Benito Mussolini“Il Duce” –the leader

Rise of Fascism in Italy

“All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state.”

-Mussolini

Traits of Totalitarians

Leader1. Unite his/her people as a common goal2. Symbol of the government

Dictatorship3. Dominates the government 4. Gets devotion of loyal followers

Ideology5. Glorification of the past6. Justification of actions

Traits of TotalitariansState Control

1. Business control2. Control labor3. Control children and the schools4. Media (newspaper, radio, movies, etc.)5. Religion6. Art

Control Individual7. Total obedience8. Personal sacrifice9. Denial of personal liberties for the good of the state

Modern Technology10. Mass communication11. Spread propaganda12. build up weapons

Traits of Totalitarians

Organize Violence1. Force2. Terror3. Crush opponents4. Labor camps

Fascism

1. Stressed nationalism and placed state’s interests over individual's

Claims: A strong nation, all power must rest with one person.

Causes for fascism in Italy:Problems: After WW1 unemployment,

inflation, social unrest rose*People feared communistMany took advantage of these conditions

and sought power.Italy: 1. Suffered heavy military casualties2. Food shortage3. Rising food prices4. Unemployment & business failure

Causes for fascism in Italy:

Fascism in ItalySpoke about Italian’s military strength and glory of ancient Rome.Gained support from the unemployed and soldiersOrganized the “Blackshirts”

Oct. 1922 – Mussolini and his followers seized the government in Rome and overthrew King Victor Emmanuel II

El Duce

Mussolini actions

Encouraged: Italians to have more children

Raise taxes for single men Open job for women

Fascists Slogan: “Believe! Obey! Fight!”Fascists goal: Control the Mediterranean World

Fascist Italy Aggression

October 3, 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia

Emperor Haile Selassie protested to the League of Nations

League of Nations’ Action- 1. Labeled Italy an “Aggressor” 2. Boycott of Italian goods

Boycott failed

Rome-Berlin Axis Agreement 1936

“Pact of Steel”--Signed by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini on May 22, 1939

Other event unfolds leading to WW2

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Rhineland (1936), Austria (1937), Czechoslovakia (1938), and Albania (1939)

Benito Mussolini