red-flag indicators can be maximized through effective interview practices which comprise the CI for suspects (CIS). Hosting this class is cost effective; trainers are left with everything needed to carry on the training of the CI/CIS once the class is over (PP slide shows, videos, handout materials).

GEISELMAN BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH R. Edward Geiselman is the co-developer of the Cognitive Interview technique. He has been a Professor of Psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles, for 34 years. He earned his Bachelors degree from Purdue University in 1972 where he studied engineering and psychology. Subsequently, he earned both Masters and PhD degrees from Ohio University in experimental psychology. Since joining the faculty at UCLA, he has published over 100 research papers in social-science and police-science journals. He is the author of five books including The Psychology of Murder, Intersections of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Law (Volumes 1, 2, & 3), Eyewitness Expert Testimony, and Memory Enhancing Techniques for Investigative Interviewing: The Cognitive Interview. Professor Geiselman has conducted training and offered other consulting services for numerous investigative agencies including the FBI, Homeland Security, US Secret Service, US State Department, Los Angeles Police Department, Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department, Singapore Police Force, Health and Human Services, NTSB, Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority, U.S. Marine Corps, Walter-Reed Army Hospital, Black Hat, Force Science Institute, and Hong Kong’s Independent Commission Against Corruption. He also conducts investigative interviews for local police departments in ongoing cold-case investigations. Dr. Geiselman was awarded the Mary-Ellen McCormick award by the LASD in 2013 for his career contributions to the investigation of child abuse cases.

R. Edward Geiselman, PhDProfessor Emeritus, UCLA

Contact via Email: geiselma@psych.ucla.edu

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COGNITIVE INTERVIEW SEMINAR OUTLINE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OVERVIEW OF MEMORY RETRIEVAL

3. OVERVIEW OF THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW

4. SEQUENCE OF THE COGNITIVE INTERVIEW

Introduction Narrative Probing Memory Scenes (specific questions) Review Closing the Interview

5. ROLE PLAY EXERCISES

6. COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES

7. SPECIAL POPULATIONS OF WITNESSES

8. SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS AFTER FORCE

9. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW (CI) SUMMARY

10. COGNITIVE INTERVIEW FOR SUSPECTS (CIS)

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BASIC COGNITIVE INTERVIEW TEMPLATE

Rapport Ask “who they are and what do they do.” Explain who you are.

Interview Instructions Explain transfer of control (they have the information, you were not there). Explain this will require considerable effort on their part.

Narrative Recreate context leading up to shooting. Ask to be complete, report everything. Ask to take their time, go slowly, close eyes if want, and to concentrate. Do not interrupt. Take limited notes about images to probe, rank images on which might have most

information (to be probed first).

Specific Questions Phase Use their words to focus on richest image. Use open ended question first (“tell me more about”). Do not interrupt, use pauses effectively. Stick with one image before moving on to another. Go through each image on your list. Now use reverse-order recall. Now use change perspectives recall.

Review Ask them to interrupt you if they want to change anything. Use their words to re-tell event from beginning to end. Stop periodically to see if they want to add anything.

Closure Thank them for their efforts. Offer contact information.

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SUMMARY COGNITIVE INTERVIEW FOR SUSPECTS

1 - Rapport/Introduction – Develop dependency. “Friends tell friends secrets.”

2 - Narrative – Promote “verbal vomit.” More rope to hang a liar; liars want to be evasive.

3 - Drawing/Sketch – Monitor for inconsistencies (unanticipated request). Liars have difficulty drawing out their fabricated story, and they do not anticipate this request.

4 - Follow-up, open-ended questions – Monitor for elaboration and indicators. Liars say little that is new, and they exhibit behavioral leakage.

5 - Reverse Order – Monitor for inconsistencies and indicators. Liars have difficulty complying with this request, they do not anticipate this request, and they exhibit behavioral leakage.

6 - Confrontation – Firm denial? Liars object and deflect an answer. Monitor for elaboration, liars add little that is new. [Use “drip” method for information disclosure – this adds pressure and does not allow for a coherent explanation from a liar.]

7 - Review – Generate a key change and monitor reaction. Liars will let the apparent error by the interviewer go uncorrected.

8 - Closure – Explain consequences of not coming forward at this time. It’s worth a shot.

