I CONFIDENTIAL

tJT II4a

iH'3TJNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN OI\N MALAYSIA

FINAL EXA]VIINATIONSEMESTER II

SESSTON 201212013

COURSENAME : HIGIIWAY ENGINEERING

COURSECODE : BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

PROGRAMME : 3 BFF

EXAMINATIONDATE : JUN 2013

DURATION : 2 HOLIRS 30 MINUTES

INSTRUCTION : ANSWER ANY FOUR FROM FIVEQUESTIONS

TH1S OUESTTON PAPER CONSISTS OF TWENTY ONE (2I) PAGES

CONFIDENTIAL

Q1

BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

(a) The road basd layer will be construcr€d using the cnrshed rock iggregate. Theworks include the transportation ofmarerial from the quarry umil completion ofthecompaction work. Your plan consists ofphysical tesing ofthe aggregate and in-situdensity testing.

(D List FOUR (4) tests tbat should b€ conduded to the road base layer material.(4 marks)

(iD Usilg a suitable diagram, name aad briefly explain in-situ density testingmethod.

(5 narks)

(b) (D Chip seal is also hrown as surfac€ &essing or surfac! treatment. List the

technique in chip sealing.

( marks)

(iD Using a suitable diagram, explail tie effect ofchips spread rate.

(4marks)

(c) A laboratory California Beadrg ratio rest (CBR) specimeo was prepared using7,000 g dry soil and 3% moisture content. From previous laboratory compactiontesl, it was fiound that the optimum moisture content was I I 7o.

(D Determine the amount ofwater to be added to achieve the optimum moisture

content.

(iD Briefly describe the purpose oflaboratory compaction test.

(4 marks)

(4 rnarks)

BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

Q2 (a) There are fo* different types ofjoint placed itr concrete pavements. List atdbriefly describe the TWO (2) typ€ ofjoints used in concrete pavements

(4 marks)

O) A sixJane concrete pavement designed with doweled joints and concteteshoulders have been construded for a metopolitaD area This concrete pavement

was laid on a 150 mm thick cemenl-stabilized srbbasq which the single axel andtandem axles slress ratio faclors were designed as 0.28 and 0.24, and erosioofactors as 2.28 and 2.31, respeclively.

The expected single and tandem axles load are given in Tablc Q2(a). Thefollowing data have been provided;

Concrae modulus of rupture, Mn - 4.2 I MPaLoad safety factor = L2Design period = 20 years

frulu Qz("), g*p""ted repetitiors

Aie lord ftfO Elpccacd Repctitions2_100

t2s 5.800l l5 18.900

107 44,20098 106.50089 168.00080 235,500

F

231 l -90012.800

195 105.400t78 2't5.000t60 60't,700t42 8l1.300t25 I. | 25,000

(D Based on equivalent stress value; daermine the l-value for rhe subgrade -subbas€ reaction.

(3 marks)

(iD Derermine the thickness ofconcrcte pavement.(4 marks)

(iiD Conduct fatigue and erosion damage analyses on this proposed concretepavement Based on your analyses, comment on the adequacy of the

concrete slab thickness.(14 marks)

Q3 (a) The embarkmlnt ofa proposed alternative road fiom Batu Pahat to Ayer Hitam is5 km long. The cross section ofthe embankment is shown in Figure Q3(a). Thespecifications require the embankment to be co&pacted to 95olo of the maximumdry density accordirg to rhc B-S 1377 Compac-tion Test (2.5 kg rammer method).Tablc Q3(r) pres€nts the density of fill malerial a various conditiors

(D Detemine the volume of borrow pit material needed for I m3 of thecompacted road embankment.

(5 marks)

(ii) Detennine the volume of additional water needed for the whole volume ofembankment.

(5 marks)

(iD If the capacity of each hauling truck is l0 m3, determine the number oftrucks required to construct the embankmenl.

(5 matks)

O) List FOUR (4) matedals which are suitable for sub-base.(2 mark)

(c) Compaaion is an important process itr the preparalion oflhe road surface

(i) Describe the effect of compaction to Hor Mix Asphah (HMA) structurallayer.

