bhaskaracharya coll 03_12_07
TRANSCRIPT
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FUNDAMENTALS OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY
SHRIRAM INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH19, UNIVERSITY ROAD, DELHI-110 007
Email : [email protected] Website : www.shriraminstitute.org
Presented by :Dr. R.K. KHANDAL
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1. Fundamentals vis-à-vis Applied
2. Understanding Fundamentals of Chemistry
3. Chemistry for Life Support Systems
4. Driving Force for Applied Chemistry
5. Applied Chemistry; Value Addition
6. Chemistry: Past, Present and Future
7. Applications of Chemistry in Various Areas
8. Role of Chemistry in Sustainable Development
Outline of the Presentation
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Fundamentals vis à vis Applied
Fundamentals
Research
Understanding
Conception
Reasoning (How?)
Description
Value
Applied
Development
Explain
Demonstrate
Use
Improve
Value addition
Unless applied, fundamentals remain dormant; convert knowledge into product
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Understanding Chemicals
Fundamentals
Physical characteristics• State • Stability
Chemical characteristics• Nature• Functionality
Reactivity
Applied forStorage
Preservation
Safety
Designing of new chemicals
New materials and products
Understanding of fundamental chemistry always helps in meeting the challenges through applied chemistry
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Understanding Fundamentals
Fundamentals
Electronic structure
Nuclear constitution
Atoms and molecules
Functionality
Heat transfer
Speed and order
Lattice structure
Oxidation-reduction
Applied Periodic table
Radioactivity & Nuclear Chemistry
Compounds (Synthetic
Chemistry)
Polymers and Organic Chemicals
Thermodynamics
Kinetics
Alloys
Metals Applied chemistry plays an important role in
the development and growth
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Life Support Systems
Survival
Chemistry for Life Support System
Materials Energy
Water
Air
Food
Consist of materials made up of Inorganic, Organic and Bio-chemicals; all chemicals
Housing
Infrastructure
Transport
Bio-Fuel
Petroleum & Coal
Nuclear
Life Support Systems
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Driving Force for Applied Chemistry
Industrial Challenges
Material Challenges
Value Addition
Sustainability
All challenges lead to opportunities for applied chemistry in various industrial sectors; results in value addition and each time the research is applied
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Use of Sugar (Carbohydrate)
Smell of Garlic (Diallyl disulphide)
Use of Salt (Sodium chloride)
Red hot chillies (Capsaicin)
Applied Chemistry; Value Addition
Preservatives Pickles
Pickles and Medicines
Preservatives
Food Chemistry
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Ethylene
Vinyl acetate
Adhesives, paints & coating, copolymers
Disinfectants, sterilizing agent, fumigantsMEG-heat transfer fluid, PETDEG-softener, plastisizer, solventsPEG- cosmetics, ointments, pharma, lubricants
Ethylene oxide
Engineering plastic
Acetals
Antifreeze agent, automobilepolyester resins
Ethylene glycolLDPEHDPELLDPE
Packaging, molded itemspipes & tubes
Ethyl benzene
Styrenicplastic, paint
Value Addition Through Chemistry
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Phenol
Esters
Adipic acid
Resin-PF
Insulating foamFoundryAdhesiveCoatingMoulded items
Alkyl phenols
Cresol : LaminationNonyl phenols : Adhesives, emulsifiers p-tert. Butyl phenol : Adhesives
Aniline
Rubber chemicalsAgro ChemicalsPharmaceuticalsDye intermediates
Value Addition Through Chemistry
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Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
Fie
lds o
f C
hem
istr
y
PAST
PRESENT FUTURE
Polymer Chemistry
Textile Chemistry
Mineral Chemistry
Photo Chemistry
Material Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Biochemistry
Food/Agro Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Nano Chemistry
Combinatorial Chemistry
Green Chemistry
Polymer Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Radiation Chemistry
Chemistry : Past, Present & Future
The focus has shifted from basic chemistry to the applied chemistry
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Polymers
Applications of Polymer Chemistry
Packaging
Textile
Building Materials
Medicinal
Electronics
Lightweight
Durable
Cost effective
Variety
available
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Food wrapping/storage in skin, leaves and salts
Storage in Glass jars
Storage in Metal container
Storage in Plastic pouches
Retortable
Vacuum
Permeable
Aseptic
Early times…..
