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Better Buildings AllianceRenewables IntegrationTechnical Research Team
Team Call -EVs: Buildings as the New Gas Station June 25, 2019
1:00 – 2:00 PM EST
Welcome!
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https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/alliance/technology-solution/renewables-integration
Renewables Integration – Team Goals
Strategic use of renewables Building load flexibility Grid coordination Provide resources, information, and guidance on these topics to
building owners and managers
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Call Agenda
Introduction & Quick Announcements Rois Langner, NREL
Technical Presentation: EVs – Building and Grid Integration Myungsoo Jun, NREL’s Transportation & Hydrogen Systems Center
Technical Presentation: Offering EV Charging at your Building Tristam Coffin, Whole Foods Market
Discussion and Q&A Rois Langner, NREL
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Renewables Integration – Team Players
Technical Team Lead:
Rois LangnerCommercial Buildings Research Group,
NRELE: [email protected]
P: 303-204-7026
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Renewables Integration – Team Players
Theo KassugaManaging Consultant, Energy
Navigant6
Bill GoetzlerManaging Director, Energy
Navigant
Technical Team Support:
Announcements
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Better Buildings Alliance Renewables Integration Team
Buildings-to-Grid Working Group
Kick-Off Meeting in Early August
Looking for participants for two studies:• Portfolio analysis: understand potential for
load flexibility (optimized demand management)
• Field study: implementing building load flexibility solutions
Interested? Email us!Rois Langner: [email protected] Haile: [email protected]
Announcements
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Better Buildings Alliance Renewables Integration Team
Team Calls
New topics every other month
Did you miss the last one?
Find it on the Better Buildings Solution Center:
https://betterbuildingsinitiative.energy.gov/webinars/better-buildings-alliance-renewables-integration-team-biannual-call
April 9th Call:• Building load flexibility and grid coordination• Speakers:
• Monica Neukomm, DOE • Kinga Hydras, GSA• Matt Jungclaus & Cara Carmichael, Rocky
Mountain Institute
Have questions? Email us!Rois Langner: [email protected]
Theo Kassuga: [email protected]
Presenters
Myungsoo JunResearcher, Electrical Engineer
NREL’s Transportation & Hydrogen Systems Center9
Tristam CoffinDirector of Sustainability & Facilities
Whole Foods Market
Technical Presentation:Myungsoo Jun, NREL
EV Charging Overview
Myungsoo JunNational Renewable Energy Laboratory
NREL | 12
US Sales of Plug-in Vehicles (by Model)
NREL | 13
US Sales of Plug-in Vehicles (by Year)
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Sales
PEV numbers
NREL | 14
Number of PEV’s and Charging Stations
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2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
PEV numbers
Charging Stations
NREL | 15
Gas Prices and Electric Vehicle Sales
NREL | 16
• Residential charging will contribute to a peak during early evening
• 14% LDV adoption scenario in SMUDo Voltage violations
in 26% substationso 17% transformer
might need to be replaced
EVSE Impact on Grid
Nominal charging load profile from EVI-Pro simulations under a home-dominant charging scenario [1]
Percent of transformers stressed in SMUD territory due to EV charging under 14% LDV adoption [2]
[1] Eric Wood et. al, National Plug-In Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Analysis, September 2017, DOE/GO-102017-5040[2] SEPA, SMUD, and Black & Veatch, Planning the Distributed Energy Future, Volume II: A case study of utility integrated DER planning from Sacramento Municipal Utility
District. May 2017
NREL | 17
• Demand charges can contribute to significant portions of a company’s utility bill
• In August 2016, demand charges contributed to $90,892 (53%) of NREL’s total monthly billo 17.55 $/kW (Summer rate)
• Minimizing demand from just one 25 kW charger can therefore save up to $438.75 per month.o Higher power or more chargers = more
opportunity for cost savings.• Across the U.S. demand charges can rise even
higher. o Up to 35 $/kW.
Effects of Demand Charge
NREL | 18
• 36 EVSE, 165 registered users as of November, 2018
• Average energy consumption per day o 253 kWh
• Total Energy for a yearo 92.5 MWh
• Average unmanaged daily peak demando 134.5 kW
• Average daily peak timeo 9:04 AM
Characteristics of NREL Workplace Charging
• NREL delivered 317,433 EV miles based on an average 291.4 Wh/mile (=92. 5 MWh ∕ 291.4 Wh/mile) of energy consumed.