( 3 marks)

(iD State TWO (2) pavement distresses which may occur due to inadequate

com'aqron (2 marks)

(iii) Name THR.Ef, (3) types ofcompaction equipment which are commonlywed in the construclion ofasDhalt concrete.

(3 mdks)

BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

4

BFC 31 802 / BFC 3M2

Q4 (a) In a pavemeni condition srrvey the following distresses were observed at a 500m seclion ofa road:

Thqe n'as large number of pot holes, many places where alligator cracks anddeflection discernible to the naked eye were observed when heaw vehiclespassed over the depress€d area.

(D What are rhe possible causes ofth€ defects?

( marks)

(ii) Suggest the appropriate treatment for the road section.(4 marks)

O) Evaluation on the ctttrent pavement condition ofa section ofroad indicates thatsingle bituminous surface treatment (SBST) is suitable treatment. The road is atwo lane two direction. Traffc datq sand patch test results, and the size ofaggregate to be used ate as follow:

Average Daily Traffig ADT :600vpdAverage Least Dimension ofaggregatg AI-D : 15mm

Trblc Q4(r): Sand patch tesl results:

NoDiameter of sand circle,

D (mm)I 2002 2253 2304 2to

O Elaborate what is 'the cunent condition" that warrants the application oISBST in this case.

(5 marks)

(iD Based on average diameter of sand circle, determine the residual binderand aggregate rate of application.

(5 marks)

(c) (D Explain how Pavement Managemen System (PMS) can assist roadauthority in maintailing the road network.

(3 marks)

(iD Explain the difference between network and project levels pavementmanagement

(4 marks)

BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

Q5 (a) What are the eilecrs ofmoisture on roads to the following:

(D Road traffic and safety

(n) Pavemeot stsucture

(nD Subgrade soil

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

(2 marks)

(b) Highway drainage can be categorized as surfacr, subsurface and crossdrainage. State the function and sketch ONE (r) example for each tlpe ofthose dIainages.

(6 narks)

(c) State FOUR (4) common drainage maintenance prcblems.(a nDrks)

i(d) In order to rcduce the dsk of landslides at hill roads, the following elements

must be maintained. Describe the maintenance activilies ofeach element listedbelow and the probable effects thar may happen if such activities wereignored.

(D Slope(3 marks)

(iD Draimge(3 marks)

(iiD Gutters and downspouts(3 marks)

- IND OF QUESTTONS -

BFC 31802 /BFC 3042

TERJEMAHAI\' SOAI.AN

Sl (a) Lapisar lapak jalan dibina menggunakan batuan agregat terhancur. Kerja te$€butmerangkumi pengangkutan bahan dari kuari sehingga selesai kerja-kedapernadatal Pelaksarlaa.o kerja tersebut mengandungi ujikaji fizikal agregat danujikaji ketunpatatr di tapak,

(D Semraikan EMPAT (4) ujikaji yang perlu dijalankan ke atas bahan bagilapisan tapakjalan

(4 markah)

(iD Dengan bantuan gambarajah, namakan dan huraikan tujuan ujikajiketumptan di tapak t€rselut.

(5 markah)

O) (D Chips seal jru8r^ dikendi sebagai perlindungan permukaan atau rawatan

permukaan. Semraikan teknik dalam kaelzh perydiazn Chips seal.

(4 markah)

(ii) Dengar bantuan gambarajd jelaskan kesan keatas kadar hampann chip

(4 markah)

(c) Sample ltian CaliJomia Bedr@ ratio (CBR) makmal telah disediakar

menggunakan 7,000 g tanah kering dan kandungan lembapan 3 %. Daripada ujikaji

pemadatan, didapati kandungan lembapan optimum adalah I I o/o.

(iiD Tentukaa arnaun air yang perlu dioptimum lembapan.

tambah untuk mencapai kandungan

(4 markah)

(iv) Tera4kan secara ringkrs tujuan ujikaji pemadaran di makmal.(a markah)

BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

52 (a) Terdapat f,MPAT (4) perbezaan jenis sambungan yang diletakkan di dalamrurapaa konkrit. Seiarai dao terangkan secara ringkas DUA (2) jenis sambunganyang digunakao dalam turapan konkit tersebut.