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SOME CI SUCCESS STORIES

A) Victim Memory Jogging --- (2011)“Good morning Sir, just wanted to let you know that I got my first rape this morning and I already went to speak to the victim… she was heavily intoxicated at the time of the rape so she didn’t recall much of the incident at first… but after I used some of your interviewing techniques, she recalled so many details I was shocked!! Shocked at the fact that when we started the interview she had very little information to give, but by the end of the interview, she recalled that it was recorded on an I-phone device!!!! Wow!! She remembered it after I told her to close her eyes and walk thru the house technique (Change of Perspective)… she remembered seeing a laptop on the table …shortly after, she remembered a guy standing over her recording it!!! Wow! Thanks again for your help.” B) Suspect Info Generation --- (2012)“Several days after attending a class by Dr. Geiselman on Cognitive Interviewing, I interviewed an 80-year-old rape victim, who had been interviewed three times before by the SO. She was unable to give any valuable descriptors of her attacker. I utilized Geisleman’s process, step by step, including the reverse-order technique. She was able to give a detailed description, including height and weight, of the actor along with the fact that the assailant hit her repeatedly with his left hand. We reviewed all of the suspects and found one who was left handed, but had been cleared because three people had provided him an alibi. A subsequent interview, based on the victim’s added recollection, led to a confession of her rape, plus an additional rape that occurred years before. To say the least, I am a strong believer in Geiselman’s approach.”

Others ---

1. Bournemouth UK bombing case, 1990s. Eyewitnesses’ recall.2. Wrong-way PCH case (who’s the driver). Drunk driver; “dead passenger drove.”3. Bagdad bomber. Adversarial interviews, classified.4. California Raison child molestation case. Change perspectives; non-memory.5. I-phone rapist. Change-perspectives/reverse-order memory jog.6. ATF memory-over-lie case (person description). “Rope” to hang the liar.7. Girl with blue mustang murder. Witness (security guard) gives guilty knowledge.8. USS Greenville incident with Japanese fishing boat from 2001.

Training ---

“You will be pleased to know that CI has made strong inroads here. Most recently all Serious Incident Response Team investigators now use CI. In fact they have created a CI framework template checklist which actually forms part of the evidentiary package to prove that the interviewers properly used the CI during the interview with the involved or witness officers. I am very encouraged to see how things have changed here since you came and delivered the training.”

Curriculum Vitae

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R. Edward GeiselmanEmeritus Professor of Psychology, UCLA

Degrees1. Purdue University - B.S. - 1971 2. Ohio University - M.S. - 19733. Ohio University - PhD - 1976

Academic Positions1989-present -- University of California, Los Angeles -- Full Professor1982-1989 -- University of California, Los Angeles -- Associate Professor1978-1982 -- University of California, Los Angeles -- Assistant Professor1972-1976 -- Ohio University – Academic Lecturer1969-1971 -- Purdue University – Research SupervisorConsulting Positions (past and present)Force Science Instructional Group (instructor)Institute of Analytical Interviewing (instructor)Los Angeles Police Department; Los Angeles Sheriff’s DepartmentU.S. State DepartmentDepartment of Homeland Security (certified instructor, consultant, training video)Federal Bureau of InvestigationNational Transportation Safety BoardU.S. Postal Inspector’s OfficeWalter-Reed Army HospitalSingapore Police Force; Calgary Police Service; Hong Kong Independent Commission against Corruption FLETC – Rural Policing Institute (Instructor) Los Angeles Superior Court Expert Panel (1991-2011)Awards and Recognition CertificatesLASD Mary Ellen McCormick Award (2013) Member ILEETA (International Law Enforcement Educators and Trainers Assoc.)Center for Domestic PreparednessNational Association on Disability, Abuse, and Personal RightsNew Mexico Inns of CourtBritish Academy FellowOhio University Significant Achievement AwardCalifornia Sexual Assault Investigator’s AssociationCalifornia Homicide Investigator’s AssociationDefense Investigators AssociationFlorida Bar AssociationBureau of Business Practice & Kiwanis Clubs AssociationU.S. Army Intelligence Command

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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Academic Position

-Full Professor of Psychology at UCLA (faculty member 38 years).-UCLA Human Subject Protection Committees (university vice-chair 3 yrs; committee member 14 yrs; departmental subject-pool chair 12 yrs).

Training

- B.S., M.S., PhD – Experimental Psychology.- Purdue University (West Lafayette, Ind.) and Ohio University (Athens, Ohio).- Emphasis on memory recall and recognition.

Current Teaching Commitments (UCLA)- Psychology in the legal system including eyewitness psychology.- Research methodology in the social sciences.

- Cognitive psychology: perception, memory, decision making.

Current Research Programs (UCLA)- Witness/victim interviewing; deception detection.- Eyewitness identification.- Court instructions on eyewitness testimony.- Jury decision making.- Published 115 research papers and book chapters in social-science and police-science journals.

Consulting Positions- Law-enforcement agencies: Workshops on eyewitness psychology and interviewing; occasional conduct of investigative interviews of crime victims.- Workshops on interviewing crime victims: NTSB, Secret Service, FBI, LAPD, POST,LASD, USPI and various other federal, state, and local law-enforcement agencies.- Los Angeles Superior Court: Panel expert on eyewitness psychology [reviewed over 675 cases since 1991, testified in over 350 hearings and trials].- Co-developed the “Cognitive Interview” for use with victims and witnesses of crime: Adopted by CA POST and the Home Office of the British Law Enforcement Agency; included in the DOJ Guidelines on handling and preserving eyewitness evidence.

