beneficial electrification: opportunities and ... · mj bradley, accelerating the electric vehicle...
TRANSCRIPT
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Jessica Shipley
US Associate
Regulatory Assistance Project
2018 NACAA Spring Membership Meeting
Chattanooga, Tennessee
Beneficial Electrification: Opportunities and Considerations for Air Quality
MAY 23, 2018
Washington, D.C. [email protected]
503-816-2639
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Electrification:
The use of electricity in end uses
that would otherwise be powered
by fossil fuels (natural gas or
petroleum).
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 4
54%
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
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So, when is electrification beneficial?
But, not all electrification is created equal.
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 6
Beneficial Electrification (BE) Can Provide a Window of Opportunity
1. Saves Customers
Money Long-Term;
More Services
2. Reduces Environmental
Impacts
3. Enables Better Grid
Management
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 7
1. Saves Customers Money
Long-Term Photo credit: Flickr 401(k) 2012
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 8
2. Reduces Environmental
Impacts
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 9
3. Enables Better Grid
Management
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Beneficial Electrification – Transportation
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Efficiency of Electric Vehicles
Source: JJ MCoy, ”Building “good load” to reduce carbon emissions”, 2016. http://nwenergy.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Transpo-Electrification-TE-Workpaper-1-25-2016-FINAL.pdf.zip
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
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So, what does that mean for consumers, the environment,
and the grid?
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Gasoline
Vehicle:
3,000 kWh / year x 13¢ / kWh
= $390 / year
Fuel savings: $450 / year
350 gallons / year @ $2.40 / gallon
= $840 / year
EV:
Assessing BE: Customer Costs
Vehicle assumptions: Both vehicles drive 10,000 miles per year. Gasoline vehicle efficiency = 28.6 mpg (2015 adjusted fuel economy for cars). EV efficiency = 30kWh/1000 miles (roughly equivalent to a Nissan Leaf).
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Source: Aber, Judah, ”Electric Bus Analysis for New York City Transit,” Columbia University, May 2016.
Assessing BE: Environmental Benefit
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® Source: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=31012
Assessing Environmental Benefit: Trends Are Important
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® 16
Nitrogen Oxides – National Trends
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2016
Electric Utilities Transportation Industrial & Other Processes Other Sectors
Source: U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory, 2016
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
As the Grid Gets Cleaner, So Do Electric Devices
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Assessing BE: Better Grid Management
Avoid Home Charging during
these hours
Workplace Charging
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
NOx emissions - PJM
Other Principles to Consider: Marginal Emissions
Source: https://www.pjm.com/~/media/library/reports-notices/special-reports/20170317-2016-emissions-report.ashx
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
MJ Bradley, Accelerating the Electric Vehicle Market, 2017, P. 16, derived from Idaho National Energy Laboratory data.
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Other Principles to Consider: Rate Design
EV Charging Patterns – Rate Design Comparison
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
1. BE means electricity use may increase, but overall
energy-related emissions decrease
2. When electricity is used affects emissions and cost
3. BE may allow states to get ahead on achieving air
quality standards
4. Key role for air regulators: ensure BE happens
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Takeaways
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Beneficial Electrification – blog post series
Opportunity Knocks for Beneficial Electrification – webinar
Teaching the Duck to Fly
Using Energy Efficiency to Advance Air Quality Compliance
Retooling Regulation: Integrating Environmental and Energy Planning through a multi-
pollutant E-Merge Approach
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Resources
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About RAP
The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)® is an independent, non-
partisan, non-governmental organization dedicated to accelerating the
transition to a clean, reliable, and efficient energy future.
Learn more about our work at raponline.org
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Extra slides
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Monthly average fuel economy for battery-electric and
CNG buses (mpDGE)
Efficiency of Electric Buses
Source: NREL, 2016 https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy16osti/65274.pdf
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Source: National Port Strategy Assessment: Reducing Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases at U.S. Ports. See: https://www.epa.gov/ports-initiative/national-port-strategy-assessment.
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NOx Savings From Port Electrification
Technology Typical NOx emissions (lbs/year)
Potential load impact (MWh/year)
NOx emissions from electrification
% reduction in NOx (overall)
RTG Cranes 5400 368 368 93
Yard Tractors 1600 78 78 95
Shore Power (per call)
900-1600 16-68 16-68 98
Switcher locomotives
16500 775 775 95
Forklifts 800 25 25 97
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Nancy Ryan and Lucy McKenzie, Utilities’ Role in Transport Electrification: Capturing Benefits for All Ratepayers, April
2016 https://www.fortnightly.com/fortnightly/2016/04/utilities-role-transport-electrification-capturing-benefits-all-ratepayers
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Electricity system benefit from EVs charged with TOU rates
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Williams, J.H., B. Haley, R. Jones (2015). Policy implications of deep decarbonization in the United States. A report of the Deep Decarbonization Pathways
Project of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network and the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations. Nov 17, 2015
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Lifetimes until replacement of key infrastructure
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Source: SMUD
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Smart Residential Rate Design
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Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP)®
Gasoline
vehicle:
Assessing BE – Environmental Benefit
3000 kWh charging on
100% coal = 6426 pounds CO2
100% gas = 2386 pounds CO2
And cleaner from there…
350 gallons/ year x 19.6 lbsCO2/ gallon
= 6860 pounds CO2
EV: