bhopal gas trajedy
TRANSCRIPT
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BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY
The Bhopal disasterwas a gas leak incident in
India, considered one of the wo r ld 's wors t
indus tr ial d isaster. It occurred on the night of
December 23, 1984 at the Union CarbideInd ia Lim ited (UCIL) pest ic ide plant in
Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh, India. A leak of
methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals fromthe plant resulted in the exposure of hundreds of
thousands of people.
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All because of.
Methyl isoc yanate (MIC) is extremely to xic .
MIC can damage by inhalation, ingestion and
contact in quantities as low as 0.4 ppm. Damage
includes coughing, chest pain, asthma, irritation
of the eyes, nose and throat, as well as skin
damage. Higher levels of exposure, over 21
ppm, can result pneumonia and death.
At 25 C,it reacts vigourously in excess water,half of the MIC is consumed in 9 min,if the heat
is not efficiently removed from the mixture, the
rate of the reaction will increase and rapidly
cause the MIC to boil.
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As a result..
Twenty-five years have passed since that night ofterror and death in Bhopal, which saw a cloud ofdeadly gases explode out of a faulty tank in a pesticidefactory and silently spread into the homes of sleeping
people. Some vomited uncontrollably, went into unconscious
and fell dead.
Although no official count of casualties has ever beendone, estimates based on hospital and rehabilitationrecords show that about 20,000 people died and about5.7 lakh suffered bodily damage, making it by far theworld's worst industrial disaster ever.
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A CHILD KILLED BY POISONOUS LEAK
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Photograph is perhaps themost capable one to tell thestory of that night.
On 5th dec 1984 PabloBartholomew and Raghu Rai
went to cover the disaster, andsaw the people who were aboutto bury this child .They
quickly took several shotsbefore the grave was filledwith dirt. They did not ask thename of the child or father.Unable to withstand the sorrow,
they broke down and cried. So far, the identity of this girl
child remains unknown. Noone has come forward claimingto be a relative of this girl.
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After the incident,noone under the age of18 was registered.Thenumber of children
exposed to the gaseswas at least 2,00,000.
Doctors and hospitalswere not informed ofproper treatment
methods for MIC gasinhalation.They weretold to simply givecough medicine andeye drops to their
patients
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2,000BUFFALO,
GOATS, ANDOTHERANIMALS WERE
COLLECTEDAND BURIED
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A view of the inside premises of the
union carbide factory a year after the
midnght 2-3 december,1984
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What happended?????Story Behind the disaster
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Factors leading to the magnitude of
the gas leak include:
During that night of December 2, a large amountof water entered Tank 610,' which contained 42
tonnes of MIC, much more than the safety rules
permitted. The reaction generated a major increase in the
temperature inside the tank to over 200 degreeCelsius(actually MIC must be stored attemperatures below 40 C).
This forced the emergency venting of pressurefrom the tank, releasing a large volume of toxic
gases.
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Contd
The reaction was speeded up by the presence of iron from
corroding pipelines. It is known that workers cleaned the
pipelines with water but they were not told by the
supervisor to add a slip-blind water isolation plate. Slip-
blind plates that would have prevented water from pipesbeing cleaned from leaking into the MIC tanks through
faulty valves were not installed.
Because of this, and of the bad maintenance, the workers
consider it possible for water to have accidentally enteredthe tank.
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FAILURE OF SEVERAL SAFETY SYSTEMS
To reduce energy costs, the refrigeration system was idle. The MIC
was kept at 20 degrees Celsius, not the 4.5 degrees advised by the
manual.
Only one gas scrubber was operating: it could not treat such a large
amount of MIC with sodium hydroxide(caustic soda), which would
have brought the concentration down to a safe level.
The MIC tank alarms had not worked for four years.
The water pressure was too weak to spray the escaping gases from
the stack. They could not spray high enough to reduce the
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Another reason: Danger signs ignored
Local journalist Rajkumar Keswanihad been warning that theCarbide plant was unsafe and thatits management was aware ofthis.
In 1981, a gas leak had killed oneworker. In 1982, 25 workers were
hospitalized after another gasleak. Dangerous amounts ofwater entered a tank containingmethyl isocyanate gas.
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The sto ry d idn 't jus t begin on
December 3 and end onDecember 4,1984. It is s ti l l
continuing.
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About the company
UCIL was the
Indian subsidiary
ofUnion CarbideCorporation
(UCC)
Union Carbide a
subsidiary of
Dow
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Carbide -
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Civil and criminal cases are pending in the UnitedStates District Court, Manhattan and the DistrictCourt of Bhopal, India, involving UCC, UCILemployees, and Warren Anderson, UCC CEO atthe time of the disaster.
In June2010, seven ex-employees, including theformer UCIL chairman, were convicted in Bhopalof causing death by negligence and sentenced totwo years imprisonment and a fine of about $2,000each, the maximum punishment allowed by law.
An eighth former employee was also convicted,but died before judgment was passed.
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Recent news:-Dow will sponsor London
Olympics: British PM David Cameron
Union Carbide still faces
charges of culpable homicide
in Bhopal in relation to the
disaster. The activists claimed
that the evidence includes US
court documents that provethat Dow traded Union
Carbide products in India,
thus violating a 1992 court
order.
Ethically,Dow Chemicals
must not be allowed tosponsor London 2012
Olympics as it is a successor
company of Union Carbide,
which was responsible for the
Bhopal gas tragedy.
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