- Advisory Board of Directors: American College of Forensic Psychology.

Books- “Memory Enhancement Techniques for Investigative Interviewing: The Cognitive Interview” (1992).- “Eyewitness Expert Testimony” (1996), 1st Ed (1994).- “Intersections of Psychology, Psychiatry, & Law” (Vol. I-III, 1995, 1997, 2006).- “The psychology of Murder: Readings in Forensic Science” (2003).

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BIBLIOG RAPHY

R. Edward Geiselman

A. Published Material

1) R. E. Geiselman, "Positive forgetting of sentence RESEARCHmaterial," Memory & Cogni tion , 2, 677-682 (1974) ARTICLE

2) R. E. Geiselman, "Semantic positive forgetting: RESEARCH Another cocktail party problem," Journal of ARTICLE Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 14, 73-86 (1975)

3) R. E. Geiselman, "Single-trial free recall from RESEARCHtemporal search sets in long-term memory," ARTICLEMem ory and Cog ni ti on , 3, 474-480 (1975)

4) R. E. Geiselman and J. P. Riehle, "The fate to RESEARCHbe forgotten sentences in semantic positive ARTICLE forgetting," Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 6, 19-21 (1975)

5) F. S. Bellezza, R. E. Geiselman, and L. A. RESEARCHAronovosky, "Eye movements under different ARTICLErehearsal strategies," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 1, 673-679 (1975)

6) F. S. Bellezza, D. L. Richards, and R. E. RESEARCHGeiselman, "Semantic processing and organization ARTICLEin word recall," Memory & Cognition, 4, 415-421 (1976)

7) R. E. Geiselman and F. S. Bellezza, "Long-term RESEARCHmemory for speaker's voice and source location," ARTICLEMemory & Cognition, 4, 483-489 (1976)

8) R. E. Geiselman and F. S. Bellezza, "Eye RESEARCHmovements and overt rehearsal in word recall," ARTICLEJournal of Experimen tal Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 305-315 (1977)

9) R. E. Geiselman, "Effects of sentence ordering RESEARCHon thematic decisions to remember and forget ARTICLEprose," Memory & Cognition, 5, 323-330 (1977)

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10) R. E. Geiselman, "Memory for prose as a function RESEARCHof learning strategy and inspection time," ARTICLEJournal of Educa tional Psychology , 96, 547-555(1977)

11) R. E. Geiselman and J. Glenny, "Effects of RESEARCHimagining speakers' voices on the retention of ARTICLEwords presented visually," Mem ory & Cog ni ti on , 5, 77-82 (1977).

12) R. E. Geiselman and F. S. Bellezza, "Incidental RESEARCHretention of speaker's voice," Memory & ARTICLECognition, 5, 654-661 (1977)

13) R. A. Bjork and R. E. Geiselman, "Constituent RESEARCHprocesses in the differentiation of items in ARTICLEmemory," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 4, 347-361 (1978)

14) K. Strange, R. E. Geiselman, and M. Schwei, RESEARCH"Effects of the structure of descriptions NOTEon group impression formation," Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 7, 201-203 (1978)

15) R. E. Geiselman, "Inhibition of the RESEARCHautomatic processing of speaker's voice," ARTICLEMemory & Cognition; 7, 201-204 (1979)

16) J. R. Miller and R. E. Geiselman, "Extracting RESEARCHtarget information from composite mental ARTICLEstructures," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 555-566 (1979)

17) R. E. Geiselman and R. A. Bjork, "Primary versus RESEARCHsecondary rehearsal in imagined voices: ARTICLEDifferential effects on recognition," Cognitive Psychology, 12, 188-204 (1980) 18) R. E. Geiselman and M. G. Samet, "Summarization RESEARCHof intelligence information: An application of ARTICLEschema theory," Human Factors, 22, 693-705 (1980)

19) M. Elliot, R. E. Geiselman, and D. Thomas, RESEARCH"Modality effects in short-term recognition ARTICLEmemory," American Journal of Psychology, 94, 85-

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98 (1981)

20) R. E. Geiselman and M. G. Samet, "What makes INVITEDa 'good' summary of intelligence information?" REVIEWMilitary Intelligence, 7, 6-10 (1981) ARTICLE

21) R. E. Geiselman, J. A. Woodward, and J. Beatty, RESEARCH"Individual differences in verbal memory ARTICLEperformance: A test of alternative information processing models," Journal of ExperimentalPsychology: General, 111, 109-134 (1982)

