best practices day one pm new

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Stuck Pipe Conditions

• Critical to identify the problem.

• Why is pipe or B.H.A. stuck?

• Operation at time of occurrence?

• Answer will point to the solution.

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Stuck Pipe

Identity SPmechanism (s)

Start workingpipe

Estimatestuck point Success

Switch toalternative freeing

method

No successCalculateoptimum

fishing time

BO pipeand fish

Continue working pipe

Decision

Give up tryingto free pipe Pipe freed

Remedial actionSidetrack/P&A

end time

Stuck PipeFlowchart

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STATIC

IsDown Motion

Possible?YES NO

IsPipe RotationRestricted?

YES

IsCirculationRestricted?

YES

NO

DifferentialWellboreGeometry

NO


YES

BridgePack-offWellboreGeometry

NO



YES


YES

BridgePack-off

NO

Differential

NO


YES

NO


Stuck PipeFlowchart

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TRIPPING IN

IsDown Motion

Possible?YES

WellboreGeometry

NO


YES NO

WellboreGeometry


NO


YES

Stuck PipeFlowchart

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TRIPPING OUT

IsDown Motion

Possible?YES


NO

YES


YES


NO

WellboreGeometry

NO


YES

IsCirculation Restricted?

YES

BridgePack-off

NO

WellboreGeometry

NO

Is CirculationRestricted?

YESBridge

Pack-offWellboreGeometry

NO

Stuck PipeFlowchart

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ROTATING

IsDown Motion

Possible?YES

WellboreGeometry

NO


YES NO

WellboreGeometry


NO


YES

Stuck PipeFlowchart

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Jar or Wash Over?

• 1st. Question is, can you circulate?

• Jarring is rarely successful if the hole cannot be circulated.

• A formation can be mechanically squeezed by attempting to jar through a tight spot if the hole cannot be circulated.

• Wash-over is the option that will work.

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Shortcut to washover.mpg.lnk

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Washover Operations

Washover operations are done in open hole to:

• Cut the formation away from a fish

• Mill junk away from the outside of a fish

• Mill away parts of the BHA that cannot

be washed over

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Wash Over Pipe

• Minimum size to cover fish with adequate room for circulation

• Preferred I.D. clearance is 1/4”

• Preferred O.D. clearance is 1/2”

• Length of washpipe to run is determined by hole conditions, clearance, customer

requirements

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Hole Conditions

• Local knowledge is important

• Formation hard or soft

• Salt water flow - Gas pockets

• Prone to key seats

• Chalk - WP won’t stick

• Offshore Louisiana, will stick rotating

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WASHOVER – WASHPIPE

List of Tools Usually Needed:

1.) Washpipe w/ nubbins 2.) Shoe w/ kutrite head 3.) Canfield bushing 4.) Oil Jars 5.) Lubricated Bumper Sub 6.) Elevators f/ washpipe 7.) Slips f/ washpipe 8.) Safety clamp f/ washpipe 9.) Lift sub f/ jars10.)Bleeder plug f/ drill pipe11.)Becket & Bails f/ elevators12.)Crossover subs

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Wash Over Pipe

• Look through WP before PU

• Check OD & ID; measure length

• Use chain tongs to make up

• Make up to proper torque

• Run safety joint; jars & DC’s

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Standard Wash Over Assembly

•Wash over back-off safety joint

•Length of wash over pipe

•Rotary shoe

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Recommended Procedures

• Bit trip to condition mud first

• Can pinpoint exactly the top of fish

• Run washpipe in the hole slow

• Break circulation;record parameters

• After wash over/ high viscosity pill

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• Easy to stick differentially

• Keep wash pipe moving at all times

• Maintain minimum mud weight/ low water loss

• Use short string of wash pipe with a shoe

designed to cut maximum clearance

between the WP and the bore hole

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• Don’t leave rig controls unattended

• Inspect boxes & pins on trips

• Change out if in doubt

• Kick Pads in shoe; Knock TJ’s off wall

• Wash over at a moderate rate

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Only Tool Joints Stuck

Wield a kick pad inside the shoe to kick the tool joints off the wall

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Washing Over

• W.O.B.O. tool; go slow last 5’

• Circulate bottom’s up and work the string good before connecting with fish

• Protect what you have before going for more

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Shoe Selection

• Short tooth or scallop shoes best for medium to hard formation

• Medium tooth is faster for soft formation

• Flat bottom or ocean wave; used to cut

packers, stabilizers, reamers, tool Jts.

