Bellwork: Monday, February 23Bellwork: Monday, February 23

1.1. Pick up Lesson 12 Study GuidePick up Lesson 12 Study Guide2.2. Write your name on the front Write your name on the front

pagepage3.3. Draw the 7 continents and 4 Draw the 7 continents and 4

major oceans on the back (you major oceans on the back (you may refer to the map on p. 618) may refer to the map on p. 618) you have 5 minutes to finish.you have 5 minutes to finish.

4.4. Read about the disputed election Read about the disputed election on page. 361, be prepared to on page. 361, be prepared to discuss.discuss.

Bellwork: Wednesday, February 25Bellwork: Wednesday, February 25

1.1. Read Chapter 13, Section 2 & 3 Read Chapter 13, Section 2 & 3 2. Answer study guide questions 2. Answer study guide questions

#16-27 #16-27

The answer to # 28 is:The answer to # 28 is:54’ 40’ or Fight54’ 40’ or Fight

Thursday, March 5Thursday, March 5

1.1.Get a piece of copy paper Get a piece of copy paper and write your name on it.and write your name on it.

2.2.Do not do anything else Do not do anything else until told to do sountil told to do so..

Wednesday, March 4Wednesday, March 41.1. Pick up 3 handounts from front Pick up 3 handounts from front

tabletable2. Get in a group of 2-3 people2. Get in a group of 2-3 people3. Read the handouts and discuss 3. Read the handouts and discuss

the answers to the following the answers to the following questions:questions:

1)1)What are some of the major components of the What are some of the major components of the idea of Manifest Destiny?idea of Manifest Destiny?

2)2)What did the 19What did the 19thth century Americans value? century Americans value? Where did they look for their national identity?Where did they look for their national identity?

3)3)How would you describe the Mexican How would you describe the Mexican perspective? What did the Mexicans most perspective? What did the Mexicans most value? Where did they look for their national value? Where did they look for their national identity?identity?

4)4)Think about ways that these different Think about ways that these different perspectives may have contributed to conflicts perspectives may have contributed to conflicts among these peoples.among these peoples.

AdamsAdams Spent life studying Spent life studying

politicspolitics Favored a large Favored a large

Federal GovernmentFederal Government Not well liked; Not well liked;

described as a “cold described as a “cold personality.”personality.”

Viewed as a wealthy Viewed as a wealthy aristocrat.aristocrat.

JacksonJackson From Rural From Rural

TennesseeTennessee Favored small Favored small

Federal GovernmentFederal Government Well liked; very Well liked; very

charismaticcharismatic Gained respect of Gained respect of

“everyday” “everyday” AmericansAmericans

Represented the Represented the “Self-Made man”“Self-Made man”

The Corrupt BargainThe Corrupt Bargain

John Q. Adams and Henry Clay

WHY? Jackson thought he was cheated out of the presidency. Clay was

givena position in the cabinet for

helpingAdams win.

1. The Unpopular President: 1. The Unpopular President: John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams

News of corrupt bargain bothered people;

Many of his programs were disliked.

The rise of democracy!The rise of democracy!

Jackson won presidency in 1828.

Most of his support came from the South, West, and Eastern factory workers.

2. Democratic Party

THE SPOILS SYSTEMTHE SPOILS SYSTEM

After being elected, Jackson fired many government employees and replaced them with his supporters.

Although this practice had been quietly followed by previous presidents, Jackson openly defended it. He declared shortly after his election,

“To the victor belong the spoils of the

enemy.”

Party Symbols by Thomas Party Symbols by Thomas NastNast

RepublicanRepublican-dignified -dignified

-strong-strong

-conservative-conservative

But…….But…….

-bungling-bungling

-pompous-pompous

DemocratDemocrat-humble-humble

-smart-smart

-persistent-persistent

But…….But…….

-stubborn-stubborn

-homely-homely

Trail of Tears (1838-1839)Trail of Tears (1838-1839)Trail of Tears (1838-1839)Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

The Indian Removal Act was passed byThe Indian Removal Act was passed byCongress and provided federal funds toCongress and provided federal funds to

remove N.A. from eastern U.S. remove N.A. from eastern U.S.

