Berlin WallBerlin Wall andand

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift

Jamie M.Jamie M.

Cara G.Cara G.

Paige R.Paige R.

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

Major Dates:Major Dates:

June 24,1948June 24,1948 - Stalin imposed a land blockade - Stalin imposed a land blockade of Berlin to separate the communists from the of Berlin to separate the communists from the democrats. Russia didn't want it's section getting democrats. Russia didn't want it's section getting any ideas about running away. The first fence any ideas about running away. The first fence was made of barbed wire, which was ineffective, was made of barbed wire, which was ineffective, due to people’s large desire to escape. due to people’s large desire to escape.

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

When was built?When was built? August 13, 1961August 13, 1961 - Germans began a hasty, desperate, yet - Germans began a hasty, desperate, yet

affective building of the actual stone wall to keep affective building of the actual stone wall to keep Easterners east and Westerners west. It was highly Easterners east and Westerners west. It was highly effective and there were watchtowers and guards stationed effective and there were watchtowers and guards stationed at all of the places where escape would be easiest.at all of the places where escape would be easiest.

19651965 the actual wall was built 100 yards inward, parallel. the actual wall was built 100 yards inward, parallel. The strip between the walls was dug down and coated with The strip between the walls was dug down and coated with gravel. It was called the Death Strip because many people gravel. It was called the Death Strip because many people tried to jump to freedom, but fell to their deaths in the pit.tried to jump to freedom, but fell to their deaths in the pit.

Berlin WallBerlin Wall

Who built it?Who built it?

The Russians that controlled the area The Russians that controlled the area decided to block off Western Berlin from the decided to block off Western Berlin from the democratic Eastern. The Berliners did not democratic Eastern. The Berliners did not agree with this; as many families were split agree with this; as many families were split apart, and people were tortured for trying to apart, and people were tortured for trying to escape through the border.escape through the border.

Berlin WallBerlin WallEnd Result:End Result:

November 9, 1989November 9, 1989 – – Minister of Propaganda declares Minister of Propaganda declares that private trips abroad could that private trips abroad could be made from eastern to westernbe made from eastern to westernGermany. In the following days thousands of families Germany. In the following days thousands of families flocked the watch towers; where the control guards didn't flocked the watch towers; where the control guards didn't know how to handle the people, and what the restrictions know how to handle the people, and what the restrictions on crossing were. The massive flood of citizens was too on crossing were. The massive flood of citizens was too much to contain, and they broke through, forever ending much to contain, and they broke through, forever ending the division of the city.the division of the city.

October 3, 1990October 3, 1990 -The political conclusion of the wall. The -The political conclusion of the wall. The wall had fallen, and the reuniting of Germany began. wall had fallen, and the reuniting of Germany began.

YouTube Video!YouTube Video!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FfeF_KZENIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FfeF_KZENI

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift/ Blockade/ Blockade

Major Dates:Major Dates:

June 21, 1948June 21, 1948, Air Force Lieutenant General Curtis LeMay , Air Force Lieutenant General Curtis LeMay gave a mandate to supply Berlin on June 26gave a mandate to supply Berlin on June 26

June 24, 1948June 24, 1948, the Russians instituted a land blockade of , the Russians instituted a land blockade of the American, British, and French sectors- They only had the American, British, and French sectors- They only had enough coal for 45 days and food for 36 days. Without enough coal for 45 days and food for 36 days. Without goods brought to them they would soon run out. Few goods brought to them they would soon run out. Few believed the needs of 2,250,000 people could be met by air believed the needs of 2,250,000 people could be met by air transport and the outlook for the success of this effort was transport and the outlook for the success of this effort was bleak.bleak.

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift/ Blockade/ Blockade

What was used, and What was used, and statistics?statistics?

First, C-47's with a two and one-half (2 ½) ton capacity were usedFirst, C-47's with a two and one-half (2 ½) ton capacity were used Later, C-54's that carried ten (10) tons were usedLater, C-54's that carried ten (10) tons were used 4,500 tons a day of coal, food, and other supplies was the minimum 4,500 tons a day of coal, food, and other supplies was the minimum

needed to keep the city goingneeded to keep the city going Allied planes landed 12,941 tons in one twenty-four (24) hour period, Allied planes landed 12,941 tons in one twenty-four (24) hour period,

with planes landing every 61.8 secondswith planes landing every 61.8 seconds 1,592,787 tons of supplies total was brought into Berlin; this is equal 1,592,787 tons of supplies total was brought into Berlin; this is equal

to the weight of 80,000 whales!to the weight of 80,000 whales!

