beyond open access: leveraging technology in publishing · beyond open access: leveraging...

Beyond Open Access: leveraging technology in publishing

December 2016

Mirjam Curno, PhDEditorial Director

@Frontiersinwww.frontiersin.org

Founded in 2007 by EPFL neuroscientists Henry Markram & Kamila Markram

ALPSP Gold Award for Innovation in Publishing 2014

1MArticle downloads

per month

430Academicdisciplines

54Open access

journals

54KArticles

published

123KAuthors

Frontiers in numbers

Our journals

#1 in Quality

Frontiers journals are the most cited OA journals in 9 categoriesPsychology, Plant Sciences, Immunology, Neurosciences, Physiology, Neurology, Anatomy, Behavioral Sciences, Geriatrics

The data is based on the 2015 Journal Citation Reports (Thomson Reuters, 2016). See Blog: Frontiers tops open-access journal ranking in several JCR categorieshttps://blog.frontiersin.org/2015/09/11/frontiers-leads-in-size-and-quality-in-gold-open-access-comparison/

#1 in Volume

Frontiers journals are the largest OA journals in 7 categoriesPsychology, Plant Science, Immunology, Microbiology, Neuroscience, Behavioral Sciences, Geriatrics

The data is based on the 2015 Journal Citation Reports (Thomson Reuters, 2016). See Blog: Frontiers tops open-access journal ranking in several JCR categorieshttps://blog.frontiersin.org/2015/09/11/frontiers-leads-in-size-and-quality-in-gold-open-access-comparison/

Frontiers journals (in red) are the top cited journals in the world 2015 Journal Citation Reports (Thomson Reuters, 2016)

Leading Open Access Journal Publishers share of 2015 open access revenue, estimated at $216.8 Million. Open Access Journal Publishing 2016-2020, Simba Information.

Frontiers is the 6th largest Open Access publisher (2015)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BwdMrUPkfKg6WDRvZ2NGUVFKSmc/view

Changing traditions -Debunking myths

Cross-listingResearch Topics

Review Forum3 months to publication

Impact MetricsRaise Impact > Loop

TieringYoung Minds

Frees $8-10B Free research & innovation

Flaw #1Paywalls

Flaw #2Rejection cascades

Flaw #3Isolated disciplines

Flaw #5Distorted public view of science

Flaw #4Subjective

evaluation of science

Why Open Access?

Gravity

Isaac Newton, 1664

Electricity

Michael Faraday, 1821

Steam-Powered Railway

1825

Telegraph

Samuel Morse, 1844

Evolution

Charles Darwin, 1859

Microbe-biology &

prevention of infection

Louis Pasteur, 1860’s

Periodic Table

Dimitry Mendeleev,

1869

Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell,

1876

Gutenberg Press

Johannes Gutenberg,

1440

Copernicum System

Nicholas Copernicus,

1543

Lightbulb

Thomas Edison, 1879

Flight

Wright Brothers, 1903

Theory of Relativity

Albert Einstein, 1905

Radioactivity

Marie Curie, 1911

Hermetically-sealed

refrigerator

General Electric, 1917

Quantum Theory

Niels Bohr, 1922

The Big Bang Theory

Georges Lemaître, 1927

Penicillin

Alexander Fleming,

1928

X-Rays

Wilhelm Roentgen, 1895

Radio

Gugliemo Marconi, 1895

DNA

James Watson, Francis

Crick &Rosalind

Franklin, 1953

CERN

European Organization

for Nuclear Research

Geneva, 1954 > Today

First solar cell

Daryl Chapin, Calvin

Fuller, and Gerald

Pearson, 1954

Apollo 11

Neil Armstrong and

Buzz Aldrin, 1969

Neurorobotics

1970’s

Cellular Phone

1973

First personal computer

MITS Altair 8800, 1975

Nanotechnology

Graphene/Carbon

nanotubes

1980’s

Television

Philo Farnsworth, 1927

Information theory

Claude E Shannon,

1948

World Wide Web

Timothy Berners-Lee,

1989

Human Genome Project

1990

Toyota Prius

1997

3D Printing Organs

1999

Solar impulse

André Borschberg.

2009

Mars Curiosity

Philo Farnsworth,

2011/2012

Human Brain Project

EPFL, 2013

AbioCor

AbioMed,2013

Stem Cell Research

1980’s

Solar power

Solar One, 1981

Research & technology drive modern civilization

4th Industrial Revolution: Biology merges with TechnologyEverything is connected2010

Scientific Revolution1500

Real GDP per capita world-wide (PPP adjusted), since 1000 – Max RoserData Source, Angus Maddision

$ 19 TrillionInternet of things by 2020

1st & 2nd Industrial Revolutions: Steam & Electricity1820

3rd Industrial Revolution: Digital1940

Research & innovation drive economic growth

World GDP per capita

Research & Innovation

Governments & Industry

Growth $$$

Funding $$$

Publishers

Publishers interests are not aligned

with neither governments &

industry nor scientists

70-80%of research papers are still behind expensive subscription paywalls

Frontiers articles received 210 Million views and downloads

Everyone wants access

http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone

Source all articles: Scopus, 2014-2020: estimate based on 5% compound growth rateSource Open Access articles, Lacso and Bjork (2011): 2014-2020: estimate based on 20% compound growth rate

2000: 1.03 M

2014: 2 M (US$ 15B)

2021: 2.8 M

0.3 M

0.6 M(US$ 300M)

2.1 M

1 M

1.4 M

0.7 M

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

2000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021

# re

sear

ch a

rtic

les

Subscription articles

Open access articles

18-20% growth

Total research articles

4-5% growth

Open Access will overtake subscription publishing by 2018-2020

Open Access mandates

http://roarmap.eprints.org/

All publicly funded scientific papers published in Europe are to be made free to access by 2020.