22) M. G. Samet and R. E. Geiselman, "Guideline RESEARCHdevelopment for information summarization," ARTICLEHuman Factors, 23, 727-736 (1982)

23) R. E. Geiselman, B. M. Landee, and F. G. RESEARCH Christen, "Perceptual discriminability as a ARTICLE basis for selecting graphic symbols" Human Factors, 24, 329-337 (1982)

24) R. E. Geiselman and M. G. Samet, "Personalized RESEARCH versus fixed formats for intelligence messages," ARTICLEIEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics,12, 490-495 (1982)

25) M. G. Samet, R. E. Geiselman, and B. M. Landee, RESEARCH"A human factors evaluation of perceptual symbol- ARTICLEdesign features," Perceptual and Motor Skills, 54, 1303-1310 (1982)

26) R. E. Geiselman and J. M. Crawley, "Incidental RESEARCHprocessing of speaker characteristics: Voice as ARTICLEconnotative information," Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 22, 15-23 (1983)

27) R. E. Geiselman, R. A. Bjork, and D. L. Fishman, RESEARCH"Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: ARTICLEA link with posthypnotic amnesia," Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 58-72 (1983)

28) R. E. Geiselman, D. P. MacKinnon, C. Jaenicke, RESEARCHD. L. Fishman, B. Larner, S. Schoenberg, and ARTICLES. Swartz, "Mechanisms of hypnotic and non-hypnotic forgetting," Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 9, 626-

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635 (1983)

29) R. E. Geiselman et al., "An empirical evaluation RESEARCHof mnemonic instruction for remembering names," ARTICLEHuman Learning, 3, 1-7 (1984)

30) R. E. Geiselman et al., "Enhancement of RESEARCHeyewitness memory: Empirical evaluation of the ARTICLEcognitive interview," Journal of Police Science and Administration, 12, 74-80 (1984)

31) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, D. P. MacKinnon, RESEARCHand H. L. Holland, "Hypnotic and cognitive NOTEinterviews to enhance the memory of eyewitnesses to crime," International Journal of Investigative and Forensic Hypnosis, 7-10 (1984)

32) R. E. Geiselman, N. A. Haight, and L. G. Kimata, RESEARCH"Context effects on the perceived physical ARTICLEattractiveness of faces," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 409-424 (1984)

33) D. P. MacKinnon, R. E. Geiselman, and J. A. RESEARCHWoodward, "The effects of effort on Stroop ARTICLEinterference," Acta Psycholo gica , 58, 225-235 (1985)

34) R. E. Geiselman and Behrooz Bagheri, RESEARCH"Repetition effects in directed forgetting: ARTICLEEvidence for retrieval inhibition," Memory & Cognition, 13, 57-62 (1985)

35) R. E. Geiselman, R. P. Fisher, D. P. MacKinnon, RESEARCHand H. L. Holland, "Eyewitness memory ARTICLEenhancement in the police interview: Cognitive retrieval mnemonics versus hypnosis," Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 401-412 (1985)

36) R. E. Geiselman, "Motivational constructs in RESEARCHencoding and forgetting," In G. d'Ydewalle (Ed), ARTICLECognition, Information Processing, and Motivation, North Holland Publishers, 3, 525-533 (1985)

37) R. E. Geiselman, V. E. Rabow, S. L. Wachtel, and RESEARCHD. P. MacKinnon, "Strategy control in ARTICLEintentional forgetting," Human Learning, 4, 169-

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178 (1985)

38) R. E. Geiselman and T. Panting, "Personality RESEARCHcorrelates of retrieval processes in intentional ARTICLEand unintentional forgetting," Personality and individual Differences, 6, 685-691 (1985)

39) M. Shurtleff and R. E. Geiselman, "A human RESEARCHperformance based evaluation of topographic maps ARTICLEand map symbols with novice map users," Cartographic Journal, 23, 52-55 (1986)

40) R. E. Geiselman and R. P. Fisher, "The cognitive MAGAZINEinterview technique for interviewing victim and ARTICLEwitnesses of crime," The National Sheriff, October, 54-56 (1985)

41) R. E. Geiselman and M. Neilsen, "Cognitive MAGAZINEmemory retrieval techniques," The Police Chief, ARTICLEMarch, 69-70 (1986)

42) R. E. Geiselman, R. P. Fisher, G. Cohen, H. L. RESEARCHHolland, and L. Surtes, "Eyewitness responses ARTICLEto leading and misleading questions under the cognitive interview," Journal of Police Science and Administration, 14, 31-39 (1986)

43) D. Florence and R. E. Geiselman, "A human RESEARCHperformance evaluation of alternative graphic ARTICLEdisplay symbologies," Perceptual and Motor Skills, 63, 399-406 (1986)44) R. E. Geiselman, B. M. Landee, and M. G. Samet, RESEARCH"A selective call-up system for managing ARTICLEtactical information on graphic displays," IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 16, 901-908 (1986)

45) R. E. Geiselman, R. P. Fisher, D. P. MacKinnon, RESEARCHand H. L. Holland, "Eyewitness memory ARTICLEenhancement with the cognitive interview," American Journal of Psychology, 99, 385-401 (1986)

46) R. E. Geiselman, "Improving eyewitness memory BOOKthrough mental reinstatement of context," In CHAPTER G. Davies and D. Thomson (Eds.), Memory in context: Context in memory, John Wiley & Sons.