(4 markah)

O) Enam lorong konlqit tuapan yang direka dengan sambungan berkebar dan bahujalal berko*rit telah dibina bagi kawasan metopolitan. Turapatr konlsitdilaakkan diatas subtapak s€tebal 150 mm yarg relah disetabilkar menggunakansimeq dimana nisbah faktor tekamn unnrk gandar tunggal dan beriring telahdireka sebagai q28 dan 0.24, dan faclor hakisan adalah 2.28 dan 2.31, masilg-ma$ng.

Jangkaan beban gandar tunggal dan beriring diberikan dalan Jadual Q2(r).Data berikut telah disediakan:

Modulus konkrit pecah. Ma = 4.21MPaBeban falitor k€selamaran = 1.2Tempoh reka bettuk = 20 tahun

J.dual Q2(a): Jangkaan pembebanan ulangan

oo

Bcbrtr grDdrr(kN)

Pembcbrnrn IJhngaDvanc diiansktkNn

2.100t25 5,800I l5 18.900107 44.20098 106-500

89 168-000

80 235-500

231 l,90012.800

t95 105.400178 275-OOO

160 607.700t42 8l1.300t25 1.125-000

(D Berdasarkan kepada nilai tegangan sctata, tentukan nilai I bagi tindakansubgred dengan lapisan suFasas.

(j markah)

(iD Tentukan kerebalan lapisan turapan konkril tersebut.(4 markah)

(iii) Kendalikan analisis kelesuan dan kerosakan akibat hakisan ke atasturapan konkrit cadangan tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis anda berikankomen tentang kesesuaian ketebalan turapan konkrit tersebut.

(14 ma*ah)

BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

(a) Penambakar sepanjang 5 km relah dicadatrgkan di jalan alternatif ;aripada BatuPahat ke Ayer Hitaln. Keratan rentas iambakatr ters€but ditunjuk*an di dalamRajeh Q3. Spesifikasi memerlukan tambakan dipadatkafl sehingga 95% daripadanilai ketumpatan kering maksimum yang diperolehi daripada Ujian PemadatanB.S 1377 (kaedah hentamar 2.5 kg). Jadual Q3(a) menunjukkan kelumpatanbahan tambakar dalam pelbagai keadaan.

(i) Kkakan isipadu bahan pinjam yang diperlukan untuk I mr penambakanjalan yang telah dipadatkan.

(5 markah)

(iD Kirakatr isiladu tambahan air yang diperlukan untuk keseluuhan isipadutambakan.

(5 markah)

(iii) Knakan bilangan lori pengangkut yang diperlukan untuk pembinaantambakjika kapasiti setiap lori pengangkut adalah l0 rn'.

(5 rnarkah)

(b) Nyatakan EMPAT (4) bahan yang sesuai digunakan untuk lapisan sub-tapak.(2 markah)

(c) Pemadaan merupakan pros€s yang penting dalam penyediaan lapisan permukaanjalan raya.

(D Nyatakan kesan pemadatan terhadap struktur lapisan asfalt.( 3 markah)

(iD Berikan DUA (2) kerosakar turapan yang mungkin b€lpunca daripadapemadata! yang tidak sempuma.

(2 markah)

(iii) Nanakan TIGA (3)jenis peralatan pedladatan yang biasanya digunakandalam pembinaan lapisan asfalt.

(3 markah)

s4

BFC 3r802 / BFC 3042

(a) Satu tinjauan kondisi turap zn (pawment condition srrw.y) pada jalan sepranjang500 m mendapati kecacatan permukaan turapan sepeni berikut:

Didapari sejumlah lubaog retak buaya dibatryak rempat, dan pesongalpenrmkaan nampak secara keran apabila kerdera8n b€rat melalui bahagianturapan yang mengendap.

(D Apakah kemungkinan punca dari kerosakan tersebut?

(a markah)

(iiD Cadangkan penambah baikan yang sesuai.