At first Native Americans refused.At first Native Americans refused.

Jackson used his powers as President and sent Jackson used his powers as President and sent troops.troops.

They were forced to sign treaties at gun point.They were forced to sign treaties at gun point.

John Ross led march to Oklahoma.John Ross led march to Oklahoma.

Brutal weather………….. ………….frozen Brutal weather………….. ………….frozen grounds… ………….heavy burdens…………………grounds… ………….heavy burdens…………………many, many died……………….many, many died……………….

Evaluate the impactEvaluate the impact

Forced to reservations in Oklahoma Forced to reservations in Oklahoma Territory.Territory.

Those who resisted were imprisoned Those who resisted were imprisoned or killed.or killed.

Many died on the journey West.Many died on the journey West.Lands were taken from them.Lands were taken from them.

Osceola Makes WarOsceola Makes War Seminole leader who refused to give up land in Florida and declared war Seminole leader who refused to give up land in Florida and declared war

against the federal government. (drove a knife through the treaty)against the federal government. (drove a knife through the treaty)

““I love my land and I will not go from it.”I love my land and I will not go from it.”

1837- captured - put in prison1837- captured - put in prison in North Carolinain North Carolina

He died in January 1838He died in January 1838

3. Map represents the 3. Map represents the Trail of Trail of Tears.Tears.4. As a result of the 4. As a result of the Indian Indian Removal ActRemoval Act,,

the Cherokee were forced the Cherokee were forced westward.westward.

5. 5. Martin Van Buren Martin Van Buren

After two “successful” After two “successful” terms in office, Jackson terms in office, Jackson did not run again. did not run again.

Martin Van Buren of Martin Van Buren of New York, Jackson’s New York, Jackson’s Vice President, won Vice President, won election of the election of the presidency in 1836presidency in 1836

88thth President President

ProblemsProblems National Bank had closed.National Bank had closed.

Many states began to print paper money at a rapid pace.Many states began to print paper money at a rapid pace.

Banks did not have enough specie to back up the Banks did not have enough specie to back up the money. money.

Prices increased.Prices increased.

Speculators were everywhere.Speculators were everywhere.

Too many people used “credit.”Too many people used “credit.”

Panic of 1837 Panic of 1837 Jackson demanded Jackson demanded

=land only be bought =land only be bought with specie. (gold, with specie. (gold, silver)silver)

Land prices fell.Land prices fell.

People could not People could not pay debts.pay debts.

Banks could not Banks could not recover loans they recover loans they had made.had made.

People panicked.People panicked.

In a domino effect, the In a domino effect, the prices of cotton dropped prices of cotton dropped and the price of and the price of manufactured goods in manufactured goods in the Northeast also fell, the Northeast also fell, and farmers out west had and farmers out west had a bad crop due to bad a bad crop due to bad weather.weather.

depression=businesses decline; jobs are lost

The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

Van Buren = government should leave the economy alone

the panic took a while to be relieved

Van Buren =The Federal Treasury

to prevent another panic…..

6. 6. William Henry HarrisonWilliam Henry Harrison

The Election of 1840The Election of 1840The Whigs =rich and well-to-do, wanted to change this image.

They wanted a candidate that could appeal to the common people.

They chose war hero William Henry Harrison.

7. The Log Cabin Campaign7. The Log Cabin Campaign With Americans having no With Americans having no

way of knowing Harrison’s way of knowing Harrison’s true past, the Whigs true past, the Whigs bombarded the nation bombarded the nation portraying Harrison as a portraying Harrison as a simple, frontiersman.simple, frontiersman.

The key to their campaign The key to their campaign was saying that Harrison was saying that Harrison was born in a log cabin.was born in a log cabin.

His campaign became His campaign became known simply as the “Log known simply as the “Log Cabin Campaign”.Cabin Campaign”.

The strategy worked.The strategy worked.