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245-265 (1988)

47) R. E. Geiselman and H. R. Machlovitz, RESEARCH"Methodological factors affect the success of ARTICLEhypnosis memory recall," American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 1, 37-46 (1987)

48) Item 35 was reprinted in its entirety in: RESEARCHL. Wrightsman, C. Willis, and S. Kassin (Eds.), ARTICLE"On the witness stand: Controversies in the Courtroom" Sage Publications (1987)

49) L. Mende, D. P. MacKinnon, and R. E. Geiselman, RESEARCH "Memory for license plates as a function of ARTICLE exposure time," Journal of Police Science and Administration, 15, 68-71 (1987)

50) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, and D. S. Raymond, RESEARCH"Critical Analysis of Police Interview ARTICLE Techniques," Journal of Police Science and Admini- stration, 15, 177-184 (1987)

51) R. E. Geiselman, "The cognitive interview PROSECUTOR'S techniques for interviewing victims and BRIEF witnesses of crime," Prosecutor's Brief; Spring, 18-20 (1987)

52) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, D. S. Raymond RESEARCH L. M. Jurkevich, and M. L. Warhaftig, ARTICLE "Enhancing enhanced eyewitness memory: Refining the cognitive interview," Journal of Police Science and Administration, 15, 291-297 (1987)

53) R. P. Fisher, and R. E. Geiselman, "Enhancing CHAPTER: eyewitness memory with the cognitive interview," EDITED In M.M. Gruneberg, P.E. Morris, & R.N. Sykes BOOK OF (Eds.), Practical Aspects of Memory: Current PROCEED- research and issues. John Wiley & Sons. 525-534 INGS (1988). -- reprinted in R.P. Honeck (Ed.), Introductory BOOK readings for Cognitive Psychology (2nd Ed.), ENTRY Dushkin Publishing Co. (1994).

54) A. Memon, R. Dionne, L. Short, S. Marliani, D.P. RESEARCH MacKinnon, and R. E. Geiselman, "Psychological ARTICLE factors in the use of photospreads," Journal of

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Police Science and Administration, 16, 62-69 (1988)

55) D. P. MacKinnon, K. E. O'Reilly, and R. E. RESEARCH Geiselman, "Improving eyewitness recall for ARTICLE license plates," Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 129-140 (1990)

56) R. P. Fisher, R. E. Geiselman, and M. Amador, RESEARCH "Field test of the cognitive interview: Enhancing ARTICLE the recollection of actual victims and witnesses of crime" Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 722- 727 (1989) 57) D. L. Green, and R. E. Geiselman, "Building RESEARCH composite facial images: Effects of feature ARTICLE saliency and delay of construction," Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 714-721 (1989)

58) R. E. Geiselman, and R. P. Fisher, "The cognitive BOOK interview technique for victims and witnesses CHAPTER of crime," In D. Raskin (Ed.), Psychological methods in investigation; Springer Publishing Co. 191-216 (1989)

59) R. E. Geiselman, and J. Padilla, "Cognitive RESEARCH interviewing with child witnesses," Journal of ARTICLE Police Science and Administration, 16, 236-242 (1988)

60) R. E. Geiselman and R. Callot, "Reverse and RESEARCH forward order recall of script-based text," ARTICLE Journal of Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 141-144 (1990)

61) B. Paley and R. E. Geiselman: "The effects of RESEARCH alternative photospread instructions on suspect ARTICLE identification performance," American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 7, 3-13 (1989) 62) C. L. Brown and R. E. Geiselman, "Eyewitness RESEARCH testimony of mentally retarded: Effects of the ARTICLE cognitive interview," Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 6, 14-22 (1990)

63) R. Blonstein and R. E. Geiselman, "Effects of RESEARCH

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witnessing conditions and expert witness ARTICLE testimony on credibility of an eyewitness," American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 8, 11-19 (1990)

64) R. H. Ryan, and R. E. Geiselman, "Effects of RESEARCH biased information on the relationship between ARTICLE eyewitness confidence and accuracy," Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29, 7-9 (1991)

65) M.G. Latts, and R.E. Geiselman, "Interviewing REVIEW survivors of rape," Journal of Police and ARTICLE Criminal Psychology, 7, 8-17 (1991)

