BELLWORK• Read an excerpt from John L. O’Sullivan’s essay, “Annexation.”1. In 3-5 sentences, summarize O’Sullivan’s argument. 2. O’Sullivan says “we must onward to the fulfillment of our

mission.” What does he mean by this? What is the U.S. “mission?”

3. In this article, O’Sullivan continually argues that America will preserve moral dignity, freedom and equality. How does this contradict what actually happens during U.S. expansion?

4. THINKER: List three arguments for expansionism. Why would the U.S. and its citizens want to expand and move West?

America’s Growing Population• In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the 13

states.• By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states.• Average American woman had five children.• Half of America’s population was under 17.•Many people felt that in order to achieve

success within a huge population they would have to move West.

Migrating West of the Appalachians

1610 3,800

1620 4,100

1630 4,600

1650 50,400

1670 111,900

1690 210,400

1700 250,900

1720 466,200

1740 905,600

1750 1,170,800

1770 2,148,100

1780 2,780,400

1790 3,929,214

1800 5,308,483

1810 7,239,881

1820 9,638,453

1830 12,866,020

1840 17,069,453

1850 23,191,876

1860 31,443,321

1870 38,558,371

1880 50,189,209

1890 62,979,766

1900 76,212,168

1910 92,228,496

1920 106,021,537

1930 123,202,624

1940 132,164,569

1950 151,325,798

1960 179,323,175

1970 203,211,926

1980 226,545,805

1990 248,709,873

2000 281,421,906

2010 308,745,53

Population growth in

America by decade

Manifest Destiny• “From sea to shining

sea”• Belief that the United

States was destined to expand across the North American continent. • Used to justify war

with Mexico and taking over Native American land.

• http://thesocietypages.org/graphicsociology/2011/05/13/center-of-us-population-us-census-1790-2010/

The Louisiana Purchase• In 1803, President Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy

all of the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million.• This nearly doubled the size of the U.S.• Next, President Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and

William Clark to lead explorations of the new territory.• Lewis and Clark traveled all the way to the Pacific

Ocean, while creating the first completed map of the U.S.• Their detailed reports and maps sparked the interest of

Americans and caused thousands of families to move West.

Manifest Destiny• Florida: Ceded (given) to the United States as

a part of the Adams - Onis Treaty in 1819• Oregon (1846)- Russia, France, Britain and the

United States all had claims in the area. • The U.S. negotiated with the countries and

established the boundary at 42-north latitude.

Manifest Destiny - Discussion

• Do you think the Americans accomplished their goal of Manifest Destiny? Why or why not?•What purchase/gain of land do you think

was the most valuable? • As Americans move west, who’s land are

they really taking over? If the U.S. is supposed to preserve equality, why do they disregard the Natives?