• Select shoes carefully, they vary• Quality & performance count

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Weatherford Rotary Shoes

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To order specify:

1)Shoe type by letter designation

2)Carbide O.D. & I.D.

3)Connection size and type

4)Body O.D. & I.D. plus length of shoe

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Differential Sticking

Mud Cake

Porous Formation

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Drill Pipe • Apply torque and jar down

• Spot pipe releasing pill A.S.A.P.

• Reduce mud weight to lower

differential pressure

• The hydraulic force holding the

string is commonly

over1,000,000 pounds.

Differentially Stuck Pipe

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9.5Inputs:Drill Collar Diameter (inches) 6.5Stuck Length (inches) 240Imbedment (inches) 0.25Hole Size (inches) 8.125

Calculations:Hole Radius = (b) 4.0625Drill Collar Radius = (a) 3.25Imbedment 0.25Center Offset = (c) 1.0625Total Drill Collar Surface Area: 4901 sq. inches Contact Area: 1247 sq. inches

Differential Pressure Inputs:Mud Weight: 10.5 lb/galFormation Pressure: 4650 psiDepth: 10000 ft

Differential Pressure Calculations:Hydrostatic Pressure: 5454 psi Note: A negative number denotesDifferential Pressure: 804 psi higher formation pressure than

hydrostatic pressureDifferential Sticking Force Calculations:Sticking Force: 1,002,974 lbs force into the wall of the wellbore

a

Angle "A"

c

b

Angle "C"

Angle "B"

Instructions:Input well information into YELLOW cells. The REDcells calculate automatic.

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Key Seat Sticking

• Drill Pipe in tension wears a

groove in the side of the

hole when the well deviates

from true vertical.

• The groove is not large enough

to allow tool joints to be

pulled through it.

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Key Seat Sticking

Top View

Cross Section

� Freepoint with torque and Freepoint with torque and stretch.stretch.

� A stuck pipe log will show the A stuck pipe log will show the pipe stuck in a short intervalpipe stuck in a short interval

� A back off should be made 2 A back off should be made 2 joints above the stuck joints above the stuck point.point.

� Good application for a drill Good application for a drill collar spear.collar spear.

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Standard SingleClutch Keyseat Wiper

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Standard DoubleClutch Keyseat Wiper

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Surface Jars

• The Bowen surface bumper jar is often used to free key-seated drill pipe and drill collars.

• Useful for transmitting heavy downward blows to release grappling tools which

have become imbedded in the fish.

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Surface Jars

• Surface jars/ start easy/ damage work

string

• Don’t set tripping load higher than weight

of free pipe

• You will be pulling pipe tighter into the

keyseat

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Surface Jars

• Preset to 30,000# by Bowen

• Adjusted by control ring/ Special wrench

• Right more tons/ To left less tons

• Run on kelly or drill pipe

• Not effective below 3,500’

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• Back-off / run screw in sub, long stroke bumper jar/ ample drill collar weight .

• Use caution here.

• If you wash over, use a short string of washpipe and watch for the fish to fall.

Long Stroke Bumper Jar

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Sloughing Shale or Hole Cave - In

• Usually occurs immediately below a cavity, caused by poor filter cake.

• A warning sign during drilling is hole fill after a connection or making a trip.This happens near bottom.

• If you are stuck, & circulation is greatly reduced or impossible, the cause is sloughing shale.

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Corrective Procedures

• Keep reaming the hole until the string can be

lowered without drag or hole fill.

• Keep the problem below you. Don’t proceed

until hole stability is established.

• It requires high viscous and/or weighted pills

to unload the large volume of shale.

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Blowout Sticking

Sand or shale packed around tool joint

� As in sand stuck tubing, a slot As in sand stuck tubing, a slot can be worked in the sand or can be worked in the sand or shale causing the free point shale causing the free point tool to show free, but it cannot tool to show free, but it cannot be pulled.be pulled.