66) R.P. Fisher and R.E. Geiselman, "Memory AUTHORED enhancement techniques for investigative BOOK interviews: The cognitive interview," Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishers. (1992)

67) R. E. Geiselman, "Hypnosis and memory," In L. HANDBOOK Squire (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Learning and Memory. ENTRY New York: MacMillan Publ. Co. (1992)

68) K.J. Saywitz, R.E. Geiselman, and G.K. Bornstein, RESEARCH "Effects of cognitive interviewing and practice ARTICLE on children's recall performance," Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 744-756. (1992)

69) MacKinnon, D.P., A. Stacey, L. Nohre, & R.E. RESEARCH Geiselman, "Effects of processing depth on memory ARTICLE for the alcohol warning label." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society, 1, 538-542. (1992)

-- reprinted in K.R. Laughery, M.S. Wogalter, & S.L. Young (Eds.), Human factors perspectives on warnings. Human factors & Ergonomics Society.

70) R. E. Geiselman, Karen J. Saywitz, and Gail K. BOOK Bornstein, "Effects of cognitive questioning, CHAPTER techniques on children's recall performance," In G. Goodman and B. Bottoms (Eds.), Understanding and improving children's testimony: Developmental, clinical, and legal issues. New York: Guilford Publ. (pp. 71-94) (1993)

71) C. Yu, & R.E. Geiselman "Effects of constructing RESEARCH

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Identi-kit composites on photospread ARTICLE identification performance." Criminal Justice and Behavior, 20, 280-292. (1993)

72) Y.Y. Chen, & R.E. Geiselman "Effects of RESEARCH stereotyping and ethnically-related cognitive ARTICLE biases on eyewitness recollections of height." American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 11, 13- 20. (1993)

73) T. Luu & R.E. Geiselman "Cognitive retrieval RESEARCH techniques and order of feature construction in ARTICLE the formation of composite facial images." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 9, 34-39. (1993)

74) R.P. Fisher, M.R. McCauley, & R.E. Geiselman BOOK "Improving eyewitness testimony with the cognitive CHAPTER interview." In D. Ross, J.D. Read, & M. Toglia (Eds.), Adult eyewitness testimony: Current trends and developments. London: Cambridge University Press. (pp. 245-269) (1994)

75) R.E. Geiselman, A. MacArthur, & S. Meerovitch RESEARCH "Transference of perpetrator roles in eyewitness ARTICLE identifications from photarrays." American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 11, 1-11. (1994)

76) D.H. Wedell, A. Parducci, & R.E. Geiselman (1987- RESEARCH -overlooked before). "A formal analysis of ARTICLE ratings of physical attractiveness: Successive contact and simultaneous assimilation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 23, 230-249.

77) Geiselman, R.E., Taras, L., Schaap, R., & RESEARCH Woodruff, N. "Recall of constituent elements from ARTICLE multiple episodes of an event using the cognitive interview." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 10, 1-5. (1994)

78) Lee, T. & Geiselman, R.E. "Recall of perpetrator RESEARCH height as a function of eyewitness and perpetrator ARTICLE ethnicity." Psychology, Crime & Law, 1, 1-9. (1994)

79) Geiselman, R.E. "Eyewitness expert testimony." AUTHORED Laguna Beach, CA: American College of Forensic BOOK

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Psychology Press. (130 pages) (1994)

80) Geiselman, R.E. "Providing eyewitness expert REVIEW testimony in Los Angeles." Expert Evidence, 3, ARTICLE 9-15. (1994)

81) Geiselman, R.E. "Intersections of psychology, EDITED psychiatry, and law: Readings in forensic BOOK science. Laguna Beach, CA: American College of Forensic Psychology Press. (240 pages) (1994)

82) Geiselman, R.E., Lam, L., Lee, T., & Yu, C. RESEARCH "Recall of perpetrator height and weight by Asian ARTICLE and Caucasian eyewitnesses." Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology. 10, 31-34 (1995)

83) Geiselman, R.E., Haghighi, D., & Stown, R. RESEARCH "Unconscious transference and characteristics of ARTICLE accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses." Psychology, Crime, and Law, 2, 131-141. (1996)

84) Ramirez, G., Zemba, D., & Geiselman, R.E. RESEARCH "Judge's cautionary instructions on eyewitness ARTICLE testimony." American Journal of Forensic Psychology. 14, 31-66 (1996)

85) Geiselman, R.E. "Eyewitness expert testimony." AUTHORED Laguna Beach, CA: American College of Forensic BOOK Psychology Press. (186 pages) (1996) - 2ND ED.

86) Geiselman, R.E. "On the use and efficacy of the REVIEW cognitive interview." PSYCHOLOQUY, 7(6). PAPER - witness-memory.x.geiselman. (1996) ELCTRNC

87) Teitelbaum, S., & Geiselman, R.E. "Observer mood RESEARCH and cross-racial recognition of faces." Journal of ARTICLE Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 93-106 (1997).

