best practice in climate change adaptation - baltcica best practice collection.pdf · best practice...

1 Part- financed by the European

Union (European Regional Development Fund)

Best practice in Climate Change adaptation

A collection of adaptation measures from chosen states of Europe and the Baltic Sea Region

Sirkku Juhola (Aalto University), Susanne Schumacher (EUCC‐D), Philipp Schuster (HCU)

Part- financed by the European Union (European Regional Development Fund)



Introduction: Author: Philipp Schuster Climate Change with its impacts challenges regions, cities and municipalities. Depending on the specific characteristics, strategies and measures for adaptation are necessary to reduce vulnerability and to be able to face a sustainable future. In order to give an overview of possibilities how to adapt to Climate Change, this document aims to present best practice examples within the countries of the Baltic Sea Region and in additional chosen European countries where adaptation to Climate Change plays a decisive role. In this respect, the measures and strategies mentioned in the document are directly connected to impacts of Climate Change and Global Warming As lots of strategies and measures already exist and would be suitable for aspects of Climate Change, most of them nevertheless did not take into account the theme itself. Furthermore, this document does not include measures and strategies that have been introduced and developed within the BaltCICA project. Although they would follow the purpose of it, the document puts a focus on those strategies and measures which have been developed and implemented outside the project. The best practice examples are categorized in the fields “Coastal protection”, “Water Management”, “Settlement” and “Nature Conversation” as these would constitute the most imminent concerns within BaltCICA. Whereas the introducing table just gives an overview about where these categories are taken into account (dark markers), the tables in the following go into more detail. The document does not claim for an all encompassing collection of adaptation measures in the mentioned countries. During the research, several documents have been found which have not been translated into English yet. In this respect, the collection is limited to English publications and documents openly accessible.



Contents

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

Germany

Latvia

Lithuania

Netherlands

Norway

UK

Sweden

Hamburg

Coastal protection

Water management

Settlement

Nature conversation

page Denmark 4Estonia 6Finland 7Germany 11Latvia 13Lithuania 14Netherlands 15Norway 17UK 18Sweden 21Hamburg 22References 23



Denmark groundwater and river management, sea level rise

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conservation Algae Inland high water Rise in temperature Protection of species Low water Water shortage

Increase of water price caused that water consumption of private households decreased by 33% between 1990 and 2002 (EEA 2009: 50)

Health Forest

Storm flood Heavy precipitation Urban climate Beach erosion The general tendency in the coastal protection policy of national authorities is “wait and see”; in unhabited areas, land is given back to the sea; most defenses are soft like beach nourishment; three acts include the prohibition of building in a 300 m zone from the coast and a restriction of building in a 3 km zone (PRC 2011: 5) Jutland: decision about allowed rate of erosion in regular time intervals; dune protection and sand nourishment (PRC 2011: 6) Contact: Peder Agger Naturradet Roskilde Institut for miljö, teknologi oq samfund [email protected]

High water Copenhagen: quays and dikes protect the city and the coastline, but extreme weather events are hardly to handle (PRC 2011: 7) Frederikshavn: no general adaptation plan but ad‐hoc measures to protect the municipality against flooding and erosion; sand nourishment since 1982; protection of the harbor outer constructions two meters above sea level; rebuilt and extend 25 breakwaters (PRC 2011: 6‐7) Greve: upgrade of the capacity of the existing drainage and sewage system; investment in building capacities to cope with future flooding incidences; strategy model to help prioritize those areas of the

Urban development Storms Agriculture Energy Industry Transport



city to undergo adaptation first (JOURNAL OF NORDREGIO 2008: 6; PRC 2011: 7) Contact: Birgit Paludan Hydraulic Engineer, Greve municipality [email protected] Hedensted: one of the forerunners in coast protection in Denmark; early integration of adaptation measures in spacial planning processes (JOURNAL OF NORDREGIO 2008: 7) Contact: Niels Rauff [email protected]



Estonia

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conservation Algae Inland high water Rise in temperature Protection of species Low water Water shortage Health Forest Storm flood Saaremaa: comprehensive land use plan and coastal zone plan with building regulations along the coast, unfortunately these measures have been undertaken more as a way to legally sanction growing coastal land use activities than to regulate future coastal development (ASTRA 2007)