� Free point with maximum Free point with maximum stretch to limit this possibility stretch to limit this possibility

� As in most drill pipe operations, As in most drill pipe operations, back off is the preferred back off is the preferred

method of parting the pipe.method of parting the pipe.

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Blow-Out Sticking

• What usually occurs in a blow-out

sticking situation is bridging and

more than one stuck interval.

• A free point tool will locate only the top

of the stuck drill string.

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Under gauge Hole Sticking• Could be due to swollen shale or

under guage hole. If you got

stuck running a new bit in an

under guage hole, upward

jarring is usually successful.

• If the under guage hole is above

the bottom hole assembly,

due to swollen shale, the

procedure is the same as for

sloughing shale.

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Lost Circulation Sticking

• Sticking occurs after loosing circulation and the hole caves in.

• Fishing procedure is the same as for sloughing shale.

• Washing over is the best option.

• The theft zone must be sealed off before any wash over operation is begun.This is accomplished with time and L.C.M.

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Differential Temperature Log

• A differential temperature log is used to

determine the depth of lost circulation

zones.

• Fluid taken by the formation is constantly

being replaced by fluid being pumped

into the well.

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Temperature Survey • The temperature recorded down to the lost

circulation zone will be cooler than the temperature of the formation.

• Below the lost circulation zone, the fluid has been stagnant in the hole and will be at formation temperature.

• A distinguishable change in temperature is noticed at the lost circulation zone.

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Mechanical Sticking

• This occurs due to a foreign object in the

hole, or crooked/cork-screwed pipe.

• Run free point & part pipe at the

appropriate place.

• Run attachment tool with jarring

assembly that will jar up or down.

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Mechanical Sticking

• POH with washpipe

• Run screw in assembly

• Back-off what has been washed over

• May have to jet cut/ cannot transmit torque

• Jar out in smaller segments

• Reduce length of washpipe

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Mechanical Sticking

“Junk” or Foreign Object

• Jarring is usually successful.

• It may be necessary to wash over

with a short string of wash

pipe using the D. C. spear.

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Other Fishing Options

• Mechanical failure such as:Twist off, wash out, etc. run appropriate fishing tool (usually an OS with jarring assembly) ASAP

• All cases, identify problem before taking action. If hole/mud problem, fix it before fishing tools gets stuck.

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Options/Cased Hole/ Open Hole

One option in open hole not readily available in cased hole is:

• Set a cement plug on top of the fish

• Sidetrack the hole

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Economics of Fishing

Days= Value of fish + sidetrack fishing costs + rig costs

Sidetracking includes:

• Cost of Whipstock and services

• Cost of cementing and rig time while WOC

• Cost of directional drilling services and rig time to re-drill hole back to current depth

5-17-2000 54

Case History 2/17/97- Winnie, Texas

• 8-5/8 Csg. @ 1056

• 7-7/8 hole to 5572

• Bit stuck 61’ off bottom @ 5511

• Back off inside casing @ 997

• 4514’ fish:Bit,sub,18 D.C.x 6-3/8

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• Screw in sub,jars,drill collars etc.

• Jar 1 hour: string parted in jars

• Trip#2 w/os: Re. jars & 1 joint

• Trip#3 w/386’ 7-3/8” wash pipe

• Trip#4 w/screw in: Re. 499’

Trip#1-4:00 P.M. 2-17-97

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Trip#5-4:P.M. 2-18

• 12 joints 7-3/8” W.P. = 386”

• Trip#6 w/screw in: Re. 375”

• Trip#7 w/21joints w.p.= 668’


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Trip#9-10:P.m. 2=19

• 19 joints = 601’


• Trip#11 - 21 joints = 665’


• Trip#13 - 21 joints = 665’


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Trip#15-11:a.m.2-22

• 21 joints = 665’

• Trip# 16 w/screw in: Jar fish free

• Re. 900’ Job Complete

• Re. 4514’ in 7 days: Av. 644’

• Fishing Cost: 7 x $6500 = $45,000

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Matter of Economics

150,000 + 150,000

$6,500 + $ 20,000

300,000÷26,500 = 11.3 days to fish

Completed job in 7 days

Savings: 4.3 x 26,500 = $113,950

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Reduce Repairs

• Thread Protectors;all connections

• Store grapples in safe place

• Tongs away WP connections

• True circle tong bushings

• Don’t force grapple; swell bowl

• Cotter pins in safety clamp

• Break all connections on rig

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Fishing in Cavities

• A critical phase of open hole fishing is getting a string of wash pipe over the top of a fish in a cavity.