88) Geiselman, R.E. & Fisher, R.P. "Ten years of BOOK cognitive interviewing." In D. Payne & F. Conrad CHAPTER (Eds.) Intersections in basic and applied memory research. New York: Lawrence Earlbaum (1997) (pp 291-310)

89) Geiselman, R.E. "Vittime e testimoni oculari REVIEW depongono." KOS: Revista di medicina, cultura e ARTICLE

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scienze umane. (March, 1997, pp. 14-19).

90) Firment, K., & Geiselman, R.E. "University RESEARCH students' attitudes and perceptions of the death ARTICLE penalty." American Journal of Forensic Psychology. 15, 1-25. (1997)

91) Phillips, M., Geiselman, R.E., Haghighi, D., & RESEARCH Lin, C. "Some boundary conditions for bystander ARTICLE misidentification." Criminal Justice and Behavior. 24, 370-390 (1997)

92) Geiselman, R.E. "Intersections of Psychology, EDITED Psychiatry, and Law" - Vol II. American College of BOOK Forensic Psychology Press. Balboa Island: CA. (1997)

93) Erian, M., Lin, C., Neal, A., & Geiselman, R.E. RESEARCH "Juror verdicts as a function of victim and ARTICLE defendant attractiveness is sexual assault cases." American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 16, 25-40. (1998)

94) Saywitz, K. & Geiselman, R.E. "Techniques for BOOK maximizing completeness while minimizing errors in CHAPTER children's recall of events. In S. Lynn & K.M. McConkey (Eds.), Truth in memory. New York: Guilford (pp. 190-226). (1998)

95) Geiselman, R.E. “Commentary on recent research with the COMMENTARY the Cognitive Interview.” Psychology, Crime, & Law, 5, (special issue) 197-202. (1999)

96) Geiselman, R.E., Schroppel, T., Tubridy, A., Konishi, T. RESEARCH & Rodriguez, V. “Objectivity bias in eyewitness ARTICLE performance.” Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14, 323- 332. (2000)

97) Geiselman, R.E., Tubridy, A., Blumkin, R., Schroppel, T., RESEARCH Turner, L., Yoakum, K., & Young, N. “Benton facial ARTICLE recognition test scores: Index of eyewitness accuracy.” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19, 1-25. (2001)

98) Geiselman, R.E., Tubridy, A., Barroso, A., McClean, R., RESEARCH Mozafarian, M., & Zoumberakis, H. “Benton facial ARTICLE

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recognition test scores: Their effects on juror verdicts.” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 19, 26-54. (2001)

99) Geiselman, R.E., Putman, C., Korte, R., & Jachimowicz, G. RESEARCH “Eyewitness expert testimony and juror decisions,” American ARTICLE Journal of Forensic Psychology, 20, 1-16. (2002) 100) Geiselman, R.E. (Editor) “The psychology of murder: EDITED Readings in forensic science,” American College of BOOK Forensic Psychology Press. Balboa Island: CA. (2003)

101) Geiselman, R.E., and Mendez, B.M. “Assistance to the RESEARCH Fact finder: Eyewitness expert testimony versus attorneys’ ARTICLE closing arguments,” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 23, 1-11. (2005)

102) Geiselman, R.E. (Editor) “Intersections of psychology, EDITED Psychiatry, and Law (Vol 3),” American College of Forensic BOOK Psychology Press. Balboa Island: CA. (2006)

103) Lee, B, Alavez, M., Cameron, L., Conway, B., & RESEARCH Geiselman, R.E. “Timing of eyewitness expert testimony ARTICLE within a trial,” American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 28, 41-58. (2007)

104) Geiselman, R.E., Keesler, M., Emrani, M. & Yu, J. “Juror RESEARCH verdict predicted from a four-item voir-dire question ARTICLE battery,” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 29, 1-14 (2008).

105) McCormack, T., Ashkar, A., Hunt, A., Chang, E., RESEARCH Silberkleit, G., & Geiselman, R.E. “Indicators of deception ARTICLE in an oral narrative: Which are more reliable?” American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 30, 49-56. (2009).

106) Fisher, R.P., & Geiselman, R.E. “The cognitive THEORETICAL interview method of conducting police interviews: ARTICLE Eliciting extensive information and promoting therapeutic jurisprudence.” International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33, 321-328 (2010).

107) Geiselman, R.E. “Research note: Rest and eyewitness RESAERCH memory recall.” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, NOTE 28, 65-69 (2010).

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108) Geiselman, R.E., Elmgren, S., Green, C., & Rystad, I. RESEARCH “Training laypersons to detect deception in oral narratives ARTICLE and exchanges.” American Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 32, 1-22 (2011).

