better soil makes better food & happier customers · balancing the ph •tcec = total cation...
TRANSCRIPT
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JSS SUGARSNAX
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WHY FARMERS MARKETS ?
• CUSTOMER BUYS LOCAL & FRESH
• GROWER SELLS AT RETAIL
• GROWER DEVELOPES RELATIONSHIP
WITH CUSTOMER
• GROWER CAN SUPPLY NUTRIENT
DENSE FOODS
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2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
SALES GROWTH
350%
183%
119%
175%
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“CUSTOMER QUOTES”
• Your carrots are very tasty, whenever I eat
carrots I wished that it was from your garden.
The carrots just taste so much better.
• You are right, your beats are different! I don’t
even like beets, but I like yours!
• What variety of tomatoes are yours? They
are so sweet!
• Are you going to have those turnips again this
year?
• Your onions are so sweet!
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HAKUREI TURNIPS
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BOB DUE
TERRACED GARDENS FARM
• STARTED GARDENING IN 1948
• DAD WAS ORGANIC DAIRY FARMER
• STUDIED SOIL FERTILITY UNDER NEAL KINSEY
• STARTED MARKET GARDENING IN 2006
• USE HAY MULCH TO PROTECT SOIL
• EMPLOY WALK-BEHIND EQUIPMENT TO REDUCE
COMPACTION
• TERRACED SLOPES PREVENT ERROSION
• HOOP HOUSES EXTENDING SEASONS
• GOOGLE: “BOB DUE” FOR WEB SITE
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OUTLINE
• SOIL TESTING, FERTILITY & TILLAGE
• COVER CROPS & HOW I USE THEM
• TERRACE CONSTRUCTION AND USE
• EQUIPMENT FOR THE FARM
• HOOP HOUSES TO EXTEND SEASON
• NEWSLETTER AND MARKETING
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SOIL TESTING
• HOW MANY OF YOU HAVE TESTED?
• DID YOU UNDERSTAND THE RESULTS?
• DID YOU AMMEND?
• DID YOU SEE AN IMPROVEMENT?
• WERE YOU HAPPY WITH THE RESULTS?
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THE ALBRECHT SYSTEM
• A RECEIPE FOR BALANCED SOIL FERTILITY
• WORKS WITH CONVENTIONAL OR ORGANIC
SYSTEMS
• WORKS WITH ALL SOIL TYPES ALL OVER
THE WORLD
• USED WITH ALL CROPS AND CROP
SYSTEMS
• SIMPLE TO FOLLOW
• ELIMINATES THE GUESS WORK
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WHERE TO TEST?
• EVERY LAB USES DIFFERENT METHODS
TO TEST AND DIFFERENT WAYS TO
LIST THE RESULTS
• ALL DATA FOR THE ALBRECHT SYSTEM
IS BASED ON ONE SET OF TESTS &
ONE WAY OF REPORTING
• LINK FOR TESTING:
http://www.kinseyag.com/SoilAnal.htm
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BALANCING THE pH
• TCEC = TOTAL CATION EXCHANGE
CAPACITY
• SIMPLY A MEASUREMENT OF THE
SOIL CAPACITY TO HOLD Ca, Mg, K,
Na, etc.
• THE Ca & Mg SHOULD OCCUPY 80%
• Ca SHOULD BE 60 TO 70%
• Mg SHOULD BE 20 TO 10%
• K SHOULD BE 3 TO 5%
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SMALL
TCEC (8)
LARGER
TCEC (16)
CALCIUM
60% to 70%
MAGNESIUM
20% to 10%
K 3% to 5%
2200#
(68%)
4400#
(68%)
230#
(12%)
460#
(12%)
ACIDITY
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CA/MG RELATIONSHIP
MAGNESIUM
CALCIUM
L
I
T
E
S
O
I
L
H
E
A
V
Y
S
O
I
L
60% 70%
20%
10%
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pH
• IF YOU HAVE A pH
ABOVE 7 WOULD
YOU NEED LIME?