Heavy precipitation Urban climate High water Urban development Storms

Agriculture Energy Industry Transport

Beach erosion



Finland water management and water issues

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conservation Algae Inland high water Rise in temperature Protection of species

Improvement of biomonitoring (MAE 2008: 11)

Low water Water shortage Health Forest

Forest management and prevention of forest fire (MAE 2008: 14)

Storm flood Floodmanagement (MAE 2008: 11) Helsinki und Turku: Drainage (JOURNAL OF NORDREGIO 2008: 8‐9)

Heavy precipitation Urban climate

Beach erosion High water New national food risk assessment and management act (620/2010) implementing the floods directive (2007/60/EC), and consequently, revised flood risk assessment and prevention practices at regional and local level (e.g. local flash flood management strategies are required from local authorities) (FEI 2011) Adaptation of construction norm; water barriers (MAE 2009: 13) Helsinki: Local cross‐sectoral flood

Urban development Add adaptation to land use plans, maintenance of urban infrastructure; integration of adaptation into building construction and avoidance of building in flood prone areas (MAE 2008: 11‐13)



strategy prepared in 2008 to investigate climate change impacts and to prepare to them (CITY OF HELSINKI 2008)

Oulu region: regional strategic objectives for adapting to high waters in water and fishery management sectors (COR 2011: 12‐17) Pori: The city of Pori and the surrounding area in the Kokemäenjoki delta are exceptionally vulnerable to river flooding which can cause significant economic losses. A flood risk management project has been running from 2003, including risk assessments, action plans, ‘first aid’ improvements of damns and long‐term adaptation planning. (KOSKINEN 2006; CITY OF PORI) Rovaniemi and Kittilä: Cities of Rovaniemi and Kittilä and their surroundings are among the highest flood risk areas in Finland. Consequently, several flood risk and flood danger assessments have been prepared, flood protection planned and some measures implemented (e.g. floodbanks) (KURKELA 2010)



Kittilä: improvement of flood barriers near the city centre (JOURNAL OF NORDREGIO 2008: 8‐9) Contact: Leen Kurkela Project Researcher [email protected]

Water management and safety Implementing new flood risk assessment and management legislation; including adaptation in river basin management plans; developments in natural disaster warning systems; taking climate change in to account in water regulation (MMM 2011: 9)

Storms

Agriculture, game management and fisheries Preparation for climate change in agriculture (MAE 2009: 11) Taking climate change into account in agriculture and food production (e.g. alien species, food safety, extreme weather events) and in game management and fishery management (MMM 2011: 6‐9)

Oulu region: regional strategic objectives for adapting to climate changes in game management and



reindeer husbandry (COR 2011: 22‐26) Countryside

Including adaptation in (regional) rural development programmes and rural policy programmes and other rural development instruments (MMM 2011: 9‐10)

Energy Preparation for climate change (MAE 2008: 11)

Industry Preparation for climate change and adaptation of sectors (MAE 2008: 11)

Industry risk management with high standards for industrial security and contingency plans to avoid environmental impacts in case of events related to climate change (EEA 2009: 67)

Transport Preparation for climate change and examination of security in case of extreme weather events (MAE 2009: 11)

Finnish Road Administration has prepared plans to adapt to climate change in the transport sector (Saarelainen et al 2007)



Germany

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conservation

Algae Inland high water Rhine: Enlargement of high water barriers; retention areas for high water (REGIERUNGSPRÄSIDIUM FREIBURG 2010) Bavaria: flood management plan contains measures like establishing retention areas for rivers: A flood channel of over 4 km is being built to connect the Lauter with the Sulzbach River that will transfer “excess” flow in the case of flooding; resilience is being established by preventing oil powered energy generation in endangered zones close to rivers (EEA 2009: 28, 31‐32) Flood polder Riedensheim (Landkreis Neuburg‐Schrobenhausen) is being built for 30 million Euro. The polder’s size is 220 hectares and provides protection at the river Donau (UBA 2011)

Rise in temperature Protection of species Bavaria: Restoring measures; stabilization of diversity (MORO 2010: 18)

Low water Water shortage Hesse: The research project AnKliG is developing adaptation strategies for a sustainable management of groundwater resources (BGS 2011)

Health Forest Bavaria: Mixture of species (MORO 2010: 18)



