beyond the bias and barriers - what we have done in these ......1 beyond the bias and barriers -...

1

Beyond the bias and barriers

- What we have done in these 10 years in STEM field in Japan-

Tokyo, Japan, March 2, 2017 　

Issues on Work and Life Balance in Asia　

AASSA - SCJ Workshop on "Role of Science for Inclusive Society"

Hisako Ohtsubo1, Haruko Ogawa2, Megumi Sato3, Noriko Hirata-Kohno4

1SeniorResearcher,NihonUniversity.Email:[email protected],OchanomizuUniversity.Email:[email protected]

3Lecturer,NihonUniversity.Email:[email protected],NihonUniversity.Email:[email protected]

LowRaJoofFemaleResearchersinJapan

2

•  NumbersofFemaleResearchersareincreasing.　

2005: 98,700（11.9%) --→　2016: 136,000（14.7%）

•  RaJoofthefemaleresearchersaresJlllow,becauseofthelowraJointhecompanies(8.2%).

Japan’sNumericalTarget:202030

1．OneNumericalTarget,30%by2020(2003)　(30%offemaleraJoinleadingposiJonsinalltheareainsociety)

2.   TwoBasicPlansEvery5years(since2005,2010,2015)1)TheBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology2)TheBasicPlanforGenderEquality3.ThreeProgramsbyMEXT(2006~present)1)Suppor<ngAc<vi<esforFemaleResearchers(2006~)

Suppor<ngPosi<veAc<vi<esforFemaleResearchers(2009-2011)　　(“KASOKU-Program/AcceleraJon-Program)

2)RestartPostdoctoral(RPD)Fellowship(2006~)3)SupportforFemaleHigh-SchoolStudentsintoScience(2006~)

Policies&MeasuresSupporJngGenderEqualityinSTEMFieldinJapan

4

％

男女雇用機会均等法 BasicLawfora

Gender-EqualSociety

科学技術基本法

第2期科学技術基本計画

第3期科学技術基本計画モデル育成事業 RPD制度理系選択支援

加速プログラム

第4期科学技術基本計画

年 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

合計(理工農)

教授(理工農)

助(准)教授(理工農)

講師(理工農)

助教+助手(理工農)

助手(理工農)

助教(理工農)

合計(全体)

2004

独法化

Increase of Female Ratio of Researchers in STEM　

4

EqualEmploymentOpportunityLaw

TheBasicActonScienceandTechnology

The2ndBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology

The4thBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology

MegumiSatoetal.,Transac9onsofNihonUniversitySchoolofDen9stry44,69-75

The3rdBasicPlanforScienceandTechnology

5

Almost100Universi9es/Ins9tu9onshavebeenpar9cipa9ngintheseMEXTPrograms.　(2006~present)

1.  SupporJngAcJviJesforFemaleResearchers(2006~)“CommonPrograms”amongtheIns9tu9onsNextslides!!

“Uniqueself-checksystem”(2010–present)•  OchanomizuUniversity

SupporJngPosiJveAcJviJesforFemaleResearchers“KASOKU-Program”/Accelera9on-Program(2009-2011) GoodExamples:

•  KyushuUniversity•  NagoyaUniversity

2.  RestartPostdoctoral(RPD)Fellowship(2006~)“Restartfromchildcareleave”

Akindof“QuotasSystem”broughtspillovereffects

6

h_p://www.kyodo-sankaku.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Up-skillingProgram

Work-LifeBalance

MentoringProgram

GenderEqualityOffice

On-CampusNursery

ClimateChange

On-CampusChildcareAPerschool

SupportforWomenStudents

SupporRngProgram

HeForShe(UNWomen)

VariousProgramsforPromoJngGenderEqualitybyNagoyaUniversity

AnnualReports

LocalNetworking

hdp://www.kyodo-sankaku.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jp

7

•  Since2010~present•  In2016,

ExcelSheetsto98ins9tu9ons.41,recovered(41.8%recovery)

•  50quesRons→�100points•  Averagescore:61.8points

Top:80points,Bo\om:17points•  Popularitems:

ü  SetuptheOrganiza9on(eg:GEOffice)

ü  Offeringinforma9onsupportviaHomepage

ü Takingmeasurestopreventsexualharassment

•  Varioususe:ü  self-checkandfollowchangesover

theyears,ü  data-basedevidencefornego9a9on

tothetop.

