bentham and hooker’s system of angiosperm … · of angiosperms, the artificial systems of...
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BENTHAM AND HOOKER’S SYSTEM
OF ANGIOSPERM CLASSIFICATION
COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
PROF. NANDITA BHAKATAssistant professor
Department of Botany
Narajole Raj College
BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.
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INTRODUCTION Classification denotes the arrangement of a single plantor group of plants an distinct category following asystem of nomenclature, and in accordance with aparticular and well established plan.
Some of the earlier systems of classification ofangiosperms were artificial systems, since they used onlycertain superficial characteristics as the basis.
With more and more detailed study on themorphological, physiological and reproductive aspectsof angiosperms, the artificial systems of classifications
were replaced by the natural systems of classification.
COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.
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George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker - Two English
taxonomists who were closely associated with the Royal Botanical
Garden at Kew, England have given a detailed classification of
plant kingdom, particularly the angiosperms.
They gave an outstanding system of classification of phanerogams
in their Genera Plantarum which was published in three volumes
between the years 1862 to 1883. It is a natural system of
classification.
They described 97,205 species of flowering plants grouped into
202 orders (now recognised as families).
The system has the advantage of being the first great natural
system of classification, which is very easy to follow.
COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.
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George Bentham
1800-1884
Joseph Dalton Hooker
1817-1911
COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.
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COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY PROF. NANDITA BHAKAT, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE
BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.
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SUB-CLASS - POLYPETALAE
petals separate
THALAMIFLORAE DISCIFLORAE CALYCIFLORAE
Parietales
Polygalineae
Caryophyllineae
Guttiferales
Malvales
Ranales Geraniales
Olacales
Celastrales
Sapindales
Rosales
Myrtales
Passiflorales
Ficoidales
Umbellales
Series
Orders Orders Orders
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THALAMIFLORAEMany stamens in the androecium.
Flower is hypogynous
Ranales
Ranunculaceae
Dilleniaceae
Calycanthaceae
Families
Parietales
Families
Polygalineae
Pittosporaceae
Tremandraceae
Polygalaceae
Families
Caryophyllineae Guttiferales
Elatinaceae
Hypericaceae
Guttiferae
Families Families
Malvales
Families
Sarraceniaceae
Papaveraceae
Cruciferae
Capparaceae
Resedaceae
Cistaceae
Violaceae
Frankeniaceae
Caryophyllaceae
Portulacaceae
Tamaricaceae
Malvaceae
Sterculiaceae
Tiliaceae
Annonaceae
Menispermaceae
Magnoliaceae
Berberidaceae
Nymphaceae Canellaceae
Bixaceae.
Theaceae
Dipterocarpaceae
Sarcolaenaceae
Orders
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DISCIFLORAE Hypogynous flowers with a cushion-like disc around or below the ovary
Olacales
Olacaceae
Aquifoliaceae
Families
Sapindales
Families
Sapindaceae
Meliosmaceae
Anacardiaceae
Celastrales
Families
Celastraceae
Stackhousiaceae
Rhamnaceae
Vitaceae
Dichapetalaceae
Geraniales
Families
Linaceae
Humiriaceae
Malpighiaceae
Zygophyllaceae
Geraniaceae
Rutaceae
Simaroubaceae
Ochnaceae
Burseraceae
Meliaceae
Coriariaceae
Moringaceae
Orders
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CALYCIFLORAEFlowers epigynous or perigynous
Thalamus is in the form of a cup
Myrtales
Rhizophoraceae
Combretaceae
Myrtaceae
Families
Passiflorales
Families
Umbellales
Families
Umbelliferae
Araliaceae
Cornaceae
Rosales
Connaraceae
Leguminosae
Rosaceae
Families
Crassulaceae
Droseraceae
Saxifragaceae
Hamamelidaceae
Bruniaceae
Loasaceae
Turneraceae
Passifloraceae
Cucurbitaceae
Ficoidales
Cactaceae
Aizoaceae
Families
Haloragaceae
Melastomataceae
Lythraceae
Onagraceae
Begoniaceae
Datiscaceae
Orders
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SUB-CLASS - GAMOPETALAE
petals fused
INFERAE HETEROMERAE BICARPELLATAE
Rubiales
Asterales
Campanulales
Ericales
Primulales
Ebenales
Gentianales