0 6 9 12 15 18 24
Time of Day
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Pow
er (k
W)
Total EVSE Demands
NREL | 19
• Monthly energy charge by EVSE is quite consistent• Monthly demand charge is dependent on monthly peak time controlling charging stations during peak time can reduce total demand and lower monthly demand charge
Electricity Costs by EVSE
NREL | 20
• Demand charge rate: o $14.11/kW for winter & $17.12/kW for summer
• Turning off all the charging stations during peak time could have saved about $5,600
• If peak happens in the morning, cost savings are very significant
Potential Cost Savings by Charge Management
Month 02/16 03/16 04/16 05/16 06/16 07/16 08/16 09/16 10/16 11/16 12/16 01/17
PeakDay 2/23 3/30 4/29 5/6 6/23 7/20 8/29 9/13 10/25 11/17 12/7 1/4
Day of Week Tue Wed Fri Fri Thu Wed Mon Tue Tue Thu Fri Wed
Peak Time
9:00 am
4:45 pm
2:30 pm
2:30 pm
12:00 pm
2:45 pm
3:00 pm
9:15 am
9:30 am
3:00 pm
11:00 am
2:30 pm
Peak(kW) 4,161 4,046 4,159 4,267 5,186 4,620 4,388 4,253 4,278 4,788 4,605 4,563
EVSE Demand
(kW)96.05 0.46 8.55 7.15 3.17 6.55 4.92 98.45 95.51 15.77 35.85 5.33
Savings $1,355 $6 $121 $101 $54 $112 $84 $1,685 $1,348 $223 $506 $75
NREL | 21
User Interface & User Status Information
NREL | 22
Case with Extended Peak
• June 19, 2018 had heavy rain in the afternoon and it caused huge increases of campus load due to reduced PV generationo More than 1.8 MW increase in less than 20 minutes (1.86 MW at 11:22 AM and 3.7
MW at 11:40 AM) o Charge management was active from 11:55am to 12:45pm
– 50 kW EVSE demand at 11:54 AM and 21 kW at 11:56 AM– Maximum 30.5 kW curtailed $512 savings in demand charge ($16.79/kW)
o If we had turned off all the EVSE’s during that period, we would have curtailed 49 kW and saved $823. Or If same event happened during morning, more than 90kW could have been curtailed with more than $1,500 of savings.
NREL | 23
Demand Charge Mitigation with DC Fast Charger
Demand Charge– Electricity costs based on average
demand in 15-minute time frames of the month
– Reduction of peak demand by distributing the loads can save demand charge
– DC fast chargers are not usually adequate for charge management
• They are for demand of quick charge• They should be integrated with a
stationary ESS for demand charge mitigation
NREL | 24
• An upper and a lower bound of energy that is needed for each flexible load gives range of energy for it at each time frame
• The bound is dependent on type or characteristics of device (PEV, ESS, HVAC, etc.)
Approach
NREL | 25
• Hierarchical and distributed structure
System Architecture
NREL | 26
• 50 kW DC fast charger by Tritiumo OCPP 1.6 compatibleo Dual port with one CHAdeMO and one CCS
• 40 kWh stationary ESS by Sharp • The battery system is tied with the building meter and controls the battery
so that the building load does not exceed a certain threshold value
DC Fast Charger and ESS
NREL | 27
• Building meter is integrated with PV array reads net building load• The stationary battery started to discharge power to the grid once
DCFC is used o It alleviates load by the DCFCo It tries to maintain the average loads below the clipping level
DCFC Demand Charge Mitigation with ESS
NREL | 28
• Charge management system will give benefits for places with large number of EV chargers such as workplace, MDU, shopping malls, etc.
• Charge management will contribute to reduce demand charge in electricity bill.
• For DCFC, integration with ESS will reduce demand charge
Summary and Conclusion
Technical Presentation:Tristam Coffin, Whole Foods Market
Whole Foods Market: The Evolution of Implementing EV Charger InfrastructureBetter Buildings Alliance Renewables Integration
June 2019 Webinar
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The Early Days -Electric Vehicle Charging
Who
le F
oods
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Who
le F
oods
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Who
le F
oods
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Who
le F
oods
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Electric Vehicle Charging -Today
Charger Count: >350
Fast Charger Count: >50
Stores with chargers: >150
Who
le F
oods
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EV Partnerships• Three primary partners• Three separate partner
models• Other potential
partners• Host vs. purchase
• Question of core competency
• Technology vs. provider choice
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• Level 2 vs. DC Fast Chargers• System and connector consistency• Parking space turnover and exclusive
designations• Electric sub-metering vs. separate utility meters
• Demand charges• Planning for increased usage• Charger expansion
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EV Charging Implementation -Key Questions & Takeaways
Comments? Questions?
Please share your thoughts!
Thank you!
Email: [email protected]
to be added to our listserv.
Stay tuned for announcements on upcoming BBA Renewables
Integration Team calls!
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