• This could be a make or break situation as to the success or failure of the fishing job.

• Most people do not realize this until it is too late.

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Too Much Weight

• Inexperienced personnel use too much weight and spend too much time trying to force a shoe over the top of a fish.

• Generally, they will make the situation worse in some way.

• About one hour is long enough, especially when other methods are available.

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Eliminates Other Options

• You can damage the TOF to where it will not screw together.

• You can split the shoe or, even worse,leave it in the hole.

• You may sidetrack the hole entirely.

• Once the damage is done, it closes the door on other options.

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Getting Over Fish with Wash Pipe

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Don’t Side Track

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Fishing In Cavities• Have tools on location for alternate course

of action

• Do explain to Co. Man the consequences of

using force

• Do call your Supervisor for a 2nd. opinion

• If possible have Supervisor come to rig for

support

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Getting Over TOF• Useful tool is Trahan Bushing

• Allows for better control of weight applied to get over fish

• Especially helpful when slips ride to one side of the rotary

• Setting the slips adds too much weigh to shoe

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Trahan Bushing

4 1/2 O.D. Clamp-tong diesPortable Kelly

6’

4 1/2D.P.

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Function of Trahan Bushing • The Trahan Bushing acts as a portable

kelly if the rig does not have a top drive or power swivel.

• It allows you to get over the fish and not have to pull back off it to make a connection.

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How to Apply

• Set the slips on the drill pipe leaving about 5′ above the rotary.

• Place bit breaker over the pipe and in the RKB pin holes.

• Strip the Trahan Bushing over the drill pipe and into the square bit breaker.

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How to Apply

• Attach the clamp to the drill pipe.

• This is how the pipe is rotated.

• Attach the kelly to the string.

• Circulate and rotate as you slack off to

approach the top of fish.

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How to Apply

• The Trahan Bushing is collapsible like a

telescope.

• It allows for about 5′ of travel.

• After getting over the fish, remove the

bushing in the same manner.

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Fishing In Cavities

• Watch for increase in pump pressure as

the wash pipe goes over the fish.

• May run feeler pins in shoe.

• If you can tag the fish ;you can get over it

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Other Options

• Shorten wash pipe

• Use crippled shoe

• D.C. spear with out slips

• Kick sub to re-top fish

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Shorten Wash Pipe

DrillPipe

WashPipe

500’ 300’

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Cripple Shoe

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Re-Top Fish with Spear

Washpipe ShearPin Bushing

1 Jt. W.P.

W.P. WiperBushing

Shoe

1 Joint Drill Pipe

Saftey Joint

Wiper

Drill CollarSpear Mandrel

NO SLIPS!

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Kick Sub

Kick Sub

3 Jts. D.P.

“J” Typeunlatching

joint

Kick SubBe sure of measurementsIdel Pump-Rotate 1/4 Rd.

Good success rateDon’t jet too long

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Re-Top Fish with Kick Sub

New topsafety joint

In Gage Hole

Kick Sub

Cavity

Old Top

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Consequences

• Bad decision # 1: Stuck @ 9104; backed off @ 9104

• Screw in, jar, soak 48 hours

• Bad decision # 2: Ran 377’x 7-3/8 WP w/o bit trip

• Wash pipe stopped at 7140; reamed to 7180

• Bit trip; reamed 6673 to top fish in 29 Hrs.

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Consequences

• Bad decision # 3 Ran Lebus spear against advice.

• Bad decision # 4, Attempt to get over fish 3hrs.

• Left shoe in hole; junked hole

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Overruled by Company Man • If you have followed the correct procedures

and are overruled by the Company Man;

• Record what took place in tally book and

resume.

• Have Company Man sign resume.

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