“OchadaiIndex”,ASelf-CheckINDEXforlevelingthefield

①

②

③

④

⑤

⑥

⑦②

③

⑤

①

④

⑦

⑥

hdp://www-w.cf.ocha.ac.jp/leader/cosmos/contents/consolidaJon/ochaindex/howtoochaindex/

8

“KASOKU-Program”/Accelera9on-ProgramWomenResearchersPromoJonProgrambyKyushuUniversity

bycourtesyofProf.ErikoJotaki@KyushuUniversity

Twostepscompe99onarerequiredinselec9onprocedure.

Quali9esofcandidatesaswellasmo9va9onofthedepartmentsareexamined.

(2009~2018)

9

“KASOKU-Program”/Accelera9on-ProgramNoonecouldsayanymore“Isthereanyfemaleapplicants?”andsoon,

Suchas“Itisdeteriora9onofacademiclevel”!!

bycourtesyofProf.ErikoJotaki@KyushuUniversity

High spillover effect was observed!

Quotas

Numbers of Female Faculty Members

1010

DivisionofBiologicalSc.i,GraduateSchoolofSci.,NagoyaUniv.h_p://www.bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp/introduc9on.html

2006 2016

ThreeisamagicNumber!

bycourtesyofProf.NarieSasaki@NagoyaUniversity

Dras9cIncreasein11yearsinBiologyDivision@Nagoya-U.

NumbersofAwardeesIncludingtheconJnued

fellows

Applicant

Awardee

AdopJonrate

63.2

90

10.5

3.7

10.5

1.710.5

3.15.3 1.4

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

RPD PD

JobsaPer5years

unemployedpart-<mejobpart-<meresearcherpostdocfull-<meresearcher

RPD*：Advancementinthepastdecade*:RestartPstdctoralFellow¥362,000/monthfor3yrs

2006　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2016

2006　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2016

NumbersofApplicants&Awardees

h_ps://www.jsps.go.jp/j-pd/rpd_gaiyo.html

12

TheassociaJonof90academicsocieJesinSTEM(2015)　

12

EPMEWSE ─ Renraku-kai (established at 2002)JapanInter-SocietyLiaisonAssocia9onCommi_eeforPromo9ngEqualPar9cipa9onofMenandWomenin

ScienceandEngineering(EPMEWSE)<h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/en/index.html>

1.  Large-scalesurveysevery5years2.  ProposalsandRequeststotheGovernment3.  Annualsymposiumeveryfall4.  SurveysoffemaleraJoineachsocieJes5.  Summercamp&Workshopforhigh-schoolgirls

TheMajorRolls

13

VisibilitySurveysofFemaleScien9stsinScien9ficSocie9es&Scien9ficMee9ng

LargeScaleSurveysevery5years

Analysis&Reports

Proposals&Requests

WELCOMEtoEPMEWSE:EnglishHomepageh_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/en/index.html

VisibilityoftheFemaleScienJstsinScienJficSocieJes

TheMathema9calSocietyofJapan

TheChemicalSocietyofJapan

PhysiologicalSocietyofJapan

ThePhysicalSocietyofJapan

TheZoologicalSocietyofJapan

Ordinarymembers

Studentmembers

President/VPs

Directors

SpeakersinvitedtoSymposium

Organizers:MenonlyMen&Women

Arewevisibleenoughinthescien9ficsocie9es?WeseeUnconsciousBiaseverywhere!

HommaMK.,MotohashiR.andOhtsuboH.GenestoCells18(07):529-532(2013)

hdp://annex.jsap.or.jp/renrakukai/doc_pdf/2013_raJo/2013_raJo_table.pdf

FemaleRa<ooftheSocie<es(2013)

(10/82havefemaleP/VP.)

15

Large-ScaleSurveyinSTEMEvery5Years

15

The3rdLarge-ScaleSurveyofActualCondiRonsofGenderEqualityinScienRficandTechnologicalProfessions

August2013

ContentsoftheReport:Chapter1　SummaryofResultsChapter2GenderGapinJobPosi9onsChapter3ChildandNursingCareChapter4Limited-termEmploymentandPostdocsChapter5ProgramsandPoliciesChapter6Wri_enComments

81ScienRficSocieResinSTEMfield,Surveywasdoneinthefallof2012Numbersofrespondents:16,314(Male11,958&Female4,356)h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdf

Under39

NumbersofchildreninyoungergeneraJonNumbers of children Numbers of children

they wish and they could

More than two children are desired, but it is difficult for younger generations.

