beyond sustainability · source: steven beckers source: source: steven beckers 17/53 efficiency...
TRANSCRIPT
1
Peter Luscuere
Beyond Sustainability
Delft University of Technology
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Content
• Introduction, Challenges 8
• Energy, transistion 8
• Positive Footprints
– Energy 2
– Water 7
– Top Soil 7
– Materials, renewables 6
– Materials, technical 7
• Business 6 2/53
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Sustainability, dimensions
Scale level, from
- Molecular to
- Biosphere
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Sustainability, dimensions
Scale level, from
- Molecular to
- Biosphere
Vectors: Energy, Water, Top Soil, Materials
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3
Sustainability, dimensions
Challenges (Environmental liabilities):
- Biodiversity
- Health effects
- Climate Change
- Scarcity
Scale level, from
- Molecular to
- Biosphere
Vectors: Energy, Water, Top Soil, Materials
5/53
Challenges, Solutions, Ambitions and
Judgment
6/53
4
Efficiency & Effectiveness
• Efficiency is doing things right
• Effectiveness is doing the right things
Source: Steven Beckers 7/53
High boiler efficiency, or not? a
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Exergy of heat
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Exergy of heat
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6
Exergy of heat
Ex(Q) = Q * (1 – T0/T) (T0=293 K, or 20 °C)
Heat Exergy Exergy loss
(°C) (%) (%)
1200 80 20
1000 77 23
800 73 27
600 66 34
400 57 43
200 38 62
100 21 79
80 17 83
40 6 94
30 3 97
20 0 100
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• We are very good in doing bad things very
efficient
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• We are very good in doing bad things very
efficient
• So we are doing the wrong things perfectly
right!
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• We are very good in doing bad things very
efficient
• So we are doing the wrong things perfectly
right!
• We are not very good in doing the right
things
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• Efficiency is all about reducing costs and
reducing negative effects
Source: Steven Beckers
Source: Steven Beckers Source: Steven Beckers
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• Efficiency is all about reducing costs and
reducing negative effects
• It is the personification of a negative
footprint
Source: Steven Beckers
Source: Steven Beckers Source: Steven Beckers
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• Efficiency is all about reducing costs and
reducing negative effects
• It is the personification of a negative
footprint
• But what if we could generate positive
footprints?
Source: Steven Beckers
Source: Steven Beckers Source: Steven Beckers
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• Efficiency is all about reducing costs and
reducing negative effects
• It is the personification of a negative
footprint
• But what if we could generate positive
footprints?
Source: Steven Beckers
Source: Steven Beckers Source: Steven Beckers
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Efficiency & Effectiveness
• Efficiency is all about reducing costs and
reducing negative effects
• It is the personification of a negative
footprint
• But what if we could generate positive
footprints?
Source: Steven Beckers
Source: Steven Beckers Source: Steven Beckers
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Fossil Energy, the end of an era
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Fossil Energy, the end of an era
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Fossil Energy, the end of an era
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12
Fossil Energy, the end of an era
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Fossil Energy, the end of an era
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13
Nuclear Power as a solution?
Nuclear Reactors world-wide (2008):
– Number: 442, Power delivered: 6 %
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
/53
Nuclear Power as a solution?
Nuclear Reactors world-wide (2008):
– Number: 442, Power delivered: 6 %
To increase to 20%:
– Build 1.078 new and replace existing 442
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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Nuclear Power as a solution?
Nuclear Reactors world-wide (2008):
– Number: 442, Power delivered: 6 %
To increase to 20%:
– Build 1.078 new and replace existing 442
At 3 new reactors per month, takes:
– 40 years !
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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Nuclear Power as a solution?
Nuclear Reactors world-wide (2008):
– Number: 442, Power delivered: 6 %
To increase to 20%:
– Build 1.078 new and replace existing 442
At 3 new reactors per month, takes:
– 40 years !
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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15
The abundance of the sun
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The abundance of the sun
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The abundance of the sun
min
160
120
80
40
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Time for the sun to provide in Earth’s Yearly Energy Demand, now and in the future
PV Installed in Germany
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PV Installed in Germany
24,8 GW ≈ 20 nucleair power plants 33/53
PV Growth Rate, Germany
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Mobility: Fossil – Electric – Fuel Cell
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Mobility: Fossil – Electric – Fuel Cell
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Mobility: Fossil – Electric – Fuel Cell
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Mobility: Fossil – Electric – Fuel Cell
[Ad van Wijk, 2012] 38/53
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Mobility: Fossil – Electric – Fuel Cell
[Ad van Wijk, 2012] 39/53
40 [Ad van Wijk, 2012]
21
41
Used 5-10 % of time!