(a markah)

(b) Penilaian kondisi semasa turapan pada satu bahagian jalan mengindikasikanbahawa tindakan pemuliharaan berupa single bituminoxs sntace treqrrnentfSaS? adalah se$ai untuk dijalankan. Jalan berkenaan adalah jalan dua halandengan dua loroag. Dara trafik, dan keputusan ujiLaji sad patch daa saizagregat yang akan digunapakai adalah sebagi berikut:

Purata trafik harian = 600 kendaraan Der hariPurata ukurar terkecil agegat (ALD) = 15mm

JNdud Q4{r): Keputusan ujikaji sand patch

No Diameter bundar pasir,D (run)

2002 2253 230

2lo

(D Terangkan keadaan semasa yang boleh menjustifikasi SBST di dslarn keslnt.

(5 markah)

(iD Berdasarkan purata keputusan $ikaji mnd patch,penggunaan bitumen dan agregat per satuan luas

dapatkan jumlah

(5 markah)

(D Teraagkan bagaimana Sistem Pengurusan Turapan (PawmentMdrngemenl System, PMSI boleh membantu penguatkuasa jalan raya didalam pemeliharaan rangkaian jalan'

(3 markah)

(D Terangkan perbezaan dirangkaian dan projek.

antara pengurusan turapan pada peringkat

(4 markah)

(c)

IO

BFC 31802 /BFC 3042

35 - (a) Apakah kesan-kesan kelembapan pada jalan raya terhadap perkara berilort:

(D l,alulintas dan keselamatxt jzlan rzy"(2 markah)

(iD Struktur turapan jalan raya(2 tDarkah)

(iiD Tattah subged(2 ttIa*ah)

(b) Saliranjalanraya dikategorikan sebagai saliran permukaan, sub permukaan danmelirtang berikatr fungsi dan lakarkan SATU (l) contoh setiap jenis.

(6 markah)

(c) Nyatakan EMPAT (,1) masalah yang serilg berlaku semasa penyelenggaraanparit jalaruaya.

(a markah)

(d) Bagi rnengurangkan risiko tanah runtuh di kawasan jalan berbukit, elemen-elemen berikut perlu dis€nggarakan. Terangkan akiviti penyenggaraan setiapelemen yang disenaraikan dibawah dao akibar yang boleh berlaku jikapenyenggaraan tersebut tidak dilakukan.

(D Cerun(3 Ina*ab)

(ii) Sistem Saliran(3 narkah)

(iii) Talang dan saliran penurunan(3 markah)

- SOAI-AN TAMAT.

lt

BFC 31802 / BFC 3M2

SEMESTER,/SESSIONCOIJRSE NAME

FINAL EXAMINATION

I I mutmt3HICHWAY ENGINEERING

PROGRAMMECOIJRSE CODE

3 BFFBFC 31802

Table 2@): Effect ofurfreated subbase on k-values

Subgrade k value(Wa/tu) 100 mm l50mm 225 mm 300mm

204060EO

4564E7

26 32 3E

49576666769090 100 I 17

Table 2(c): Efect ofcement-trealed subbase on k-values

Table 2(d): Equivalent stress (with concrete shoulder)

l50mm 225 mm

Slabthickness (mm)

k of subcrade-subbase (MPa/m)

20 40 60 EO t40100I l0t20130140150t60t701601902002t0220230240250

4.188.483.6t8.073.2tn.752.95n.492.64D.272.44D.062.24 .932.0611.79t.9v1.67t.77n.571.65/t.481.55/1.40t.45/l.32| 37^.26t.29/L.20t.2ut.t4

3.65/3.l03.23/2.7 |2.48t2.412.&12.r72.36n.972.t5n.41t.97|t.66|.aat.54r.69t t.43| .s7 i.34t.46/L.26t .37

^.19t.29/L.12| 2v1.01l l511.01r.08/0.9?

