between mistakes adventures in journalism. do you know the difference?
TRANSCRIPT
Between Mistakes
Adventures in Journalism
Do you know the difference?
Lesson One
When you start out, work for obscure places. When you make mistakes, only a small group of people will know.
Lesson Two
Facts are important, but they don’t tell the story. The story needs context and perspective. You need to think big. A story needs to be right.
Lesson Three
Ask stupid questions
Lesson Four
Listen to cranks and outsiders
Lesson Five
Be prepared for resistance
magnetar
Journalism and the Financial Crisis
Big Simple Questions
National Public Radio came to us in the summer of 2009. They asked a very simple question:
What did bankers know about the financial crisis?
The Project: The Wall Street Money MachineThe dominant narrative: 100 Year Flood
When?
Great financial journalism focused on the events of the fall 2008: fall of Lehman Brothers, AIG
We decided to look at late 2006 early 2007
What did we find?
Some investment bankers and investors took advantage of the crisis, made it worse
One hedge fund called Magnetar had helped create $40 billion worth of bad mortgage securities deals: Worked with investment banks to make them weak, then bet against them
Built to Fail
Results
Magnetar: under SEC investigation
JPMorgan: paid $154 million fine
State Street Global Advisors: $5 million fine
Merrill Lynch: under SEC investigation
Standard & Poor’s under SEC investigation
Multiple private lawsuits
How did we find Magnetar?
Sources!
Hurdles
No SEC filings
No list of CDOs
No list of investors
No list of employees at banks who worked in CDOs
No prospectuses
No lawsuits
No investigations
Constellations
We actually had to go down a list to figure out how many constellations there were
Draco:
How did we find people?
Asked people for suggestions, and then asked those people for suggestions
Google searches for people who had talked about structured finance to the media
Searches of conference attendees
Facebook, LinkedIn, other social media
Tips for finding sources
1. Think about who speaks to journalists, who would speak to you
2. Find former employees
3. Find disgruntled workers, whistleblowers, people who have sued (for any reason): they may be crazy but they may be useful.
4. Surround a story: Find competitors, suppliers, customers, regulators
5. Don’t just go to the top: Talk to the middle and lower ranks, too
6. Talk to investment bankers and lawyers. Why? These are people who see lots of different companies.
7. Talk to people who talk to the press.
8. Lurk: Go where your sources go to drink, eat
9. Ask everyone you talk to for other people to talk to
How do you get people to talk?
Once you have a source, how do you get them to talk?
Emphasize fairness and accuracy
Honor them by listening, trying to understand the depths and complexity. You aren’t there just for a quote.
Flattery. It never hurts!
Meet in person
Offer to talk on background: Define this!
Ask them to give you documents. (Then verify that they aren’t fake.)
BUT: Don’t make bad promises, like that their names will never appear in the story
Front door or not?
Get a sliver of information and then go back to them to force them to respond
Alcohol helps!
Reporting principles
Get documents
Balance? No. Your job is truth, not balance.
Multiple sources
No surprises: Every subject gets a chance to respond. They should know everything you are going to report about them. THIS PROTECTS YOU!
Writing the story
Clear: Even on a complex subject, write for everyone (This will help you think about a subject).
Try to be entertaining and interesting!
“Investigative” journalism in the U.S. is often boring. We try not to be.
We use cool graphics
We will try anything
Lessons
Don’t be afraid to revisit a story that seems old
It’s not a matter of whether something was illegal – it’s a question of right and wrong. Does it shock the conscience?
Don’t be afraid to be entertaining and interesting