[Ad van Wijk, 2012]
The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
– 3. Renewable Energies
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
– 3. Renewable Energies and Internet: Intergrid
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
– 3. Renewable Energies and Internet: Intergrid
Vife Pillars
– Shift to renewable energy
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
– 3. Renewable Energies and Internet: Intergrid
Vife Pillars
– Shift to renewable energy
– Buildings as distributed renewable energy sources
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
– 3. Renewable Energies and Internet: Intergrid
Vife Pillars
– Shift to renewable energy
– Buildings as distributed renewable energy sources
– Use of Hydrogen and other energy storage technologies
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
– 3. Renewable Energies and Internet: Intergrid
Vife Pillars
– Shift to renewable energy
– Buildings as distributed renewable energy sources
– Use of Hydrogen and other energy storage technologies
– Use of internet technology to transform power grids to Intergrid
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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The Third Industrial Revolution
Convergence of new Energy regimes with new Communication
Technologies
– 1. Steam Engine and Steam Powered Printing
– 2. Combustion Engine and Electrical Communication
– 3. Renewable Energies and Internet: Intergrid
Vife Pillars
– Shift to renewable energy
– Buildings as distributed renewable energy sources
– Use of Hydrogen and other energy storage technologies
– Use of internet technology to transform power grids to Intergrid
– Transitioning transportation fleet to electric and fuel cell vehicles
[Jeremy Rifkin, 2008]
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Positive Footprint: Energy
• Why stop at “nearly zero energy buildings”?
• Produce more renewable energy as
consumed by the building
• Including the embodied energy
• Sun is abundent: 10,000 times our current
need, is clean and renewable
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Positive Footprint: Energy
• Why stop at “nearly zero energy buildings”?
• Produce more renewable energy as
consumed by the building
• Including the embodied energy
• Sun is abundent: 10,000 times our current
need, is clean and renewable
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Univ. Prof. Dr. -Ing. M.N. Fisch IGS – Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik | TU Braunschweig
IG
S
Passiv-
Haus
Plus- Energie
Haus
Primärenergie Errichtung und Betrieb Primärenergie Bau – „Graue Energie“
EnEV -
Standard
Jahre
…über dem Lebenszyklus „Plusenergie“
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Water, a scarce commodity
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Water, a scarce commodity
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Water, a scarce commodity
Source: USGS
Water in the world
2,5 % Fresh
1,3 % at Surface
26,9 % non Frozen
Available:
87 ppm !
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Water, a scarce commodity
Source: USGS
Water in the world
2,5 % Fresh
1,3 % at Surface
26,9 % non Frozen
Available:
87 ppm !
How many cups of water needed?
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Water, a scarce commodity
Source: USGS
Water in the world
2,5 % Fresh
1,3 % at Surface
26,9 % non Frozen
Available:
87 ppm !
How many cups of water needed?
1,100 !! www.waterfootprint.org
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Water, a scarce commodity
Source: USGS
Water in the world
2,5 % Fresh
1,3 % at Surface
26,9 % non Frozen
Available:
87 ppm !
How many cups of water needed?