3.31t2.942.99n.562.67n.262.41n.o22.r9/L.832.00^.671.84/t.531.7011.421.57^.321A6n.23t.37/l.t6t.2u1.09t.20/l.o3I l3/0.9t1.0710.93l.0l/0.E8

319/2.t52.E3n.472.54n.t72.29/L.942.0u1.751.90/1.59|.7511.46|.6Al.35| 50n.25|.40/l.17L30/t.10t.2al.03t.t5to.97l.0t/0.92r.02t0.E'l0.9?/0.83

2.E5D.742.55/2.352.29D.052.01^.42Lt9/1.63|.73/l.48L59/1.351.4ut.24|.371t.15t.2u t.o7l.l9l1.00t.t210.931.05/0.880.99/0.t30.9410.79o.89/O.7s

(Single axle/Tanden axle)

t2

. FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER/SESSIONCOTJRSE NAME

\ | 20tz20l3HIGIIWAY ENCINEERING

PROGRAMMEMURSE CODE

] BFFBFC 31802

Tatrle 2(e): Equivalent sress (without concrete shoulder)

Table 2(f): Erosion factors (doweled joints, without concrete shoulder)

Slabrhiclcress (mml

l of subrc-adc-subbase (MPar'D)

20 40 60 80 t40t00

0t20130140150160

170

180

t902002t0220230240250

5.42t4.394.748.844.198.473.75t3.t43.37t2.873.06t2.42.'192.452.56t2.2t2.37t2.t42.19t2.012.04n.90|.9vt.79t.79/t.70t.6t/1.621.58/1.551.49l1.4E

4.758.434.t6/3.353.69n.943.302.682.91n.432.10n.232.47t2.M2.26/l.912.@11.79l.94lt.67l.t0/1.581.68/1.49r.57it.411.48/1.341.3911.28t.32/L.22

4.3E/3.593.a58.t23.41D.753.O6t2.462.76t2.232.5tD.M2.29/l.872.to/l.741.94/l.62r.80/t.51t.6' t.421.56/1.34|.461r.21t.3t/1.2r1.30/l. t51.22/t.09

4.t313.443.63n.973.23n.622.89t2.332.6v2.tO2.31/l.922.t7^.76t.99lt.631.84/1.51t.'t vl.41L59/l.33|.481t.25L39/t.l8|.3U t.t2|.23/1.06l. t611.01

3.66t3.223.23D.762.4tn.402.59t2.t32.34/t.902.t311.72|.95/l.s7r.80/1.45t.661t.34|.54n.25|.43t t.t7t.34l1.10|.26^.03l. t E/0.98l.l t/0.931.05/0.88

(Single axle/Tandem axle)

Slabthickness (mm)

i of subcrade-subbasc (MPa/m)

20 40 60 80 140

t00I l0t20130

t40I50160170It0190

2002t0220230240250

3.16/3.403.6313.113.52t3.613.74/3.523 3ti3.433.2213.363.t4/3.283 06/3.222.99/3.162.92t3.t02 85/3.052.79/2.992.73/2.952.61n.902.62t2.862.s7 /2.80

3.758.793.AR.6t3.5orj.563.3913.473.30/3.383.2v3.303.1v3.223.04/3.152.97R.092.mB.O32.a3n.972.17/2.922.71t2.872 65n.t22.60t2.782.54t2.73

3 748.773.6t/3.653 49rJ.543.39/3.443.29t3.353.20t3.273.r l/3.193.03t3.t22. /3.M2.4u2.992 4u2.942.7 S/2.882.69n.432.64n.782.5a/2.'132.53t3.69

3.'t4R.163.6t8.633.498.523.38/3.433.28t3.333.t913.253.10t3.r73.0u3.102.95t3.O32.8E12.972.81/2.912.75/2.862.69t2.802.$n.752.57/2.7 |2.52/2.66

3.728.123.598.603.4713.493.3713.393.2113.303.t7t3.213.0913.t33.01/3 062 93n.992.a612.932.'t912.8'l2.73/2.E12.6'1/2.762.6tn.702.55t2 662.50/2.61

(Single axl€/Tadem axle)