The Death of William Henry HarrisonThe Death of William Henry Harrison

Harrison was only in office for one month. While campaigning, he got sick, and then gave his acceptance speech in very bad weather.

8. Harrison caught pneumonia, and died.

His Vice President, John Tyler, became the first Vice President to become president upon the death of an acting president.

9. 9. Fertile soil, mild climate, Fertile soil, mild climate, and fur bearing animalsand fur bearing animals

9. 9. Fertile soil, mild climate, Fertile soil, mild climate, and fur bearing animalsand fur bearing animals

WHY TRAVEL TO OREGON COUNTRY?

CLAIMING OREGON CLAIMING OREGON COUTNRYCOUTNRY

CLAIMING OREGON CLAIMING OREGON COUTNRYCOUTNRY

10. 10. •U.S. •Great Britain•Russia•Spain

The Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner PartyThe Doomed Donner Party

April, 1846 – April, 1847April, 1846 – April, 1847

The Doomed Donner The Doomed Donner PartyParty

The Doomed Donner The Doomed Donner PartyParty

James Reed & WifeJames Reed & Wife

Of the 83 members of the Donner Party,

only 45 survived to get to

California!

Of the 83 members of the Donner Party,

only 45 survived to get to

California!

CANNIBALISMCANNIBALISM

IMPORTANCE OF MOUNTAIN MENIMPORTANCE OF MOUNTAIN MEN

Davy CrockettDavy Crockett Jedediah Smith Jedediah Smith

James Beckworth James Beckworth Jim Bridger Jim Bridger

Manuel Lisa Manuel Lisa

11. Evaluate the IMPORTANCE OF MOUNTAIN MEN

showed Indian trails to settlers heading west

led journeys

up major

rivers

discovered mountain

passes that later became major roads and routes

12. Rendezvous –

12. Rendezvous –

--discuss events

discuss events

-happenings

-happenings

-trade-trade

-communicate

-communicate

-fun-fun

Yellowstone National ParkYellowstone National ParkYellowstone National ParkYellowstone National Park

First First national national

park park establisheestablished in 1872.d in 1872.

13. Missionaries- first white Americans to settle 13. Missionaries- first white Americans to settle permanently in Oregon/permanently in Oregon/helped Native Americans/helped Native Americans/

helped create interest in the Westhelped create interest in the West

Marcus and Narcissa WhitmanMarcus and Narcissa Whitman

14. 14. Oregon TrailOregon Trail

Problems?Problems?

15. 15. Cholera and other diseasesCholera and other diseases

Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836Independence, 1836Key Figures in Texas Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836Independence, 1836

16. Stephen Austin

Mexico wanted settlers to develop the land and help control Indian attacks

Conflict between Mexico and Conflict between Mexico and American SettlersAmerican Settlers

Conflict between Mexico and Conflict between Mexico and American SettlersAmerican Settlers

17.-Texas settlers felt no loyalty to Mexico-Mexico feared losing Texas due to so many Americans coming in.

1830: banning of Anglo-immigration

Mexican Constitution = GoneMexican Constitution = Gone Mexican Constitution = GoneMexican Constitution = Gone

18. Santa Anna

19. Sam Houston

March 1836March 1836

20. Siege Texans resisted large numbers

of Mexicans troops for 12 days. Other Texans were inspired to continue the

fight for freedom.

Remember the Remember the Alamo!Alamo!

Remember the Remember the Alamo!Alamo!

Victory at Victory at last…last…

21. The Battle of San Jacinto

Santa Anna captured….

22. Problems for Texas 22. Problems for Texas After IndependenceAfter Independence

22. Problems for Texas 22. Problems for Texas After IndependenceAfter Independence

--Mexico refused to recognize Texas independence.--Financial problems--Indian attacks on communities

Annexation of Annexation of Texas Texas

Annexation of Annexation of Texas Texas 23. People were divided about whether to 23. People were divided about whether to annexannex

Texas. Texas. Texas wanted to enter as a slave state. Texas wanted to enter as a slave state. Northerners didn’t want another slave state in Northerners didn’t want another slave state in the Union.the Union.