109) Wilson, J.F. & Geiselman, R.E. “Training for the aftermath THEORETICAL of an officer involved shooting.” The ILEETA Use of Force ARTICLE Journal, 11, 24-28 (2011).

110) Geiselman, R.E. “The Cognitive Interview for Suspects RESEARCH (CIS).” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 30, 1-12 ARTICLE (2012).

111) Geiselman, R.E., Wilson, J.F., Artwohl, A., & Lewinsky, B. BOOK “Conducting the investigative interviews.” In E. Kapelsohn CHAPTER (Ed.), Officer involved shootings. Peregrine Press (in press, 2015).

112) Geiselman, R.E., Musarra, E., Berezovskaya , N., Lustig, C., & Elmgren, S. (2013). “Training laypersons to detect deception RESEARCH in oral narratives and exchanges - II.” American Journal of ARTICLE Forensic Psychology, 31, 1-15.

113) Geiselman, R.E. & Fisher, R.P. (2014). “Interviewing INVITED witnesses and victims.” In M. St-Yves (Ed), Investigative BOOK CHAPTER interviewing: Handbook of Best Practices. Thomson Reuters Publishers: Toronto. (2014).

114) Leps, C.H. & Geiselman, R.E. (2014). “An interview protocol RESEARCH of experienced human intelligence collectors and counterintelligence ARTICLE agents: Implications for research.” American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 1-24.

115) Dando, C., Geiselman, R.E., MacLeod, N., & Griffiths, A. INVITED (2015). “Interviewing adult witnesses (including vulnerable BOOK CHAPTER witnesses).” In Gavin Oxburgh (Ed.), Communication in Forensic Contexts: An International Handbook of Psychology and Linguistics. John Wiley and Sons. (2015).

116) Geiselman, R.E., Wilson, J., & Artwohl, A. (2016). In Darrell Ross (Ed.), Conducting the investigative interviews. In Ross, D. & Vilke, G.M. (Eds.), Guidelines for investigating officer-involved shootings, arrest-related deaths, and deaths I n custody. Routledge: New York.

117) Fisher, R.P. & Geiselman, R.E. (2017). Investigative interviewing. In Van Hasselt, V.B. &

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Bourke, M. (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral criminology: Contemporary strategies and issues.

B. Technical Reports

1) R. E. Geiselman, B. M. Lande, and M. G. Samet, TECHNICAL "Graphic portrayal of military information: A REPORT selective annotated bibliography for tactical symbology," U.S. Army Research Institute technical report (January, 1979).

2) R. E. Geiselman, and M. G. Samet, "Information TECHNICAL summarization in a corps-level scenario," U.S. REPORT Army Research Institute technical report (October, 1979).

3) B. M. Landee, R. E. Geiselman, and C. S. Clark, TECHNICAL "Military symbology: A user community survey," REPORT U.S. Army Research Institute technical report (April, 1981).

4) T. D. Wickens, R. E. Geiselman, M. G. Samet, and TECHNICAL C. Yelvington, "Mental representation of circuit REPORT diagrams: Individual differences in structural knowledge," Office of Naval Research technical report (September, 1982).

5) J. R. Thompson, R. Hopf-Weichel, and R. E. TECHNICAL Geiselman, "The cognitive bases of intelligence REPORT analysis," U.S. Army Research Institute technical report (July, 1983).

6) R. E. Geiselman, M. G. Samet, and T. D. Wickens, TECHNICAL "Mental representation of circuit diagrams," REPORT Office of Naval Research technical report (October, 1984).

7) R. E. Geiselman, and R. P. Fisher, "Interviewing RESEARCH victims and witnesses of crime," U.S. Department BRIEF of Justice research brief (December, 1985), distributed to all major police departments in US.

8) R. P. Fisher, and R. E. Geiselman, "Evaluation RESEARCH and field implementation of the cognitive BRIEF interview," U.S. Department of Justice research brief (April, 1988), distributed to law enforcement

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agencies nationwide.

9) R. E. Geiselman, K. J. Saywitz, and G. K. TECHNICAL Bornstein, "Cognitive questioning techniques for REPORT child victims and witnesses of crime," State Justice Institute Final Report (April, 1990), distributed to jurisdictions nationwide.

10) R. E. Geiselman, K. J. Saywitz, and G. K. TECHNICAL Bornstein, "Effects of cognitive interviewing, REPORT & practice, and interview style on children's recall RESEARCH performance," National Institute of Justice Final BRIEF Report (1991) & Research Brief (1992), distributed to law enforcement agencies nationwide.

11) D.W. Willard, R.E. Geiselman et al., “Deviation TECHNICAL assessment and response training curriculum REPORT development project (DART),” LA Metro Transport Authority (2009), joint project of MTA, LASD, DHS, & UCLA.

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Media Coverage of the Researach

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