best management practices to control swede midge christy hoepting cornell cooperative extension...
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Best Management Practices to Best Management Practices to Control Swede MidgeControl Swede Midge
Christy Hoepting
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Vegetable Program
Cornell Cooperative Extension
Best Management Practices
Crop Rotation
• Rotate out of crucifers for at least 2 years– The longer the better! – Swede midge persist in soil for more than 1 year
• How far?– The farther the better!– 300 m to 1 km– A female swede midge only has a lifespan of 1-5
days to find a suitable host to lay her eggs
Best Management PracticesPost-Harvest Management• Crop destruct ASAP after harvest• Do not deep plow in the spring
2005 Seasonal Swede Midge Trap Catches: Niagara County (SM+ 2004)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
23-
Apr
30-
Apr
7-
May
14-
May
21-
May
28-
May
4-
J un
11-
J un
18-
J un
25-
J un
2-
J ul
9-
J ul
16-
J ul
23-
J ul
30-
J ul
6-
Aug
13-
Aug
20-
Aug
27-
Aug
3-
Sep
10-
Sep
17-
Sep
24-
Sep
1-
Oct
8-
Oct
15-
Oct
22-
Oct
29-
Oct
2004 late (A)
2004 early (B)2005 early (C )cull pile (D)2005 late (#1)2005 late (#2)
Case Study: Niagara, NY (2005)
200+ SM per week100% field infestation
May 16 - Nov 11
No.
SM
per
day
Broccoli in 2004Fallow in 2005
Downwind of broccoli in 2004Broccoli in 2005
Trap catch
data not available
Case Study: Niagara, NY (2006)• First Year rotated out of crucifers
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
23-May 30-May 6-Jun 13-Jun 20-Jun 27-Jun 4-Jul 11-Jul 18-Jul 25-Jul 1-Aug 8-Aug 15-Aug 22-Aug 29-Aug 5-Sep 12-Sep 19-Sep 26-Sep 3-Oct
No
. SM
per
tra
p p
er w
eek
No.
of
SM
per
wee
k
Broccoli in 2005Fallow in 2006
2007:Fallow again – 23 SM per season!
Case Study: Monroe Co., NY (2006)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
17-Jul 24-Jul 31-Jul 7-Aug 14-Aug 21-Aug 28-Aug 4-Sep 11-Sep 18-Sep 25-Sep 2-Oct 9-Oct
No
. Sm
per
2 t
rap
s p
er w
eek
Disked
Mixed crucifer (mostly collards) seedbed left
unmanaged
Best Management Practices
Start with Clean Transplants
• Using plug or bare root transplants that are grown in an area where swede midge does not occur provides the best opportunity for starting with clean transplants that are free of swede midge infestation.
Best Management Practices
• Permanently closed side walls with ceiling ventilation at least 9 feet high
• 8 foot fridge strip should be placed in front of sealed loading doors prior to shipment
Start with Clean Transplants: plugsExclusion: keep swede midge out of greenhouse
Best Management Practices
Start with Clean Transplants: plugs• For plug transplants grown in an infested area
where exclusion is not possible:– Systemic Insecticide treatment (Assail, Admire Pro –
not labeled in the greenhouse)– Assail*: foliar application: remove from greenhouse
to spray, and then return to greenhouse or transplant– Admire Pro**: soil application, apply as a post-
seeding drench to trays (remove from greenhouse for treatment and then return) or after transplanting in the field
– Follow labels carefully!*National label **2ee label in New York only
Cornell Greenhouse Study (M. Chen & T. Shelton 2006)
Timing of Assail (acetamiprid) % SM control
Before exposure with SM 99.5
At exposure with SM 100
4 days after exposure with SM 99.8
8 days after exposure with SM 69.6
Cauliflower transplant seedlings
Foliar sprays on transplants at the early stage of infestation before shipping is recommended.
In Canada, Intercept (imidacloprid) is sprayed 10 days before transplant seedlings go to the field, provides 5-6 weeks of protection in the field
Best Management Practices
Start with Clean Transplants: bare roots• Do not plant a crucifer seedbed following a fall
cruciferous crop, especially broccoli (to avoid exposing crop to high spring emergence of swede midge)
• Avoid sheltered fields/areas for cabbage seedbeds
• When finished harvesting a seedbed, crop destruct ASAP
• Insecticides may be necessary
Best Management PracticesChemical Control:
Insecticide Active ingredientLabel
AvailabilityApplication
Neonicotinoids (systemic):
Assail 70WP/30SG acetamiprid National foliar
Admire Pro Imidacloprid NY 2ee soil
Provado 1.6 imidacloprid NY 2ee foliar
Pyrethroids:
Warrior with Zeon Technology
Lambda-cyhalothrin
NY 2ee foliar
Organophosphates (OPs):
Lorsban 75WP chlorpyrifos NY 2ee foliar
2ee: added unlabled pest to when pesticide is already labeled on crop
Best Management Practices
Chemical Control:• Should not be relied upon as a rescue strategy, because
under very high pressure (i.e. 100 SM/trap/day) chemical control fails
• Can be very effective when SM populations are moderate• Admire Pro applied to the soil as a drench has provided the
most consistent control of swede midge• No OMRI listed insecticides controlled swede midge• Rotate chemical classes for resistance management• Read labels carefully!
Best Management PracticesChemical Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2-Ju
l9-
Jul
16-J
ul
23-J
ul
30-J
ul
6-Aug
13-A
ug
20-A
ug
27-A
ug
3-Sep
10-S
ep
17-S
ep
24-S
ep1-
Oct
No
. S
M m
ale
s p
er w
eek
(1
tra
p)
broccoli plants pulled
Assail sprayed on BS + kale
broccoliBrussels spouts
kale
at harvest, 100% plants had SM damage, no blind heads
at harvest, 100% BS plants had SM damage, 15% of sprouts had damage
at harvest, no SM damage was observed in kale
Assail sprayedon BS + kale
kale planted
Best Management PracticesMonitor for Swede Midge Using Pheromone
Traps: Phero Net (http://www.phero.net)
Swede Midge Monitoring
Place traps 1 foot above groundReplace lures every 3 weeksReplace sticky liners 1-3x per week
Adult swede midge on sticky cards
Best Management Practices
Field Sanitation• Keep cruciferous fields and fields rotated out of
crucifers free of cruciferous weeds:– Shepard’s purse– Field pepperweed– Wild mustard weeds from which Cornell– Field pennycress has recovered swede midge– Wormseed mustard– Marsh yellowcress
• Weeds may sustain a SM population from season to season, but they are not their preferred host
Best Management Practices• Choose Tolerant Crops:
– Most tolerant: Green and red cabbage – Most susceptible: Collards, Chinese broccoli (gai lan),
broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and Chinese cabbage (choy sum)
• Choose Tolerant Varieties– Broccoli cv. Everest and Triathalon are less susceptible
compared to the highly susceptible Paragon, (U of Guelph)
– More research required…
• Field Selection– Up from prevailing winds– Avoid sheltered areas
Best Management Practices
Knowledge is Your Best Defense!• Early detection and management is key to
keeping SM below economical levels• Be proactive in minimizing introduction
and development of swede midge– Use clean transplant seedlings– Timely post harvest crop destruct– Crop rotation– Make sure you know how to identify SM
damage!