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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

WHERE ARE WE

GOING IN THE

NEW MILLENNIUM
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Cardiovascular diseases: Claimed 959,227 lives in 1996. Other 1996 mortality: total cancer 544,728;

accidents 93,874; HIV (AIDS) 32,655.

One sixth of all people killed by CVD are under age65.

From 1985 to 1995 death rates from CVD declined

22%. In the same 10-year period the actual number of

deaths declined only 2.0 percent
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Coronary Heart Disease

Caused 476,124 deaths in 96 - the single leading

cause of death in America today.

This year an estimated 1,100,000 Americans willhave a new or recurrent coronary attack, and about

1/3 will die.

At least 250,000 people a year die of coronaryattack within 1 hr. of the onset of symptoms.


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Cardiovascular Disease Cost

The cost of cardiovascular diseases and stroke in

1999 is estimated by the AHA at$286.5 billion.

This includes direct costs, which include cost ofphysicians and other professions, hospital and

nursing home services, the cost of medications,

and home health.

It is impossible to assess the cost in terms of

suffering and human life.


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What is Heart Disease?What are some types of heart and blood vesseldiseases?

HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES

HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

HEART ATTACKS

HEART FAILURE

STROKE and TIA


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What is a Heart Attack?What causes a heart attack?

Myocardial Infarction:

Blood flow is blocked (by a blood clot or buildup of plaque).

Warning signs:

Uncomfortable heavy feeling, pressure, pain or squeezing in the

center of your chest that lasts more than a few minutes.

Pain that goes to your shoulders, neck or arms.

Discomfort in your chest along with a light head, fainting,

sweating, nausea or shortness of breath.


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Risk Factors

Family history

Smoking

Hyperlipidemia Hypertension

Obesity

Inactive Lifestyle

Diabetes


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Your FAMILY HISTORY may increase

your risk if. . .

Your father or brother had a heart

attackbefore age 55 OR your mother

or sister had one before age 65.

You have a close blood relative whohad a stroke.


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CIGARETTE SMOKING . . .

itll make you choke!Cigarette smoking is the most important preventable cause of premature death in

the United States.

Current estimates for the United States are that 25.2 million men (26.7%) & 23.2million women (22.8%) are smokers, putting them at increased risk of heart attack.

In addition, an estimated 4.1 million teenagers aged 12 thru 17 years are smokers.

Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives greatly increase their risk of coronary

heart disease compared with women who neither smoke nor use oral contraceptives.

People who smoke cigars or pipes seem to have a higher risk of death from

coronary heart disease (possibly stroke), but their risk is not as great as cigarette

smokers.


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SMOKING CESSATIONApproximately 48 million Americans currently smoke cigarettes, but mostsmokers are either actively trying to quit or want to quit. Since 1965,

more than 40% of all adults who have ever smoked have quit.

After 1 year off cigarettes, the excess risk of heart disease caused by

smoking is reduced by half. After 15 years of abstinence, the risk is

similar to that of persons who have never smokes.

In 5 to 15 years, the risk of stroke for ex-smokers returns to the level of

those who have never smokes.

Male smokers who quit between 35 to 39 add an average of 5 years to

their lives. Female quitters in this age group add 3 years. Men and

women who quit at ages 65 to 69 increase their life expectancy by 1


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High Blood Cholesterol . . .

is your number up?

Estimates are that 98.1 million Americanadults (51.9%) have total blood cholesterol

values of 200 mg/dL and higher, and

about 39.4 million American adults (about

20%) have levels of 240 or above.


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CHOLESTEROL,

Lowering the LevelsThe American Heart Association dietary guidelines

for healthy Americans recommend that no more

than 30 percent of your total calories should comefrom fat.

The AHA also recommends that your daily intake

of dietary cholesterol be less than 300 milligrams(mg) and no more than 200 mg is you have

coronary heart disease.


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How Can I Lower High Cholesterol

Low fat, low cholesterol diet

Weight control

Exercise program

Medication


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HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE . .

The Silent KillerHigh blood pressure (hypertension) killed 41,634

Americans in 1996 and contributed to the deaths ofabout 202,000.

One in five Americans (and one in four adults)

has high blood pressure.

Of those people with high blood pressure,

31.6% dont know they have it.


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What is blood pressure?Blood pressure is the result of two forces. One is created by the heartas it pushes blood into the arteries and through the circulatory system.

The other is the force of the arteries as they resist the blood flow.

What do blood pressure numbers indicate?

The higher (systolic) number represents the pressure while the heart i

beating.

The lower (diastolic) number represents the pressure when the heart i

resting between beats.

Blood pressure of less than 140 over 90 is considered a

normal blood pressure reading for adults.


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Blood Pressure cont.High blood pressure usually has no symptoms. Infact, many people have high blood pressure for

years without knowing it. Thats why its so

dangerous.

The only way to find out if you have high blood

pressure is to have your blood pressure checked.

Your doctor or other qualified healthprofessional should check your blood pressure at

least once every two years.


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OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT

. . . Its a Real Drag!About 61 million American adults are now 20% or

more over their ideal weight. People who are more

than 20% over their ideal body weight (obese) aremore likely to develop heart disease and stroke, even if

they have no other risks factors.

Obesity is defined simply as an excess of body fat.

Obesity is now recognized as a major risk factor for

coronary heart disease, which can lead to heart attack.


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OBESITY:raises blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

lowers HDL (the good cholesterol linked with lower

risk).

raises blood pressure.

can induce diabetes. In some people, diabetes has a

strongly adverse effect on these risk factors. In them, theresulting danger of heart attack is especially high.


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Physical Inactivity . . . Just move!

Physical inactivity has been established as a major

risk factor for the development of coronary artery

disease. It also contributes to other risk factorsincluding obesity, high blood pressure and a low

level of HDL cholesterol. Even moderate intensity

physical activity such as brisk walking is beneficial

when done regularly for a total of 30 minutes or

longer on most days.


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What are other benefits of exercise?Physical activity builds healthy bones, muscles,

and joints, and reduces the risk of colon cancer. In

fact, millions of Americans suffer from illnesses

that can be prevented or improved through regularphysical activity.

Physical activity also brings psychological

benefits. For example, it reduces feelings ofdepression and anxiety, improves mood and

promotes a feeling of well-being.


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DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus killed 61,559 Americans

in 1996.

10,060,000 Americans have diabetes (about

4.6 million males and 5.5 million females).

625,000 new cases of diabetes are diagnosed

every year.


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What is diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is the inability of the body to

produce or respond to insulin properly. Insulin

allows the body to use glucose (sugar).

Diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke

and is now recognized as a major risk factor

for coronary heart disease, which leads to

heart attack.


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Copyright @ Forever Medic OnlinePvt Ltd

How Can I Avoid a Heart Attack?Dont smoke.

Treat high blood pressure if you have it.

Eat a diet thats low in fat, cholesterol, and salt.

Exercise.

Keep your weight in the normal range.

Follow your doctors orders for taking medicine.

See your doctor for regular checkups.

Control your blood sugar if you have diabetes.
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