best practices in rural sanitation & hygiene

Best Practices in Rural Sanitation & Hygiene

Synthesis from Rural San&Hyg Practitioners Seminar

Moshi, Nov.07

Jo Smet, IRC Int. Water & Sanitation Centre (www.irc.nl)

AfricaSan+5 Conference

Durban, Feb. 08

http://www.irc.nl/

AfricaSan-08 - San&Hyg from Moshi Seminar

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San&Hyg Practitioners

• 40 practitioners: East and Southern Africa: Eth, Ug, Ken, Tz, Malawi, Zimb, Madagascar, world

• 16 ‘Best Practices’ presented• A catalytic and analytic environment

to identify the factors that make San&Hyg interventions a success

• Shared and learned from claimed ‘Best Practices’ in Rural Household and Primary School San&Hyg

• Identified key issues for follow-up at policy and practitioners’ level

• Full Moshi seminar report on request ([email protected])

mailto:[email protected]


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Areas of analysis

Institutional/policy

Cultural /social

Technical

Financial /economics

Environmental

Sanitation Institutions

sub-district/district/provincenational; international

Community

Household

person


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WHAT? WHICHMESSSAGES & CHANNELS

SAN&HYG PROCESSFRAMEWORK

WHO APPROACHESCommunity, HH,

individuals

APPROACH

RESPONSE:DESIRE/WILL and CHANGE

HYG&SAN FACILITY & BEHAVIOUR

Individuals, HHs, schools

Demand or created demand at

individuals, HHs, schools

Motives and DrivesIndividuals, HHs, schools

Community institutions and organisations T

RIG

GE

R

IGNITION


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PROMISING APPROACHES

• Community-based and -owned process – with support of government, NGOs, private

sector– Region/District has output-based performance

contracts in support/achievement with lower level government staff

– Recognised local champion– community-based monitoring and follow-up– Technological innovation addressing technical

problems

• PHAST: Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation

• CLTS: Community-led Total Sanitation

• EcoSan including innovations as ArborLoo


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WHO APPROACHES?

WHO APPROACHESCommunity, HHs,

individuals

From outside community:Political, religious leaders, technical

health staff, NGOs, police

TRIGGER

DESIRE/WILL to improvefacility &

behaviour

From inside HH:Wife, husband, children

From inside community:Leaders, teachers, voluntary

health workers, Health Clubs, CBOs, entrepreneurs, neighbours, relatives

CONVINCING

ENFORCEMENT

CHAMPION’sPERSUASION

SOCIAL PRESSURE

LIVELIHOODS:EXTRA INCOMEAGRICULTURE

LEADERSHIP

DEVELOPMENTSTATUSPRIVACY

PARTICIPATION

DEVELOPMENT

HEALTHYLIFE

INNOVATIVETECHNOLOGIES

HEALTHYLIFE

VALUES &NORMS


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WHAT? MESSAGES AND CHANNELS

• Consistent and non-conflicting messages from all stakeholders• Competitions in Sanitation within & between communities with

(sustainable/replicable) awards• Technical innovation and training Village Health Workers and builders• Capacity building on promotion, awareness raising• Mass Public rallies: ignition step• House-to-house visits• Bye-law enforcement (for small group of difficult people)

one-off mass campaigns huge awards model villages demonstration latrines

dependency on volunteering work external subsidies free slabs

Doubtful = unsustainable or less replicable Drivers


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THIS TRIGGERS THE COMMUNITY, HOUSEHOLD

OR INDIVIDUAL!

IGNITION MOTIVES AND DRIVES

Positive motives and drives:Privacy and ComfortStatusPrideDignityRespect for neighbours/communityGet rid of flies and dirty smellsNo collapsing pits and floorsNo flooding or overflowing pitsLong lasting latrineHuman waste as resource ‘Humanure’Competition and awards

YES! BECAUSE

Negative motives and drives:Shame of dirtDisgust(Bye-) Law enforcementFear for imprisonment/fine


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COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS AND ORGANISATIONS

• Community-based organisations, e.g Comm. Health Clubs, Neighbourhood Groups, Youth Groups

• Political leadership on San&Hyg• Local champion from …• Political, religious, traditional and social leaders buy in• Health Extension Workers and Community Health

Volunteers/Promoters• Linkage community with School San&Hyg • School Health Clubs linked to PTA, SMC


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KEY ISSUES FOR FOLLOW-UP-1

Institutional issues:• separate San&Hyg national policy, not just a paragraph in

the health or water policy

• separate San&Hyg budget line

• clear home for San&Hyg = Min of Health

• San&Hyg to be lifted up to departmental level

• National and local multi-stakeholder forums on San&Hyg for learning, harmonisation and coordination

• Integration, coordination of San&Hyg with HIV/AIDS sector


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Technology issues• Demands women, girls, elderly and

disabled • Innovation for latrines in areas with

high groundwater tables, flood-prone, loose soils

• Introduction of affordable EcoSan as ArborLoo

• Supply chain rural San&Hyg (builders, slab producers)

• Technology information versioned for local use


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Learning and Capacity Building• Capacity building through learning

alliances (national, district and sub-district)

• Capacity builders to learn from reality for feasible, sustainable approaches

• Children help developing tools and promotional materials


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School San&Hyg• Separate budget line for School WASH• Review school building regulations Innovate

designs of latrines, hand-washing devices• Manage cleaning of facilities (latrines and

hand-washing) • Stimulate School Health Clubs• Monitoring condition and practice• Competitions within and between schools

best practices in rural sanitation & hygiene

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