ThereasonswhytheydonothavechildrenfinancialmaderMen

Women difficulttomaintaincareerandfamily

Male Female Male Female

Over400.9at40yearsold

h_p://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdf

17

Heavyfamilyresponsibilitytowomen’sside(2007)

in the Lab

http://www.djrenrakukai.org/2007enquete/h19enquete_report_v2.pdf�

Shorterworkinghours(11-14hrs/week)intheLab

Longerworkinghours(20hrs/week)athome

Female<Male Female>Male

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Male

Female

00.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55

Male

Female

at home

Hoursatworkplaceperweek Hoursforhousehold&childcareperday

1818

ChildcareLeave:Therateisincreasing,but・・・

1368 700 272 1262

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

Didnottakeleave

Tookleave,butnotasrequested

Tookleaveasrequested

17737 17

32

78

247

19

134

8248

210

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

Didnottakeleave



7736 18

9

10

72

4

37

6

29

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Didnottakeleave



Male(Universi<es) Female(Universi<es) Female(Corpora<ons)

:

1135

21

241

59

32

10

666

154

118

70

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Male

FemaleWasunnecessary

Didnotwishtotakeleave

Homeenvironment

Workplaceenvironment

Noprovisionexisted

WhyParentswithPre-schoolChildrenDidNotTakeChildcareLeave!


RequirementsforBalancingFamilyandWork

0 20 40 60

仕事中心の考え方の変化

上司の理解職場の雰囲気

介護サービスの拡充勤務時間の弾力化

男女役割分担の意識の変化学童保育の拡充

休業中に自宅で仕事を継続できる仕組み病児保育

保育園のサービスの拡充女性

男性

％

ExpandedNurseryService

FlexibleWorkingHours

WorkplacesAtmosphere

SickChildCare

Changesin“workascenter”concepts

UnderstandingfromSupervisor

ChangesinmaleandfemalerollExpandedager-schoolcareforchildren

ExpandedNursing-caresirvice

VarietyofprovisionsforleaveofabsenceFemale

Male

Theanalysisof“The4thLarge-ScaleSurvey”isgoingonnow.Newdatawillbeopeninthisfall,2017.


DennisNormile記者（Science)

Science349Issue6244p127-128､July10,2015byDennisNormile,inTokyo

20

“WOMENINSCIENCE”,Interviewedby“Science”

References

21

TheLarge-ScaleSurvey:The3rdLarge-ScaleSurveyofActualCondiJonsofGenderEqualityinScienJficandTechnologicalProfessions(SurveyReport:ConciseSummary)hdp://www.djrenrakukai.org/doc_pdf/3rd_enq_report_en.pdfLejers,Ar<clesandInterviewsRepoｒｔｓ:1.HommaMK,MotohashiR.andOhtsuboH.:Japan'sLaggingGenderEquality.ScienceApr26;340(6131):428-30(2013)2.HommaMK.,MotohashiR.andOhtsuboH.:MaximizingthePotenJalofScienJstsinJapan:promoJngequalparJcipaJonforwomenscienJststhroughleadershipdevelopment.GenestoCells18(07):529-532(2013)3.SJllLessEqual:Japan’sgovernmentmustsJckbyitspromisetohelpwomen’scareerstoprosper.NatureEditorials,497535,30May,20134.JapanAimshighforgrowth:InnovaJoninscienceisattheheartofgovernmentplanstoboosttheeconomy.ByDavidCyranoski,NatureLe\ers,497548,30May,20135.WomeninScience:PlantodropgoalsforwomenroilsJapaneseScience:ChangesJrsdebateabouthowunderrepresentaJonofwomen.Science349Issue6244p127-128､July10,2015byDennisNormile,inTokyoURLs:KyushuUniv.:WomenResearchersPromoJonPrograms,hdp://wrp.kyushu-u.ac.jp/eng/busi/index.php#aNagoyaUniv.:hdp://www.kyodo-sankaku.provost.nagoya-u.ac.jpOchadaiIndex:hdp://www-w.cf.ocha.ac.jp/leader/cosmos/contents/consolidaJon/ochaindex/howtoochaindex/#aaa

Acknowledgement

22

WewouldliketothankProf.ErikoJotaki(KyushuUniversity)Prof.NarieSasaki(NagoyaUniversity)Prof.KazumiTsukada(OchanomizuUniversity)Dr.AkieNaito(OchanomizuUniversity)

forprovidingusimportantinformaJon.

beyond the bias and barriers - what we have done in these ......1 beyond the bias and barriers -...

Documents