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift/ Blockade/ Blockade

Who was involved:Who was involved:

Russia refused to Russia refused to allow food in to the allow food in to the Western Zones of Germany; Western Zones of Germany; they used hostility and they used hostility and repression to gain control of the Berlin policerepression to gain control of the Berlin police

Western Zone - the Western zone was dependent on Western Zone - the Western zone was dependent on things shipped in by rail and truckthings shipped in by rail and truck

The Berlin Airlift was called "Operation Vittles" by the The Berlin Airlift was called "Operation Vittles" by the Americans.Americans.

Berlin AirliftBerlin Airlift/ Blockade/ Blockade

End Result:End Result: May 12, 1949May 12, 1949 - the Soviets - the Soviets

called off the blockade but called off the blockade but American and British flights American and British flights still still supplied the city until supplied the city until September 1949 in case Russia changed their mindsSeptember 1949 in case Russia changed their minds

The West Berliners continually fought off Soviet attempts to The West Berliners continually fought off Soviet attempts to take them over because it was obvious the airlift could go take them over because it was obvious the airlift could go on foreveron forever

May 1949May 1949, the airlift had become so damaging to the , the airlift had become so damaging to the Communists that Stalin was forced to back downCommunists that Stalin was forced to back down

Pictures Works CitedPictures Works Cited(Pic. Pg 1)(Pic. Pg 1)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/Photos/Russia/BerlinWall.jpg&imgrefurl=http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/Photos/Russia/BerlinWall.jpg&imgrefurl=http://novaonline.nvcc.edu/eli/evans/his135/Assignments/evans/his135/Assignments/Paragraph1.html&usg=__CAjVVNj2fgUY72h6jVC6Q208z80=&h=308&w=550&sz=113&hl=en&start=2&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Epf0FLZIj_PeOM:Paragraph1.html&usg=__CAjVVNj2fgUY72h6jVC6Q208z80=&h=308&w=550&sz=113&hl=en&start=2&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Epf0FLZIj_PeOM:&tbnh=74&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3DBerlin%2Bwall%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1I7ADBS_en%26tbs&tbnh=74&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3DBerlin%2Bwall%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1I7ADBS_en%26tbs%3Disch:1%3Disch:1

(Pic. Pg 2)(Pic. Pg 2)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/Everyone%2520Else/images-4/berlin-wall-falling-http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/Everyone%2520Else/images-4/berlin-wall-falling-3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/Everyone%2520Else/pages-4/Millions-celebrate-lousy-construction-of-Berlin-3.jpg&imgrefurl=http://scrapetv.com/News/News%2520Pages/Everyone%2520Else/pages-4/Millions-celebrate-lousy-construction-of-Berlin-Wall-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html&usg=__0DX5oLXs4wh-Y-Wall-Scrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html&usg=__0DX5oLXs4wh-Y-XorOiuDHutNu4=&h=303&w=400&sz=18&hl=en&start=6&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=3Z9M6fBnjwfvFM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3FqXorOiuDHutNu4=&h=303&w=400&sz=18&hl=en&start=6&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=3Z9M6fBnjwfvFM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3DBerlin%2Bwall%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1I7ADBS_en%26tbs%3Disch:1%3DBerlin%2Bwall%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1I7ADBS_en%26tbs%3Disch:1

(Pic. Pg 3) (Pic. Pg 3) http://247things.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/berlin-wall.jpghttp://247things.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/berlin-wall.jpg

(Pic. Pg 4) http://www.thefinestwriter.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/the-most-memorable-photos-of-the-fall-of-berlin-the-wall-2.jpg(Pic. Pg 4) http://www.thefinestwriter.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/the-most-memorable-photos-of-the-fall-of-berlin-the-wall-2.jpg