Polemoniales
Personiales
Lamiales
Orders Orders Orders
Series
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INFERAE
Flowers with inferior ovary
Campanulales
Families
Stylidaceae
Goodeniaceae
Campanulaceae
Asterales
Families
Valerianaceae
Dipsacaceae
Calyceraceae
Compositae
Rubiales
Families
Caprifoliaceae
Rubiaceae
Orders
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HETEROMERAEFlowers with superior ovary
Number of carpels - more than two
Ebenales
Families
Sapotaceae
Ebenaceae
Styracaceae
Primulales
Families
Plumbaginaceae
Primulaceae
Myrsinaceae
Ericales
Families
Ericaceae
Clethraceae
Epacridaceae
Diapensiaceae
Lennoceae
Orders
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BICARPELLATAEOvary superior, with 2 carpels
Lamiales
Families
Myoporaceae
Verbenaceae
Labiatae
Personiales
Families
Gentianales
Families
Oleaceae
Salvadoraceae
Apocynaceae
Asclepiadaceae
Loganiaceae
Polemoniales
Families
Polemoniaceae
Hydrophyllaceae
Boraginaceae
Convolvulaceae
Solanaceae
Gentianaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Globulariaceae
Lentibulariaceae
Gesneriaceae
Bignoniaceae
Pedaliaceae
Acanthaceae
Plantaginaceae
Orders
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MONOCHLAMYDEAE
only 1 kind of perianth
Curvembryae
Nyctaginaceae
Amaranthaceae
Chenopodiaceae
Families
Multiovulate
Aquaticae
Multiovulate
Terrestris
Podostemaceae Nepenthaceae
Cyinaceae
Myristicaceae
Families Families
Microembryae
Piperaceae
Chloranthaceae
Myristicaceae
Monimiaceae
Families
Achlamydo
-sporaeUnisexuales
Loranthaceae
Santalaceae
Balanophoraceae
Euphorbiaceae
Balanopaceae
Urticaceae
Ficoidales Platanaceae
Families Families
Ordines
Anomali
Salicaceae
Empetraceae
Ceratophyllaceae
Ficoidales Lacisternaceae
Families
Daphnales
Lauraceae
Proteaceae
Thymelaeaceae
Penaeaceae
Families
Batidaceae
Polygonaceae
Phytolaccaceae
ElaegnaceaeLeitneriaceae
Juglandaceae
Myricaceae
ficoidales Casuarinaceae
Betulaceae
Series
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BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C10T: PLANT SYSTEMATICS, UNIT-4: SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION.
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CLASS-MONOCOTYLEDONAE
1 cotyledon, flowers trimerous
Microspermae
Hydrocharitaceae
Burmanniaceae
Orchidaceae
Families
Epigynae
Families
Coronarieae
Roxburghiceae
Liliaceae
Pontederiaceae
Xyridaceae
Families
Nudiflorae Apocarpae
Pandanaceae
Cyclanthaceae
Typhaceae
Triuridaceae
Alismataceae
Najadaceae
Families Families
Glumaceae
Families
Calycinae
Flagellariaceae
Juncaceae
Palmae
Families
Scitamineae
Bromeliaceae
Haemodoraceae
Iridaceae
Amaryllidaceae
Taccaceae
Dioscoreaceae
Philydraceae
Commelinaceae
Mayacaceae
Rapateaceae
Araceae
Lemnaceae
Eriocaulaceae
Centrolepidaceae
Restionaceae
Cyperaceae
Gramineae
Series
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RANUNCULACEAE
Delphinium amplibracteatum
Ranunculus laetus
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PAPAVERACEAEArgemone mexicana
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Citrus
aurantifolia
Murraya paniculata
RUTACEAE
Murraya koenigii
Citrus limon
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LEGUMINOSAE
Lathyrus odoratus
Pisum sativum
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ROSACEAE
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UMBELLIFERAE
Coriandrum sativum -
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COMPOSITAE
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ASCLEPIADACEAEAsclepias quinquedentata
Calotropis
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SOLANACEAE Nicotiana glauca
Solanum nigrum
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LAMIALES
Ocimun
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EUPHORBIACEAE
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbia pulcherime
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GLUMACEAE
Triticum aestivum
Oryza sativa
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DRAWBACKS Gymnosperms were placed between Dicots and
Monocots.
Many important floral characters were neglected.
It is not a phylogenetic scheme.
Some of the closely related families have been separated and placed under different cohotrs and a number of unrelated families put together.
Some advanced families like Orchidaceae have been regarded as primitive by placing in the beginning.
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THANK YOU
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