Storm floods Lower Saxony: Enhancements of existing levees by 0.25m under the circumstances of Climate Change. Flooding barriers, walls and sluices are built with possibility of additional enhancement of 1m afterwards.(NLWKN 2011) Schleswig Holstein: Enhancement of levees with “Climate Change increase” of 0.5m. Regular check‐up with flexible possibility of additional enhancements in the future. (Landesregierung Schleswig Holstein 2011) Baltic Sea: new (levee‐) design procedure for storm surges, taking into account sea level rise due to Climate Change. (Seestadt Rostock 2011)

Heavy precipitation Berlin: Prevention of urban flooding: upgrading the city’s drainage system to decrease water overflow by ‐20% during events of heavy precipitation; improvement of waste water treatment to avoid environmental effects and phosphorus reclamation (EEA 2009: 34, 68‐69)

Urban climate

Beach erosion High water Urban development Storms Agriculture

Bavaria: Development of new treatments; sustainable planting; ecological agriculture (MORO 2010: 18)

Energy Achental: 100% regional energy (CC ALPS 2010)

Industry Transport



Latvia Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conservation

Algae Inland high water Salaca River: Maintenance of the balanced overgrowth of river banks; construction of stairs and foot‐bridges on steep slopes; creation of improved swimming places (ASTRA 2007)

Rise in temperature Protection of species

Low water Water shortage Health Forest Storm flood Heavy precipitation Urban climate Beach erosion High water

Mapping of risk areas; Construction of coastal defense structures at dense settlement sites (ASTRA 2007)

Urban development Control or prohibition of the expansion of settlement sites in vulnerable coastal areas; by‐passing of the VIA Baltica motor way from the close proximity of the sea coast (ASTRA 2007)

Storms Agriculture Energy Industry Transport



Lithuania groundwater, water levels in city regions

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conservation Algae Inland high water Rise in temperature Protection of species Low water Water shortage Health Forest

Klaipeda: improvement of forest fire awareness system (ASTRA 2007)

Storm flood Heavy precipitation Urban climate Beach erosion Palanga: prevention of beach erosion

High water Kleipeda: public information and warning system (ASTRA 2007)

Urban development Klaipeda: possible city inundation schemes and a special report for city planners indicating high risk zones (ASTRA 2007)

Storms

Agriculture Research about resistant plants Energy Industry Transport



Netherlands

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conversation Algae Inland high water

Heightening of dikes and deepening of rivers and harbor (VROM 2006: 98) Hengelo: Decrease of water level in rivers by collecting water in certain areas (EEA 2005: 36)


Low water Water shortage Ysselmeer: Collection of fresh water (EEA 2005: 36)

Health Monitoring of diseases which occur in consequences of climate change (VROM 2006: 92)

Forest Combination of different tree species and market introduction of new wood (EEA 2005: 31)

Storm flood The research project Klimaatdijk focuses on widen dikes rather than to make them higher and stronger and use them as a space for agriculture, recreation; residential areas might be situated on top of dikes; The project supports pilots throughout the country. (EEA 2009: 42) Rotterdam: flood gate at Nieuwe Maas can be closed in an event of a tidal flood (EEA 2009: 37)

Heavy precipitation Enschede: implementing retention zones in the development of the residential area Ruwenbos (DAC 2009)

Urban climate

Beach erosion Beach nourishment, risk assessment and integration of the results in spatial planning (VROM 2006: 91)

High water Enlargement of the capacities of watergates (EEA 2005: 63) Maaswerken: Room for Rivers,

Urban development Save certain areas for high water, construction of adapted homes without cellars, built up lowlands (VROM 2006: 92; EEA 2005:62)



collect water in certain areas to avoid floods (EEA 2005: 67) Afsluitdijk: Improvement of drainage to avoid high water in the Ysselmeer (EEA 2005: 67‐68)

Storms Agriculture

Adapt planting system (EEA 2005: 21) Energy Industry Transport



Norway

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conversation Algae Inland high water Rise in temperature Protection of species Low water Water shortage Health Forest Storm flood Heavy precipitation

Fredikstad: upgrade drainage system (JOURNAL OF NORDREGIO 2008: 10)

Urban climate

Beach erosion High water Urban development Fredikstad: new buildings have to be located at minimum 2,5 m above sea level (JOURNAL OF NORDREGIO 2008: 10)