BFC 3i802 / BFC 1042

l3

BFC 3t802 / BFC 3042

FINAL EXAMINAIION

SEMESTER/SESSION : II l20lA20B PROGRAMME : 3BFFCOUR.SE NAME : HIGI{IVAYENGINEERING COURSE CODE : BFC 31802

Table 2(g): Erosion faclors (doweled joints, with concrere shoulder)

Slabrhiclness (rm)

; of subrradc-subbase (MPa/m)20 40 60 80 140

100ll0t20130140150160

170lE01902002t0220230240250

3.278.253.t68.163.05/3.0t2.96/].012.81D.942.'19t2.t82.7Nn.422.6412.112.57t2.722.5tn.672.45t2.632.39n.582.34t2.542.29t2.502.24D.462.t912.43

3.24t3.173.D8.0'l3.Otn.982.9U2.902.8U2.432.74D.',|72.612.112.59t2.652.5212.602.46t2.562.40t2.512.34t2.4'l2.29t2.432.23t2.392.t4t2.352.14t2.31

3.22n.43. t0/3.032.99n.932.t9D.852.t0D.772.'t2D.7l2.64D.652.5112.59250n.542.4312.49231n.44231n.402.26n362.21n322.t612.282.tU2.24

3.2t8.t23.09/3-002.gan.N2.88t2.812.74t2.742.70t2.672.642.ffi2.55t2.5s2.48t2.492.4v2.442.35t2.402.29t2.352.24t2.3t2.t912.272.t3n.232.09t2.20

3.17/3.I l3.05D.942.94D.862.Un.162.75t2.672.6112.60259n.532.5v2.462.44t2.4r2.38t2.352.31D.312.26t2.262.2012.222.t5D.t82.10n.t42.05t2.to

(Single an€/Tandem ane)

Tabte 2(h): Erosion factors (aggregate-interlock joinrs, without corcrete shoulder)

Slabfiickrcs! (mm)

t of subsrade-subbase (MPa/m)20 40 60 t0 I40

100ll0120130

I40t50t60l?0It0190

2002to220230240750

3.94t4.003.ta3.x3.71/3.813.6t/"J.133.52/3.63.43R.59

3.28R.483.218.423.t58.373.09t3.333.Mt3.282.98t3.242.938 202.a98.t62.84/3.t3

3.9213.933.79t3.823.68'/3.733.58/3.653.4913.5'l3.40/3.5033U3.433.24t3.373.t113.323.rv3.273.0413.222.99/3.t72.938.132.88/3.O92.83/3.0s2.7A3.01

3.90/3.903.788.793.67t3.693.56t3 @3.47R.523.38R.453.30/3.38

3.t58.263.O8/3.213.02t3.t62.96t3.t12.9{.8.072.85/3.032.80t2.992.75t2.95

3.88/3.883.7613.763.65i3.63.55/3.573.46i3.493.37 /3.423.29t3.353.2v3.283.14/3.233.078 17

3.01t3.122.95i3.O72.89/3.032.E312.982.1aD.942.73/2.91

3.848.843.143.723.6U3.623528.s23.43t3.433.348.363.26t3.2E3.t88.223.1lB.l63.04R.l02.98t3.0529U3.002.46t2.952.80n.912.75t2.662.70/2.82

l4

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTEWSESSION : II l2onfnB PROCRAMME : 3 BIFCOURSE NAME : HIGHIVAY ENGINEERING @IJRSE CODE : BFC 31802

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f rsoieoo i / uno P "l €E 'tro ) ,oo f [ .^E '+FtIf')ii ttof zzo .H fo.so I121

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i f o.sn 'loofrzo freo ]soTrooA .i,

aoloo f r 5, .,ooj

Figure Q2(a) Fatigue Analysis - Allowable repetitions based on stress ratio factor (with orwithout concrete shoulder)

t5

BFC 3I802 / BFC 3M2

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTEfuSESSIONCOIJRSE NAME

\ | 2oDnoBHIGITWAY ENCINEERING

PROCRAMMECOI,IRSE CODE

3 BFFBFC 31802

100,o00,000260250240230220210200190180170

160

150140

o 13O

= 120

g 110ti .t 00.9

*ieo-g

'Bo

60

+TTT+tr+

I

520s004AO460440420400340360go320

3002AO

260 e24o E

^^^ -9

2o0 E-99

180 :