“Life-changing” reform ordered by EU Minsters and Carlos Moedas, European Commissioner for Research, Science and InnovationMay 27th, 2017

https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/may/28/eu-ministers-2020-target-free-access-scientific-papers?CMP=twt_a-science_b-gdnscience

Subscription publishing Open access publishing

14B USD subscription revenue

for approx. 2M articles

7’000 USD/subscription article

4B USD open-access revenue

for the same 2M articles in OA model

2’000 USD/Open Access article

* Data from The STM Report (The STM Report: An overview of scientific and scholarly journal publishing, 2015) and SIMBA Report (Global Social Science and Humanities Publishing 2013 – 2014, 2013); **Data calculated from APC range assuming the same number of articles published in 2014

A transition to open access will:1. Save universities $10 Billion per year2. Accelerate global research and innovation3. Unlock unlimited potential for data mining and innovation4. Stimulate growth and jobs

Transition from subscription to Open Access can free up funds for research

http://www.stm-assoc.org/2015_02_20_STM_Report_2015.pdf

http://www.simbainformation.com/Global-Social-Science-7935107/

20072003

2006

2007

2008

2013 2009

2012NPG, BMC, Copernicus, Wiley Blackwell, SageOpen

2016

2008

2010

2012

2015

Peer-review

new models, impact-neutral mandate, publish what is

scientifically correct

Publishing platforms

Service oriented, scalable, adaptable with customer

feedback, efficient

Impact metrics

At the article-level, objective

Author discoverability

& reputation

Make authors & editor profiles to raise impact for them and readership for their articles

Open Access drives innovation




TieringYoung Minds


Flaw #1Paywalls




Flaw #4Subjective


Traditional Journal: Nature

100Karticle submissions

per year

97%of these articles are rejected

because they are not sufficiently „revolutionary“

Traditional Journal: Nature

2 millionpublished articles in 2014

1 millionof these articles were rejected

at least 1x by a journal prior to their publication

6 monthstime it takes to go

through 1 rejection cycle

100 million hourswasted by researchers on rewriting their articles for

another journal

$ 10 Billionwasted

Selecting for impact does not guarantee quality

Sample: 570 journals represented, Where rejection rates are publicly stated

Analysis1. There is no significant

correlation between rejection rates and Impact factors (IF)

2. The lowest IF seems to be obtained in journals that reject 60-70% of articles

3. The few journals that do achieve IF factors (top right) with very high rejection rates (>95%) may achieve this by selecting authors rather than papers and publishing within the main stream where most of the citations are generated.

12,000published

• Authors, reviewers and handling Associate Editor interact directly with each other in the online review forum.

• Names of editors and reviewers published on final version of paper.

Collaborative Peer Review




TieringYoung Minds


Flaw #1Paywalls




Flaw #4Subjective


7,389published

12,000published

Journals

Fields

7,389published

Journals

Fields

Specialties

7,389published

Journals

Fields

Cross-listedSpecialties

Article collections across disciplines




TieringYoung Minds


Flaw #1Paywalls




Flaw #4Subjective


Innovative Impact Metrics




TieringYoung Minds


Flaw #1Paywalls




Flaw #4Subjective


Empower communities:

take responsibility for publishing, peer-review and evaluation

Everybody should

understand

cutting-edge research

Everybody should have

easy access

to research knowledge

Empower communities:

take responsibility for publishing, peer-review and evaluation

Everybody should

understand

cutting-edge research

Jennifer DoudnaEmmanuelle Charpentier

The people behind the work

Popularizing content

Science for kids reviewed by kids

Our Mission Our Network of Excellence

Validated articles on current research

Our mission is to team with kids to bring science to the

world

Facing today’s challenges –how to achieve quality at scale

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

9,000,000

2014: 7M

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

2021: 2.8M

2014: 2M

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2014: 7 Exabytes

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

2014: $1.9 trillion

2021: $3 trillionResearchers

Research ArticlesResearch Data

R&D Budget

Scientific output is growing exponentially

2021: 9M

2021: 50 Exabytes

Allow more airplanes in

the same airspace while

reducing risks and delays.

> Quality can’t be compromised

Inspiration: Air Traffic

Air Traffic - Solution

• Decisions are made by people, supported by IT systems

• Quality is ensured by standards, procedures and transparency

• Delays and risks are reduced by standards, assistance

and prediction

How?

Visibility Control Standards Assistance Prediction

Foundation Scale

Digital Editorial Office

Artificial Intelligence

vector space model semantic vectors semantic topics

concepts social graph impact vector

keywords

citation graph

AuthorsEditorsReviewers

Extract

Consolidate by

Research Topic

Journal Organisation

Use for

…

Paper

Editor &Reviewer

Suggestion

Reading ListPublicationSuggestion ?

Journal Advisor

Text & Data Mine with artificial Intelligence trained models & machine learning algorithms

Papers

…

Editorial board – international and top institutions

Transparency of who is involved

Accountability of those involved

Quality checks

“Science is all about knowing more…

If you know more, you have more solutions, more possibilities.”

“The more people who have access to reliable knowledge… and can access it easily the more quickly we can understand how to do

business… the business of living on earth to a sustainable path.”

“Quick advancements in research and in knowledge this is the only way we can overcome all our problems we have because time is a very

important factor.”

https://www.ft.com/content/3be49734-29cb-11e6-83e4-abc22d5d108c

http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/trump-and-the-truth-climate-change-denial

Thank you

Frontiers has competitive Article Processing Charges

beyond open access: leveraging technology in publishing · beyond open access: leveraging...

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