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CALCIUM
60% to 70%
MAGNESIUM
20% to 10%
K 3% to 5%
NORMAL
pH
TN
EXAMPLE
7.5 pH
CALCIUM 60%
MAGNESIUM
30%
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DEAN’S SOIL
2008 2009
pH . . . . . . . . 7.5 . . . . . . 6.7
TCEC . . . . 10.51 . . . . . 13.06
P . . . . . . 256# . . . . . 424#
Ca . . . . 2553# . . . . . 3024#
Ca . . . . 60% . . . . . 58%
Mg . . . . 759# . . . . . 822#
Mg . . . . 30% . . . . . 26%
Cu . . . . 1.5ppm . . . 12.6ppm
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SULFUR
• USED TO MAKE PROTEIN
• HELPS SEEDLINGS SURVIVE COOL SOIL
• IMPROVES TASTE & QUALITY
• MOST SOILS LACKING
• 40 TO 50 LBS PER ACRE, GOOD
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PHOSPHORUS
• 300# PER ACRE IS GOOD
• OVER 1200# COMPLEXES OTHER
NUTRIENTS
• USED BY PLANTS TO MAKE THE
SUGARS
• GIVES MORE FLAVOR TO YOUR
PRODUCE
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HOW TO INCREASE
YOUR PHOSPHORUS
• MANURES AND COMPOST
• DAP (DIAMONIUM PHOSPHATE) 18-46-0
• SOFT ROCK PHOSPHATE
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POTASSIUM
• NEEDED FOR STRONG STALKS
• UTILIZED FOR THE CONTROL OF
WATER IN THE PLANT
• HELPS PLANTS TO SURVIVE DROUGHT
CONDITIONS
• TOO MUCH MAKES FRUIT &
VEGETABLES BITTER
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TRACE ELEMENTS
• BORON --------------------- .8-2 ppm
• IRON ------------------ 100-200 ppm
• MANGANESE--------- 40-125 ppm
• COPPER ------------------- 2-10 ppm
• ZINC ------------------------- 6-20 ppm
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DEGREE OF SENSITIVITY TO
DEFICIENCIES OF MICRONUTIENTS
NUTRIENT HIGH MEDIUM LOW
BORON ASPARAGUS, BEET,
BRASSICAS, CELERY,
SPINACH
LETTUCE, ONION,
SPINACH, SWEET
POTATO
BEANS, CORN,
CUCUMBER,
PEAS, POTATO
COPPER BEET, CARROT, CORN,
LETTUCE, ONION,
SPINACH
BRASSICAS, CELERY,
CUCUMBER, PEA
ASPARAGUS,
BEAN, POTATO
IRON MOST CROPS ASPARAGUS, CABBAGE,
CORN
MN BEET, BEAN,
CUCUMBER, LETTUCE,
ONION, PEA, POTATO,
SPINACH, RADISH
BROCCOLI, CABBAGE,
CARROT, CAULIFLOWER,
CELERY, CORN,
CUCUMBER, TOMATO,
TURNIP
ASPARAGUS
MO BEET, BRASSICAS,
LETTUCE, ONION,
SPINACH, TOMATO
BEAN, PEA ASPARAGUS,
CARROT,
CELERY, CORN,
POTATO
ZINC BEAN, CORN, ONION,
TOMATO
BEET, POTATO ASPARAGUS,
CARROT, PEA
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NATURE’S NOG
• A BLEND OF
SEAWEED &
HUMATES
• DEVELOPED BY
DR.TEE L. SENN
• PLANT GROWTH
STIMULANT
http://thenogstoreusa.
com/Home_Page.html
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SOIL FERTILITY
& DROUGHT
• MICHIGAN LAWN EXAMPLE
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PERSONAL EXAMPLES
• WALKERTON, IN. GARDEN
• MICHIGAN GARDEN IN PURE SAND
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THE END