160 g

- 1.6

- 1.8

- 2.O

- 2.6

- 3.0

-3.2

10,o00,0@

;

100,000

6

140

12010,000

Figure Q2(b) Erosion Analysis - Allowable repetitions based on erosion factor(with concrete shoulder)

l6

SEMESTER/SESSTONCOTJRSE NAME

FINAL EXAMINATION

II I2OI2T]JJr3 PROGRAMME : SBFFHIGIIWAY ENGINEERINC COURSE CODE : BFC3I802

26O'-r 520250 -+ 5002l|{) -+480230 -t460*o+uo21O+ 42O200 t 4001e0 t 380

180_|_360170 +340160 +3201so t3oo140t280

e 130_|260

I rzo{zao€',,,oIrro-_lE 100 + 200

-9lI eot18o

6 eott6oI

70T14o

I

60 -r 120

I

I50tloo

I

T,o -L ro

100.000,000;6

?2.O

10,000,000

2.4

2.6

2.4

5

dIg

E

.9I

3.0

9.-9

;

3.2

3-4

3.6

3.8

4.0

1000

Figure Q2(c) Erosion Analysis - Allowable repetitions based on erosion factor(withoul concrete shoulder)

t'7

BFC 31802 / BFC 3(X2

SEMESTEN./SESSION PROGRAMME : 3 BFFCOURSE

Student

COURSECODE : BFC 3l ao2

Matric No.:

Note include it in your answer script.

Trial Thickness

Subbase - subgrade, k _MPa,hModulus of rupture. MR : MPa Design period

Load saraly tado., LSF

8. Equivalent slress : 10. Erosion hctorg S-tress ratio factor

SirEh Alles

1 1 . Equvalenl stress i 13. kosion factor

12 Stess ralio tador

E4E!IE

Total =

Figure Q2(d): Concrete Pavement Design Wotksheet

(kN)Muhipiied by

LSFE pect€drepetitbns

Fatigue analysis Erosion analysis

Fatigue Damag€

2 3 5 6 7

l8

BFC 31802 / BFC 3042

FINAL f,XAMINATION

SEMESIER/SESSION :

COT,IRSE NAME ..

If t 20lu20t3HTGHWAY ENGINEERING

PROCRAMMECOIJRSE CODE

J 3 BFF: BFC 31802

Student Name: Matric No.

i/ole: Ifyou are answering Q4, urilise this sheet and include it in your answer script.

RDSIDUAL BINDER RATE OF APPLICATIONR=(0.138tALD+4x t:l

Sard CircbDmeEr

(nm), O

150

160

155

t'l0175

t80

185

190

195

200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

2n300

325

350

400

500

BinlnPnneeded o fill surf&e

voit (l/m), 'e"

Trdic in larc(vpd/lae)

5

l0

20

30

40

50

75

100

150

200

300

.t00

500

750

1.000

l,5m

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

T.

. 0.49

0.45

0.39

0.37

0.34

0.32

0.30

0.29

0.27

0.25

0.22

o.20

0.l8

0.l6

0.14

0.l3

0.12

0.1I

0.1|

0.09

0.07

0.05

0.03

0.00

1.596

1.523

1.45t

1.409

t379

r.355

t.314

t.2u

t.242

r.2t2

1.170

1.140

Ll l7

t.074

L004

L002

0972

0.930

0.900

O.ATI

' Smd Patdr T€$ widr 45 ml volume of sand

Figure Q4{a): Residual binder rate of application

20

BFC 31802 i BFC 1042

FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMES'IER/SESSION I rlml2rmr3 PROGRAMME : 3 BFFCOURSE NAME : HIGIIWAY ENGINEERING COT RSE CODE : BFC 3lm2

Uselul Fomtla;

ButhingJacror =-,:mm r rt

Volumeofcvfinder. u -- -", R = (o.t38 ALD + el T, 11lar'z): c = 4!9 m'/m'4 666

.

2l