bible survey j gareth evans 2011. what is the bible? lit. books. old testament – 39 books (hebrew)...
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Bible SurveyBible Survey
J Gareth EvansJ Gareth Evans
20112011
What is the Bible?What is the Bible?Lit. books.Lit. books.
Old Testament – 39 books (Hebrew)Old Testament – 39 books (Hebrew)New Testament – 27 books (Greek)New Testament – 27 books (Greek)
Aramaic portions include Dan. 2:4b-7:28; Ezra Aramaic portions include Dan. 2:4b-7:28; Ezra 4:8-6:18, 7:12-26; Jer. 10:11; and one phrase in 4:8-6:18, 7:12-26; Jer. 10:11; and one phrase in
Gen. 31:47 "Jegar-sahadutha," translated Gen. 31:47 "Jegar-sahadutha," translated "Heap of Witness." "Heap of Witness."
The Bible as Religious WritingThe Bible as Religious Writing
All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in
righteousness, so that the man of God may be righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. thoroughly equipped for every good work.
2 Tim 3:162 Tim 3:16
The formation of the Bible had more to do with The formation of the Bible had more to do with acceptance of writings by Hebrew and Christian acceptance of writings by Hebrew and Christian communities over a period of time than official communities over a period of time than official
decisions of Jewish or Christian Councils.decisions of Jewish or Christian Councils.
Canons (lit. Canons (lit. rulerule))
There were early attempts at developing a list There were early attempts at developing a list of NT books. The need became greater owing of NT books. The need became greater owing
to heretics such as Marcion.to heretics such as Marcion.
The Muratorian Canon (Rome C200 AD) omits The Muratorian Canon (Rome C200 AD) omits Hebrews, James, 1 and 2 Peter, and 3 JohnHebrews, James, 1 and 2 Peter, and 3 John
The Athanathian Canon (367AD) was the first The Athanathian Canon (367AD) was the first to have the same 27 books.to have the same 27 books.
Finally settled at Councils of Carthage (AD 397 Finally settled at Councils of Carthage (AD 397 & 419). OT Canon settled at Council of Jamnia & 419). OT Canon settled at Council of Jamnia
(AD 90).(AD 90).
Old Testament BooksOld Testament Books
The Law (Pentateuch)The Law (Pentateuch)Gen, Exod, Lev, Num, DeutGen, Exod, Lev, Num, Deut
ProphetsProphetsFormer:Former: Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings
Latter:Latter: Isaiah, Jer, Ezek, The Twelve Isaiah, Jer, Ezek, The Twelve
WritingsWritingsPsalms, Prov, Job, Daniel, Ezra-Neh, ChroniclesPsalms, Prov, Job, Daniel, Ezra-Neh, Chronicles
Songs, Ruth, Lam, Eccles, Esther (Festival Scrolls)Songs, Ruth, Lam, Eccles, Esther (Festival Scrolls)
New Testament BooksNew Testament BooksGospelsGospels
Matthew, Mark Luke (Synoptics) & JohnMatthew, Mark Luke (Synoptics) & John
ActsActs
EpistlesEpistlesPauline:Pauline: Rom, 1&2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Phil, Col, Rom, 1&2 Cor, Gal, Eph, Phil, Col, 1&2 Thess, Pastoral (1&2 Tim, Titus), Philem1&2 Thess, Pastoral (1&2 Tim, Titus), Philem
Hebrews Hebrews General:General: James, 1&2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude James, 1&2 Peter, 1-3 John, Jude
Apocalypse (Revelation)Apocalypse (Revelation)
Books that didn’t make itBooks that didn’t make it
Seven NT were disputed before making itSeven NT were disputed before making itHebrews, 2 and 3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, James, Hebrews, 2 and 3 John, 2 Peter, Jude, James,
Revelation Revelation
Books that some acceptedBooks that some accepted1 Clement, the Shepherd of Hermas, the Epistle of 1 Clement, the Shepherd of Hermas, the Epistle of Barnabas, the Didache, the Apocalypse of PeterBarnabas, the Didache, the Apocalypse of Peter
Gnostic Gospels - RejectedGnostic Gospels - RejectedGospel of Thomas, Apocryphon of John, Sophia Jesu Gospel of Thomas, Apocryphon of John, Sophia Jesu
ChristiChristi
The Historical BackgroundThe Historical Background
PatriarchsPatriarchs
Exodus & ConquestExodus & Conquest
