bernd_augustin_prague_june_2011
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Folie 1 B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
Impact of conservation tillage on nematode infestations
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Monsanto Weed Workshop 14.-15 June 2011
Topics
• sugarbeet cystnematode
• monitoring of fields
• measures against BCN
• conclusions
• future aspects
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Monsanto Weed Workshop 14.-15 June 2011
free living root nematodes
nematodes affecting sugar beets
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Monsanto Weed Workshop 14.-15 June 2011
free living root nematodes
rootgall nematodes
photoshelter
nematodes affecting sugar beets
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Monsanto Weed Workshop 14.-15 June 2011
free living root nematodes
rootgall nematodes
nematodes affecting sugar beets
stem nematode
MLR BW
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Monsanto Weed Workshop 14.-15 June 2011
free living root nematodes
rootgall nematodes
nematodes affecting sugar beets
stem nematode sugarbeet cystnematode
Heterodera schachtii
a problem for the past 150 years
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Monsanto Weed Workshop 14.-15 June 2011
spread of H. schachtii in Europe (KWS)
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Folie 8B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
nematode spot in sugar beets
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Folie 9B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
with without BCNsugar beets:
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Folie 10B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
BCN causing abnormal root growth
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Folie 11B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
cysts of BCN feeding on beet roots
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Folie 12B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
Lifecycle of BCN
in Rhineland-Palatinate: ….2-3/year
temperature sum: 465°(>8°C)
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Folie 13B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
cysts of BCN
premature
mature
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Folie 14B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
fields monitored for BCN every year since 2004
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Folie 15B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
problem:
irregular
distribution of
BCN in the field
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Folie 16B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
monitoring:
GPS-labeling of sampling plots
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Folie 17B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
monitoring:
soil sampling procecure
10 mGPS
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Folie 18B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
GPS signal difference
plot identity
± 4 m 78 %± 5 m 71 %
± 6 m 65 %
monitoring:
soil sampling precision
r = 10 m
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Folie 19B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
laboratory methode:
hatch test
and
….
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Folie 20B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
laboratory methode:
….
counting of larvae (L2)
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Folie 21B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
Mainz-Marienborn: 153 m NN; 586 mm NS; Ø 10,0°Cweather datas 06/07
°C mmSep 06 + 4,0 - 31,7Okt 06 + 3,9 + 29,3Nov 06 + 3,1 - 34,4Dez 06 + 2,4 - 29,5Jan 07 + 5,1 - 5,5Feb 07 + 3,5 + 15,9Mrz 07 + 2,1 + 7,5Apr 07 + 5,3 - 39,6Mai 07 + 2,1 + 21,5Jun 07 + 1,3 + 26,6Jul 07 - 0,4 + 18,7Aug 07 + 0,1 -21,5Sep 07 - 0,8 + 11,8
differences from longterm averages2007:
Chenopodium album
a widespread problem
esp. in barley and beets
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Folie 22B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 23B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 24B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 25B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
Capsella bursa pastoris
Pf/Pi = 1,5
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Folie 26B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 27B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 28B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 29B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 30B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
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Folie 32B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
Conclusions based on
long-term
field monitoring
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Folie 33B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
conclusions: beet varieties
susceptible varieties: severe multiplication of BCN
tolerant varieties: moderate multiplication of BCN
resistant varieties: no multiplication of BCN
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Folie 34B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
conclusions: crop rotationgeneral aspects:
• a low proportion of sugar beets decreases nematode problems
under local conditions on some fields even ≥ 4 years of crop rotation could not bring nematode population beneath damage threshold
the only explanation: multiplication on weedhosts, post-harvest of cover crops
• nematode-resistant oilradish and white mustard on set-aside fields reduced nematode population significantly
special aspect:
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Folie 35B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
volunteer rape!
Weed hostplants of BCN
Decker 1969
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Folie 36B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
need for selective pre- / post harvest weed control
conservation tillage favours perennial weeds like Cirsium arvense and Convolvulus arvensis – because of
increasing glyphosate treatments: later in the year
causing:
increasing post-harvest appearance of weedhosts of BCN
solutions:- pre-harvest glyphosate treatment of perennial weeds
no or postponed mechanical stubble processing
in the future:
- selective control of weedhosts according to a preventive temperature sum of 250°C (since weed emergence)
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Folie 37B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
Calculation of the safety value
Daily soil temperatures between 20.07.2010 and 25.07.2010 weather station Mainz-Marienborn
daySoil temperature 20 cm
[°C] > 8°C20.07.10 23,5 15,521.07.10 24,6 16,622.07.10 24,1 16,123.07.10 22,3 14,324.07.10 21,3 13,325.07.10 20,2 12,2
88,0cumulativetemperature sum °C
safety value: 250° C
Example:
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Folie 38B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
beet variety:
• sensitive
• tolerant
• resistant
Conclusions: management of BCN
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Folie 39B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
modern beet varieties
*ZF Offstein Vorbestellung
proportion (area) 2011*: 26,3%
tolerant varieties:
• Adriana
• Theresa
• Belladonna
• Pauletta
resistant varieties:
• Paulina
• Sanetta
0,0 %
farmers first choice:
• max. yield
• less nematode
muliplication
future effects: ???
73,7% single tolerance (Rhizomania)
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Folie 40B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
beet variety:
• tolerant
• resistant
nematode-resistant ….crops:
• oil radish
• white mustard
management: BCN
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Folie 41B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
beet variety:
• tolerant
• resistent
nematode-resistant ….crops:
• oil radish
• white mustard
management: BCN
post-harvest weed control
• according to temperature sum
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Folie 42B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
post-harvest control of weed hosts• Chenopodium album
• Capsella bursa pastoris
• volunteer winterrape/-mustard/-oilradish
soil cultivation/ herbicide use before a temperture
sum of 250° C (daily mean > 8° C)[ in our area.: Ø not later than 14-16 days post harvest]
• earlier (pre-harvest)
• later (following crop)
control of perennial weeds
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Folie 43B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
future aspects:
integration of w. rape in a beet crop rotation?
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Folie 44B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
knowing that BCN multiplies only on volunteer w.rape :
extension of the beet crop rotation means
agronomical advantage
simultaneous suppression of BCN
future aspects:
integration of w. rape in a sugar beet crop rotation?
the only requirement: no multiplication on weedhosts and volunteer rapepost-harvest until end of August
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Folie 45B. Augustin, DLR R-N-H, Abt. Landwirtschaft 14.-15 June 2011
Thank You for Your Attention