Storms

Agriculture Energy Industry Transport



United Kingdom

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conversation

Algae Inland high water Sheffield: New drainage system with basin (DEFRA b) Thames Estuary: Tidal flood risk management plan and improvement of flood defense walls and embankments (DEFRA 2008b)


Low water Water shortage Thames gateway (development of 160,000 new homes): implementing high standards of water efficiency for new buildings; retrofitting existing homes with water saving devices and water meters (EEA 2009: 54‐55) Beckton at the Thames: on demand water supply with a desalination plant powered with 100% renewable energy (EEA 2009: 61‐62)

Health Alert system for high temperatures (DEFRA 2009: 38)

Forest Jeskyns: combination of different tree species (DEFRA 2008a 15) Peak District National Park: Cooperation of fire authorities, water companies , the National Trust, private estates and the National Park Ranger Service to be prepared in case of a moorland fire (DEFRA 2009: 22) Natural England: developing strategies to enable the natural environment to adapt; working in nine landscapes to implement the strategies (DEFRA 2008a: 38) Islington: Sustaineble planting; tolerant species; using open spaces for drainage; green corridors and roofs (DEFRA 2009: 39)

Storm flood London: Thames Barrier, located east

Heavy precipitation Thames Water: enlargement of

Urban climate



of London, is a tidal barrier. The barrier consists of 10 separate and moveable gates situated end‐to‐end of each side of the river. These gates are usually open, allowing the flow of water both upstream and downstream, thus preserving the natural flow conditions and ecological habitats of the river. The gates are closed when the risk of tidal flooding is high. (EEA 2009: 37)

drainage (TYNDALL 2009: 51) Gloucestershire County: Program to improve resilience and integration of climate change into planning processes; investment into flood resilience; raise public awareness (DEFRA 2009: 17)

Beach erosion Investments in coastal protection (DEFRA 2009: 34) Blackpool Seafront Regeneration: Prevent coastal erosion and mitigate flood risk for offices and homes near the sea (DEFRA 2008a: 35) East Riding Coastal Zone: managed retreat of a caravan park located at the coastline between Flamborough Head to Spurn Point; adapting tourism to coastal erosion (EEA 2009: 40)

High water Flood mapping in the UK to estimate the risks of floods and be prepared; investments in flood risk management and flood defense (TYNDALL 2009: 65; DEFRA 2009: 34) Cuckmere Estuary (East Sussex): Save certain areas for high water, no enlargement of dikes (ENVIRONMENT

AGENCY 2009a)

Carlisle: Enlargement of dikes (ENVIRONMENT AGENCY 2009b) London (Brent Cross Cricklewood regenaration project): Save areas for the collection of water, prohibition of building closely to the water (ENVIRONMENT AGENCY 2009c: 8)

Urban development Integration of adapttion into planning system; introduction high standards for buildings; assisting development of surface water (DEFRA 2009: 38) ESPACE: Integration of adaptation in spatial planning http://www.espace‐project.org/



North Lincolnshire (Alkborough Flats): Areas to collect water in case of a flood (ENVIRONMENT AGENCY 2009c: 10) Anglian Water Adaptation Strategy: high investments in flood protection, water sites, waste water sites and pumping stations to guarantee ongoing services in the case of an extreme weather event; cooperation with other regional stakeholders to develop a shoreline management plan (DEFRA 2009: 18)

Storms Agriculture

Inform farmers about threats and opperotunies of a changing climate (DEFRA 2009: 38)

Energy Development of investment plans; use relocateable flood defense barriers (DEFRA 2009: 37)

Industry Transport

Improvement of drainage; new road surfaces (DEFRA 2009: 37)



Sweden Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conversation

Algae Inland high water Rise in temperature Protection of species Low water Water shortage Health Forest Storm flood Heavy precipitation Urban climate Beach erosion High water

Mariestad: Focus on water resistance (FOI 2009: 25) Kristianstad: adaptation plan by local authority (FOI 2009: 22)

Kristianstad, Gothenburg, Stockholm: extension of dikes and drainage systems (FOI 2009: 25‐26)

Falun: temporary barriers instead of dikes (FOI 2009: 26)

Urban development Stockholm, Kungsbacka, Lomma, Gothenburg, Malmö und Halmstad: rise of he recommended foundation level (FOI 2009: 24) Vellinge, Arvika: include increasing water levels in spatial planning (FOI 24‐25)