19th -20th century……
20th century……
21th century……
Chemistry in Packaging Industry
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Applications of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Drug designing
Growth rate of Pharma industry:
World : 8.0 % per year
India : 9.0 % per year
(Medical News Today, May 2005) Herbal medicines to become more popular !
Scientific studies would help to provide better alternatives for health care
Drug safety
Drug efficacy
Drug synthesis
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Agrochemicals
Applications of Agrochemicals
Herbicide, Insecticides, Nematocides
Preservatives
Manure
Fertilizers
Plant growth regulators
India 2nd largest manufacturer of crop protection chemicalsIndustry is worth of Rs. 3600 croreGlobal market $ 2700 million
•Minimum residue•Maximum degradation•High effectivity•Effective only at the
target
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Performance Chemicals
Applications of Performance Chemicals
Soaps, Surfactants & Detergents
Polymer additives
Personal care products
Food additives
Flavors & Fragrances
• Multifunctional• Synergistic• Hyperactive• Selective• Environment friendly
MINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMERMINOR ADDITIVE & MAJOR PERFORMER
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Production with minimum area & minimum chemicals
Reasons for shifted focusArea
Agrochemicals
Long term effects & minimum side effects
Mileage with minimum wear & tear & minimum pollution
Durability & versatility with minimum burden on environment
Comfort with minimum maintenance
Pharmaceuticals
Automobiles & oils
Plastics
Textiles
Mining
Paints & Coatings
Relevance of Trends Towards Performance Chemicals
Safety with minimum health hazards
Protection & aesthetics with minimum pollution
Soaps & Detergents Multifunctionality with minimum environmental burden
Leather Appearance & performance with minimum processing time
Cosmetics Aesthetics & skin friendly with no allergy
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Green Chemistry
Applications of Green Chemistry
Waste minimization
Separation Processes
Energy Efficiency
Catalysis
Process Intensification
• Also called sustainable
chemistry
• Encourages the design
of products &
processes that reduce
the use & generation of
hazardous substances
Safer reaction & reagents
Solvent replacement
Use of renewable feedstock
Minimize potential for accidentsAvoid chemical derivatives
Analyze in real time to prevent pollution
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Nanoparticles
Applications of Nano Chemistry
Defence
Bio Medical
Automative Industry
Space
Aerospace
• Emerging field
•Wide applications
Accelerometers
Pressure sensors
Drug infusion pumps
Microneedles
Glucometer
Air bags
Tyre pressure sensors
Fuel injection systems
Pressure sensors
Optical gyros
Propulsion systems
Health monitoring accelerometers
Pressure sensors
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Most important requirement of industry Improve our food chain system
• Basic for clinical laboratory tests
• Help physicians diagnose disease
• Quality of environment
• Remedial measures for contaminants
Quality assurance of raw materials
Quality assurance of products
Compositions for product
development
Impurities and toxic contaminants
Nutrients and label claims
Meet the statutory requirements
Evolve healthy & eco-friendly society Benchmarking of products and R & D Improving quality of life
Industry
Food
Environment
Air
Water
Soil
Functional Foods
Pharmaceuticals
Materials
Paints
Polymer/ Textiles
Metal/ Minerals
Cement
Fuels
Analytical Chemistry: Dimensions of Applications
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Energy
Environment
Food
New Materials
360° approach of development through Chemistry
Chemistry for Sustainable Development
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New Materials
Renewable starting materials
Water based reaction media
Present day chemistry challenges involves the development of alternatives with assured sustainability
Chemistry in Support of sustainability
Natural Catalyst Spontaneous reaction
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Environmentally benign feedstocks/synthesis
Pharmaceuticals
Greener solvents
Bio-based synthesis ad processing
Conversion of biomass to chemicals
Challenge for Chemists
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Everything in the cycle moves through chemicals
pertains to chemistry through bioprocesses
Sustainability is cyclic and irreversible and
hence, thermodynamically feasible, possible and
stable
Cradle
CHEMISTRY
Environment & Ecology
Biodiversity
Grave
Sustainability: Life Cycle & Chemistry
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THANK YOU