1,100 !! www.waterfootprint.org
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Positive Footprint: Water
• Produce locally a better water quality out
as in
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Natural energy:
Solar, wind or biomass,
or any low temperature
heat
Wastewater:
up to 90% volume reduction
Feed water:
Seawater, brackish or any
water source
Pure water:
from less then
1µS/cm to drinking
water quality
Vacuum Membrane Destillation
Low pressure
Low temperature
Multi stage-
Membrane distillation
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Natural energy:
Solar, wind or biomass,
or any low temperature
heat
Wastewater:
up to 90% volume reduction
Feed water:
Seawater, brackish or any
water source
Pure water:
from less then
1µS/cm to drinking
water quality
Vacuum Membrane Destillation
Low pressure
Low temperature
Multi stage-
Membrane distillation
Effective Hospital Sewage Treatment
ROI ≈ 5-10 y 66/53
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covent garden
brussels 2007
Source: Steven Beckers 67/53
Source: Steven Beckers
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Source: Steven Beckers
95% Water Autonomy
150 k€ investment
4 Park spaces loss
Permit 50>75.000m2
157 M€ +
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Top Soil
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Top Soil
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Top Soil
Blowing in the wind 72/53
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Positive Footprint: Topsoil
• Have your project produce more Fertile
Soil as is destroyed by the building activity
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FORD ROUGE CENTER storm water strategies
Source: EPEA 74/53
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FORD ROUGE CENTER storm water strategies
Source: EPEA
Original plan: 50 M$
Realization: 15 M$
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Source: Steven Beckers
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Source: Steven Beckers
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Source: Steven Beckers
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Materials-Renewables
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Materials-Renewables
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Materials-Renewables
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Materials-Renewables
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• BioBased Materials are renewable by
definition
• Waste as Resource
Positive Footprint: Renewable Materials
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Waste as a Recource
• CO2 as a resource, food
– Urea, Bevarages, Decaffeinate,Greenhouses
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Waste as a Recource
• CO2 as a resource, food
– Urea, Bevarages, Decaffeinate,Greenhouses
• CO2 as a resource, industry
– Polycarbonates, CO2 to CH4
Thermodynamic cycles,
Biofuel / Biomass
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Yield from biofuel feedstock
Source: National Renewable Energy Lab
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Yield from biofuel feedstock
Source: National Renewable Energy Lab
87/53
Yield from biofuel feedstock
Source: National Renewable Energy Lab
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Yield from biofuel feedstock
Source: National Renewable Energy Lab
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Micro-algae
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Micro-algae
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Micro-algae
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Super Critical CO2
Liquid-like density
Great for turbines
Gas-like viscosity and
surface tension
Ability for “fine-tuning”
dissolving properties
ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids
Fragrances
Proteins
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Materials-Technical
http://www.theoildrum.com/
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Materials-Technical
http://www.theoildrum.com/
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Copper, exponential production
Paul Mobbs, University of London
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Copper, one doubling left
Paul Mobbs, University of London
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The limits to growth
On the Cusp of Global Collapse?
Updated Comparison of The Limits to Growth with
Historical Data, Graham M.Turner
Paul Mobbs, University of London
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Waste
• What do we do with our waste?
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Waste
• What do we do with our waste?
– Put it in landfills ?
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Waste
• What do we do with our waste?
– Put it in landfills ?
– Burn it ?
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Waste
• What do we do with our waste?
– Put it in landfills ?
– Burn it ?
• and call that sustainable energy ?
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Waste
• What do we do with our waste?
– Put it in landfills ?
– Burn it ?
• and call that sustainable energy ?
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Waste
• What do we do with our waste?
– Put it in landfills ?
– Burn it ?
• and call that sustainable energy ?
– Down-, Re- or Up cycle ?
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Waste
• What do we do with our waste?
– Put it in landfills ?
– Burn it ?
• and call that sustainable energy ?
– Down-, Re- or Up cycle ?
• What is the value of our waste ?
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€
• 1 kg of gold comes from:
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€
• 1 kg of gold comes from:
– 200 - 1,000 ton ore from gold mines
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€
• 1 kg of gold comes from:
– 200 - 1,000 ton ore from gold mines
– 76,923,077 ton sea water (Cube 425 m)
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€
• 1 kg of gold comes from:
– 200 - 1,000 ton ore from gold mines
– 76,923,077 ton sea water (Cube 425 m)
– ≈ 3,3 ton of used mobile phones!
Source: USGS
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€
• 1 kg of gold comes from:
– 200 - 1,000 ton ore from gold mines
– 76,923,077 ton sea water (Cube 425 m)
– ≈ 3,3 ton of used mobile phones!
– + 471 kg Cu, 10 kg Ag, 0,4 kg Pd and 10 g of Pt Source: USGS
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What is the value of our waste?
• Gold:
– 1 kg gold: ≈ 30 k€
• 1 kg of gold comes from:
– 200 - 1,000 ton ore from gold mines
– 76,923,077 ton sea water (Cube 425 m)
– ≈ 3,3 ton of used mobile phones!