(Pic. Pg 5) (Pic. Pg 5) http://www.dailysoft.com/berlinwall/xgraphics/archive/maps/berlinmap_01.jpghttp://www.dailysoft.com/berlinwall/xgraphics/archive/maps/berlinmap_01.jpg

(Pic. Pg 7) (Pic. Pg 7) http://www.dhm.de/sammlungen/gifs/sammlungen/bildarchiv/IV/schirner/19957.jpghttp://www.dhm.de/sammlungen/gifs/sammlungen/bildarchiv/IV/schirner/19957.jpg

(Pic. Pg 8) http://iconicphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/berlin_airlift.jpg(Pic. Pg 8) http://iconicphotos.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/berlin_airlift.jpg

(Pic. Pg 9)(Pic. Pg 9)

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/BERLIN_A/TOON6.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/BERLIN_A/TOON6.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/BERLIN_A/CARTO_12.HTM&usg=__nQ1qqxjH9VGi3-whistlestop/BERLIN_A/CARTO_12.HTM&usg=__nQ1qqxjH9VGi3-vB7YKQRAe0ZKQ=&h=486&w=473&sz=129&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=DOcBBEDLHG5QRM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3FqvB7YKQRAe0ZKQ=&h=486&w=473&sz=129&hl=en&start=5&itbs=1&tbnid=DOcBBEDLHG5QRM:&tbnh=129&tbnw=126&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dberlin%2Bairlift%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1%3Dberlin%2Bairlift%26hl%3Den%26tbs%3Disch:1

(Pic. Pg 10) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.konnections.com/airlift/Candy01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.konnections.com/airlift/(Pic. Pg 10) http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.konnections.com/airlift/Candy01.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.konnections.com/airlift/autograph.htm&usg=__jd4TNdCCpHQRc9GElzgk7PS_cS0=&h=494&w=548&sz=76&hl=en&start=21&itbs=1&tbnid=uMGodsjN3egEkM:&tbnh=autograph.htm&usg=__jd4TNdCCpHQRc9GElzgk7PS_cS0=&h=494&w=548&sz=76&hl=en&start=21&itbs=1&tbnid=uMGodsjN3egEkM:&tbnh=120&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dberlin%2Bairlift%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1120&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dberlin%2Bairlift%26start%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26ndsp%3D20%26tbs%3Disch:1

Facts Works CitedFacts Works Cited

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"The Berlin Airlift and NATO []." "The Berlin Airlift and NATO []." Ushistory.orgUshistory.org. Web. 24 May 2010. http://www.ushistory.org/us/52d.asp. . Web. 24 May 2010. http://www.ushistory.org/us/52d.asp.

"Berlin Wall." "Berlin Wall." Berlin Life | Travel Guide | Berlin Apartments Hotels Restaurants Bars Pubs and Berlin Life | Travel Guide | Berlin Apartments Hotels Restaurants Bars Pubs and Shops Berlin | GermanyShops Berlin | Germany. Web. 25 May 2010. <http://www.berlin-life.com/berlin/wall>.. Web. 25 May 2010. <http://www.berlin-life.com/berlin/wall>.

"Berlin Airlift." "Berlin Airlift." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: WarGale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: War. Ed. Anne Marie Hacht and Dwayne D. Hayes. . Ed. Anne Marie Hacht and Dwayne D. Hayes. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Student Resource Center - GoldStudent Resource Center - Gold. Web. 25 May 2010.. Web. 25 May 2010.

"Berlin Wall." "Berlin Wall." Berlin Life | Travel Guide | Berlin Apartments Hotels Restaurants Bars Pubs and Berlin Life | Travel Guide | Berlin Apartments Hotels Restaurants Bars Pubs and Shops Berlin | GermanyShops Berlin | Germany. Web. 25 May 2010. <http://www.berlin-life.com/berlin/wall>.. Web. 25 May 2010. <http://www.berlin-life.com/berlin/wall>.

"The Berlin Airlift, June 24, 1948-May 12, 1949." "The Berlin Airlift, June 24, 1948-May 12, 1949." DISCovering U.S. HistoryDISCovering U.S. History. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, . Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. 2003. Student Resource Center - GoldStudent Resource Center - Gold. Web. 25 May 2010.. Web. 25 May 2010.