Hamburg

Coastal protection Water management Settlement Nature conversation Algae Inland high water Rise in temperature Protection of species Low water Water shortage Health Forest Storm flood Heavy precipitation

Drainage systems (IBA 2009: 59‐60)

Urban climate

Beach erosion High water Mobile walls; dike improvement; considerations about innovate adaptation measures e.g. systems of cascading flood compartments; second dike line (IBA 2009: 23, 30, 70)

Urban development Water homes; adaptive building constructions and precautionary measures (IBA 2009: 27)




References Developing Policies & Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in the Baltic Sea Region (ASTRA) (2007); Overview of ASTRA case study areas; http://www.gsf.fi/projects/astra/02_case_studies.html Brandt Gerdes Sitzmann Umweltplanung GmbH (BGS) (2011); AnKliG Verbundprojekt: Anpassungsstrategien an Klimatrends und Extremwetter und Maßnahmen für ein nachhaltiges Grundwassermanagement; http://www.bgsumwelt.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=37&Itemid=52 CC ALPS (2010); Beispielshafte Klimamaßnahmen http://www.cipra.org/de/cc.alps/ergebnisse/good‐practice CITY OF PORI, the flood project (webpage, in Finnish: http://www.pori.fi/tpk/tulvasuojelu/vesistotulva.html) CITY OF HELSINKI (2008) Helsingin kaupungin tulvastrategia. Rakennussuunnitteluvirsto. (Title in English: Flood strategy for the city of Helsinki) COUNCIL OF OULU REGION/POHJOIS‐POHJANMAAN LIITTO (COR) (2011) Pohjois‐Pohjanmaan toimialakohtaiset ilmasto‐ohjelmat. Pohjois‐Pohjanmaan ilmastostrategia. (Title in English: Sector‐oriented climate action plans for the Oulu Region, part of regional climate change strategy) Danish Architecture Centre (DAC) (2009); sustainable cities: case Enschede: Rainwater as a resource; Copenhagen; http://sustainablecities.dk/en/city‐projects/cases/enschede‐rainwater‐as‐a‐resource DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS (DEFRA) (2008a); Adapting to Climate Change. A framework for action; Department for Environment; London; http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/documents/adapting‐to‐climate‐change.pdf DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS (DEFRA) (2008b) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/action/studies.htm DEPARTMENT FOR ENVIRONMENT, FOOD AND RURAL AFFAIRS (DEFRA) (2009); Adapting to climate change; UK Climate Projections; http://archive.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/documents/uk‐climate‐projections.pdf ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2009a); Case Studies by category: flooding; Managed re‐alignment: Cuckmere Estuary Flood Risk Management Strategy; http://www.environment‐agency.gov.uk/research/planning/108348.aspx



ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2009b); Case Studies by category: flooding; Managed re‐alignment: Flood alleviation scheme: Carlisle; http://www.environment‐agency.gov.uk/research/planning/108348.aspx ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (2009c); Climate Change; Adapting for tomorrow; Environment Agency; Bristol; http://publications.environment‐agency.gov.uk/pdf/GEHO0709BQBW‐e‐e.pdf EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (EEA) (2005); Technical report: Vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Europe; No7/ 2005; Copenhagen NETHERLAND’S MINISTRY OF HOUSING, SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT (VROM) (2006); Fourth Netherland’s Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change; The Hague EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT AGENCY (EEA) (2009); Report on good practice measures for climate change adaptation in river basin management plans; http://icm.eionet.europa.eu/ETC_Reports/Good_practice_report_final_ETC.pdf FINNISH ENVIRONMENTAL INSTITUTE (FEI) (2011) webpage: flood risk management planning in Finland (http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?contentid=384024&lan=EN) IBA Hamburg (2009); Klimafolgenmanagment: Herausforderung Wasser; Dokumentation der Fachtagung 19.02. bis 21.02.2009 JOURNAL OF NORDREGIO; Local Climate Adaptation; No. 4 December, Volume 8/ 2008 KLIMA MORO (MORO) (2010); Studie als Diskussionsgrundlage zum 1. Workshop „Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft, Naturschutz und Tourismus“ am 10.02.2010; München KOSKINEN, MIRJA (ED.) (2006) Porin tulvat – hallittuja riskejä? Suomen ympäristö 19/2006. Lounais‐Suomen ympäristökeskus. (Title in English: Flooding in Pori – are risks under control? Published by the Southwest Finland Regional Environmental Centre) KURKELA, ANNA (2010) Preparing for Floods in Rovaniemi and Kittilä. The Effects of Climate Change on Floods. A Report of the Clim‐ATIC Project 2010. LANDESREGIERUNG SCHLESWIG HOLSTEIN (2011): WEBPAGE: Klimaprognosen bedingen neues Bemessungsverfahren für Landesschutzdeiche. HTTP://WWW.SCHLESWIG‐HOLSTEIN.DE/UMWELTLANDWIRTSCHAFT/DE/WASSERMEER/09_KUESTENSCHUTZHAEFEN/06_BEMESSUNGSVERFAHREN/EIN_NODE.HTML (11/2011)



MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY/MAA‐ JA METSÄTALOUSMINISTERIÖ (MMM) (2011) Maa‐ ja metsätalousministeriön ilmastonmuutoksen sopeutumisen toimintaohjelma 2011–2015 – Huoltovarmuutta, kestävää kilpailukykyä ja riskinhallintaa. (Title in English: Climate change adaptation action plan for the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry for 2011‐2015 – Maintenance and supply security, sustainability and competitiveness, and risk management) MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT/YMPÄRISTÖMINISTERIÖ (MAE) (2008); Adaptation to Climate Change in the Administrative Sector of the Ministry of the Environment. An action plan to implement the National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change; Reports of the Ministry of the Environment 20en/ 2008 MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT/YMPÄRISTÖMINISTERIÖ (MAE) (2009) The future of land use is being decided now. The Revised National Land Use Guidelines of Finland. A brochure, February/2009. NIEDERSÄCHSISCHER LANDESBETRIEB FÜR WASSERWIRTSCHAFT, KÜSTEN‐ UND NATURSCHUTZ (NLWKN) (2011): Webpage: Niedersachsen Küstendeiche werden ab sofort höher gebaut als bisher. HTTP://WWW.NLWKN.NIEDERSACHSEN.DE/PORTAL/LIVE.PHP?NAVIGATION_ID=8125&ARTICLE_ID=42610&_PSMAND=26 (11/2011) POLICY RESEARCH COOPERATION (PRC) (last checked on 11/08/2011); Chapter 4: Denmark www.ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/climate_change/denmark_en.pdf REGIERUNGSPRÄSIDIUM FREIBURG (2010); Hochwasserschutz Rheinhausen; http://www.rp.baden‐wuerttemberg.de/servlet/PB/menu/1230029/index.html SAARELAINEN, Seppo & Makkonen, Lasse (2007) Ilmastonmuutokseen sopeutuminen tienpidossa. Esiselvitys. Tiehallinnon selvityksiä 4/2007. Tiehallinto. (Title in English (abstract available in English): Adaptation to climate change in the road management; Prestudy. Finnra reports 4/2007. Finnish Road Administration.) SEESTADT ROSTOCK (2011): Webpage: Klimawandel und Küstenschutz in M‐V. http://www.seestadt‐rostock.de/news/2011‐08‐26/53278/klimawandel_und_kuestenschutz_in_m‐v.html (11/2011) SWEDISH DEFENCE RESEARCH AGENCY (FOI) (2009); Climate Adaptation in Sweden. Organisation and experiences; Stockholm; http://www2.foi.se/rapp/foir2725.pdf TYNDALL CENTRE (2009); an inventory of adaptation to climate change in the UK: challenges and findings; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research; Working paper 135; http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/Tyndall‐Publications/Working‐Paper/2009/Inventory‐Adaptation‐climate‐change‐UK‐challenges‐and‐findin UMWELTBUNDESAMT (UBA) (2011); Flutpolder Riedensheim: Vorbeugender Hochwasserschutz an der Donau im Landkreis Neuburg‐Schrobenhausen; http://www.tatenbank.anpassung.net/Tatenbank/DE/1_MassnahmenDB/measureDetails_node.html;jsessionid=7190ACD0829D98851E2A84E9F99CCC6C.1_cid095?backLink=Tatenbank%2FDE%2FHome%2Fhome_node.html%3Bjsessionid%3D7190ACD0829D98851E2A84E9F99CCC6C.1_cid095&measureId=1982

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