– + 471 kg Cu, 10 kg Ag, 0,4 kg Pd and 10 g of Pt
• Urban mining vs. Thermal value! Source: USGS
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Positive Footprint: Technical Materials
• Technical materials
– Concept of ExWaste
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Positive Footprint: Technical Materials
• Technical materials
– Concept of ExWaste
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Positive Footprint: Technical Materials
• Technical materials
– Concept of ExWaste
– Necessity to re- and upcycle
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Positive Footprint: Technical Materials
• Technical materials
– Concept of ExWaste
– Necessity to re- and upcycle
– Need for disassembly (materials + substances!)
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Positive Footprint: Technical Materials
• Technical materials
– Concept of ExWaste
– Necessity to re- and upcycle
– Need for disassembly (materials + substances!)
– Need for redesign (Products + Processes)
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Positive Footprint: Technical Materials
• Technical materials
– Concept of ExWaste
– Necessity to re- and upcycle
– Need for disassembly (materials + substances!)
– Need for redesign (Products + Processes)
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Beyond Sustainability
• Energy
– Sun is abundent, fossils are the problem
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Beyond Sustainability
• Energy
– Sun is abundent, fossils are the problem
• Water
– Clean&sweet water is scarce, energy can help
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Beyond Sustainability
• Energy
– Sun is abundent, fossils are the problem
• Water
– Clean&sweet water is scarce, energy can help
• Top Soil
– Lost Topsoil can be formed
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Beyond Sustainability
• Energy
– Sun is abundent, fossils are the problem
• Water
– Clean&sweet water is scarce, energy can help
• Top Soil
– Lost Topsoil can be formed
• Materials
– Technical materials are critical, re- and upcycling
are essential 123/53
How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
• Need to re-/upcycle
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
• Need to re-/upcycle
• Invest in redesign
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
• Need to re-/upcycle
• Invest in redesign
• Change in ownership
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
• Need to re-/upcycle
• Invest in redesign
• Change in ownership
• Own -> Use
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
• Need to re-/upcycle
• Invest in redesign
• Change in ownership
• Own -> Use
• What goes in/through
• Global optimization
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How does this influence our business?
• Price surge resources
• Need to re-/upcycle
• Invest in redesign
• Change in ownership
• Own -> Use
• What goes in/through
• Global optimization
• Principles of C2C®
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Different Business Consequences
• Delivery of services vs. goods
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Different Business Consequences
• Delivery of services vs. goods
– Product as a Service: Long term relationship
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Different Business Consequences
• Delivery of services vs. goods
– Product as a Service: Long term relationship
– Light vs. lamps, heat vs. boilers, footcomfort vs.
carpeting, transport vs. car, housing vs. building
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Different Business Consequences
• Delivery of services vs. goods
– Product as a Service: Long term relationship
– Light vs. lamps, heat vs. boilers, footcomfort vs.
carpeting, transport vs. car, housing vs. building
• Buildings become material banks
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Different Business Consequences
• Delivery of services vs. goods
– Product as a Service: Long term relationship
– Light vs. lamps, heat vs. boilers, footcomfort vs.
carpeting, transport vs. car, housing vs. building
• Buildings become material banks
• Which parties will be leading / owning ?
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Different Business Consequences
• Delivery of services vs. goods
– Product as a Service: Long term relationship
– Light vs. lamps, heat vs. boilers, footcomfort vs.
carpeting, transport vs. car, housing vs. building
• Buildings become material banks
• Which parties will be leading / owning ?
• Sustainability as market pull
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Different Business Consequences
• Delivery of services vs. goods
– Product as a Service: Long term relationship
– Light vs. lamps, heat vs. boilers, footcomfort vs.
carpeting, transport vs. car, housing vs. building
• Buildings become material banks
• Which parties will be leading / owning ?
• Sustainability as market pull
• Non-sustainability as environmental liability
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Environmental Impact
• Closed-Loop Production
• Physical to Virtual
• Rematerialization
Model behaviour, SustainAbilty
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Social Innovation
• Cooperative Ownership
• Inclusive sourcing
• Buy one, Give one
Model behaviour, SustainAbilty 141/53
Divers Impact
• Product as a Service
• Ridesharing
• Shared Resources
Model behaviour, SustainAbilty 142/53
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Divers Impact
• Product as a Service
• Ridesharing
• Shared Resources
Model behaviour, SustainAbilty 143/53
Peter Luscuere
Beyond Sustainability
Delft University of Technology
144