Judges & KingsJudges & Kings
Exile & RestorationExile & Restoration
Inter-TestamentalInter-Testamental
Life of JesusLife of Jesus
Early ChurchEarly Church
Bookends – Beginning & EndBookends – Beginning & End
The Major ThemesThe Major Themes
Creation & FallCreation & Fall
RedemptionRedemption
RevelationRevelation
Nature of GodNature of God
CovenantsCovenants
TempleTemple
MessiahMessiah
ConsummationConsummation
Literary GenresLiterary Genres
Historical NarrativesHistorical Narratives
GenealogiesGenealogies
LawLaw
ProphecyProphecy
Proverbs and riddles (wisdom)Proverbs and riddles (wisdom)
Prayers and Hymns/SongsPrayers and Hymns/Songs
Wisdom LiteratureWisdom Literature
Stories and ParablesStories and Parables
ApocalypticApocalyptic
Resources for StudyResources for Study
Bible Handbook/EncyclopaediaBible Handbook/Encyclopaedia
Bible AtlasBible Atlas
Bible DictionaryBible Dictionary
CommentariesCommentaries
ConcordancesConcordances
TranslationsTranslations
TextsTexts
A number of papyrii containing fragments of the A number of papyrii containing fragments of the NT date from 2NT date from 2ndnd century. Other manuscripts century. Other manuscripts
includeincludeSinaiticus IVSinaiticus IVVaticanus IVVaticanus IV
Alexandrinus VAlexandrinus VBezae VBezae V
Families of manuscripts – Byzantian. Families of manuscripts – Byzantian. Alexandrian, Caesarean, Western.Alexandrian, Caesarean, Western.
Textual Criticism seeks to determine originalTextual Criticism seeks to determine original
TranslationsTranslations
Greek OT – Septuagint (LXX)Greek OT – Septuagint (LXX)
Early translations of the NT include:Early translations of the NT include:
Latin, Syriac, CopticLatin, Syriac, Coptic
THE KJV is based on a version of the Greek text THE KJV is based on a version of the Greek text called the Textus Receptus which is Byzantine.called the Textus Receptus which is Byzantine.
Modern versions include NASB, NIV, RSV, NRSV and Modern versions include NASB, NIV, RSV, NRSV and so on. Each employs somewhat different principles of so on. Each employs somewhat different principles of
translation.translation.
Modern translations, following Wescott and Hort, are Modern translations, following Wescott and Hort, are based on the Alexandrian text.based on the Alexandrian text.
The Relationship of the Old and New The Relationship of the Old and New TestamentsTestaments
One in three NT verses quote the OTOne in three NT verses quote the OT
1644 OT passages are quoted in the NT1644 OT passages are quoted in the NT
Only Philemon does not quote the OTOnly Philemon does not quote the OT
The Song of Songs isn’t quoted in the NTThe Song of Songs isn’t quoted in the NT
Isaiah (412), Psalms (410), Exodus (240) and Isaiah (412), Psalms (410), Exodus (240) and Genesis (238) are quoted most oftenGenesis (238) are quoted most often
Moses, Abraham, David and Jacob are most Moses, Abraham, David and Jacob are most referred to charactersreferred to characters
Why Read the Old Testament?Why Read the Old Testament?
It was the Book Jesus read and usedIt was the Book Jesus read and used
It was read and used by the first It was read and used by the first followers of Jesusfollowers of Jesus
It is the beginning of a history of It is the beginning of a history of God’s purpose which culminated in God’s purpose which culminated in
JesusJesus
It is the account of how God reveals It is the account of how God reveals HimselfHimself
Jesus’ Attitude to the OTJesus’ Attitude to the OTJohn 10:35 – John 10:35 – “The Scriptures cannot “The Scriptures cannot
be broken”be broken”Matt 22:29 – Matt 22:29 – “you do not know the “you do not know the
Scriptures or the power of God”Scriptures or the power of God”Matt 22:31Matt 22:31 – “have you not read what – “have you not read what
God said to you?”God said to you?”Matt 6:17Matt 6:17 – “I have not come to – “I have not come to
abolish [the Law or the Prophets] but abolish [the Law or the Prophets] but to fulfil the”.to fulfil the”.