--Jackson & Van Buren = No!--Jackson & Van Buren = No!

--Northerners = No!--Northerners = No!

--Southerners = Yes!--Southerners = Yes!

In 1840, In 1840, Mexico Mexico ruled ruled

California California and all of and all of

the the Southwest.Southwest.

24. New Mexico Territory(Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Utah)

**and some of Colorado & Wyoming**

VaquerosVaquerosVaquerosVaqueros

America’s “first true cowboys”America’s “first true cowboys”

25. 25. “Manifest Destiny“Manifest Destiny””25. 25. “Manifest Destiny“Manifest Destiny”” First coined by newspaper editor, John

O’Sullivan in 1845. First coined by newspaper editor, John

O’Sullivan in 1845.

".... the right of our Manifest Destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence

has given us for the development of the great experiment of

liberty and development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion

of its principle and destiny of growth."

".... the right of our Manifest Destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence

has given us for the development of the great experiment of

liberty and development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion

of its principle and destiny of growth." A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged. A myth of the West as a land of

romance and adventure emerged.

26. 26. John TylerJohn Tyler26. 26. John TylerJohn Tyler--10th president

--Dropped out of race for re-election

--weak support

--worked to annex Texas

27. 27. James K. PolkJames K. Polk

1111thth President of the President of the United StatesUnited States

Wants expansion Wants expansion

(Texas and Oregon)(Texas and Oregon)

--effective campaign--effective campaign

The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!The Oregon Dispute: The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight!54’ 40º or Fight!

28.

54’40 or Fight

28.

54’40 or Fight29.

U.S. and Britain agreed to

divide the land and signed a

treaty.

29.

U.S. and Britain agreed to

divide the land and signed a

treaty.

The Texas Trick to Get Annexed!!!The Texas Trick to Get Annexed!!!The Texas Trick to Get Annexed!!!The Texas Trick to Get Annexed!!! U.S. recognized in 1837U.S. recognized in 1837 Uneasy peaceUneasy peace Houston’s trickHouston’s trick30. 30. Congress passed Congress passed

a joint resolution a joint resolution admitting Texas as a admitting Texas as a state in 1845 because state in 1845 because they were afraid that they were afraid that Texas may ally with Texas may ally with Britain.Britain.

Texas=1845 (28Texas=1845 (28thth state) state)

The Brink of WarThe Brink of War

James K. Polk sends troops to Mexico.James K. Polk sends troops to Mexico.

The Mexican War (1846-1848) Declared on May The Mexican War (1846-1848) Declared on May 1313……..

The Mexican War (1846-1848) Declared on May The Mexican War (1846-1848) Declared on May 1313……..

31. Causes of the Mexican War?31. Causes of the Mexican War? 31. Causes of the Mexican War?31. Causes of the Mexican War?

1. Annexation of Texas2. Americans wanted

California.3. Belief in Manifest Destiny

32. The final incident for Congress?32. The final incident for Congress? 32. The final incident for Congress?32. The final incident for Congress?

Boundary disputes/clash at Rio Grande(American and Mexican troops argue about

boundaries.)

The Bombardment of Vera CruzThe Bombardment of Vera CruzThe Bombardment of Vera CruzThe Bombardment of Vera Cruz

33. “Mr. Polk’s War”

34. The Bear Flag Republic-34. The Bear Flag Republic-CaliforniaCalifornia34. The Bear Flag Republic-34. The Bear Flag Republic-CaliforniaCalifornia

John C. FrémontJohn C. Frémont

The Revolt - June 14, 1846The Revolt - June 14, 1846

California joined U.S. forces in 1847.

35. 35. Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ~1848 ~184835. 35. Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ~1848 ~1848

Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

Treaty of Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoGuadalupe-Hidalgo, , 18481848

Treaty of Treaty of Guadalupe-HidalgoGuadalupe-Hidalgo, , 18481848

==Mexico CEDED claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.

==Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.

==U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).

==Mexico CEDED claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River.

==Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.

==U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).

The Treaty was basically FORCED on Mexico!

36. Cede (give up) = 36. Cede (give up) = The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession36. Cede (give up) = 36. Cede (give up) = The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

Results of the Results of the Mexican WarMexican WarResults of the Results of the Mexican WarMexican War1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+

American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny realized.

6. Mexican Americans and Native Americans = treated unfairly

1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease).

2. New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)

3. These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South.

4. Created two popular generals who ran for President.

5. Manifest Destiny realized.

6. Mexican Americans and Native Americans = treated unfairly

37. To complete a 37. To complete a railroadrailroadThe Gadsden Purchase-1853The Gadsden Purchase-185337. To complete a 37. To complete a railroadrailroad

The Gadsden Purchase-1853The Gadsden Purchase-1853

Why?

38. Mining, irrigation skill, language, farming, architecture, food

Welcome Back!!! Have your study Welcome Back!!! Have your study guide out and pencil sharpened guide out and pencil sharpened

39. 39. Mormons Mormons = largest group in = largest group in Mexican CessionMexican Cession

40. Joseph Smith-40. Joseph Smith-Founder and Founder and first leader of Mormonsfirst leader of Mormons

41. 41. RefugeRefuge – – a place where someone is a place where someone is safe from persecutionsafe from persecution

42. Brigham Young was the

Morman leader who led the group to

settle in Utah. The Mormans moved

west to escape religious

persecution.

43. 43. John SutterJohn Sutter

Rushing to CaliforniaRushing to CaliforniaRushing to CaliforniaRushing to California

SUTTER’S MILLSite of the first gold find in California

44. 44. The Forty-NinersThe Forty-Niners44. 44. The Forty-NinersThe Forty-Niners

Gold

Fever

INSIDE A MINING CAMP CABIN

ProspectorsSeeker

s

Mining was tough - supplies were

Mining was tough - supplies were

very expensive, gamblers and

very expensive, gamblers and

thieves were everywhere.

thieves were everywhere.

Mining was tough - supplies were very expensive, gamblers and thieves were everywhere

Most in tentsNo police, no prisonsCrime=problem!!

45. Vigilantes… 45. Vigilantes… people that handed out punishment people that handed out punishment even though they had no legal right even though they had no legal right to do so in an effort to reduce to do so in an effort to reduce crime.crime.

46. Lynched – hanged without a trial

The End of the Gold RushThe End of the Gold Rush

47. Ghost towns

48. 48. Gold RushGold Rush

population population increasedincreased

Native AmericansNative Americans

laborers/reservatilaborers/reservationsons

California Enters As A Free State.

the 31st state on September 9, 1850

CHINESE INFLUENCE IN THE CALIFORNIA GOLD

RUSH

49. San Francisco

ROUTES TO THE GOLD FIELDS OF CALIFORNIA

Only about 1 in a 100 became wealthy because of gold.

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & California

Trails to the Pacific coast.

By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & California

Trails to the Pacific coast.

Lasting Effects of the Gold Rush50. People came from all over

the world and settled in California. CA has

the most diverse population in the WORLD.

California Fun Facts:California Fun Facts: California has the largest economy in the United States. California has the largest economy in the United States.

The Gold Rush sparked the biggest mass migration in the history of the The Gold Rush sparked the biggest mass migration in the history of the world.world.

More than 80% of the gold in California is still yet to be found. More than 80% of the gold in California is still yet to be found.

One out of every eight United States residents lives in California .One out of every eight United States residents lives in California .

California holds within it the most diverse environment on the planet.California holds within it the most diverse environment on the planet.

Between 1848 and 1852, four short years, California's population Between 1848 and 1852, four short years, California's population grew from 14,000 to 223,000. grew from 14,000 to 223,000. 

The state motto is Eureka !, a Greek word translated "I have The state motto is Eureka !, a Greek word translated "I have found it!" The motto was adopted in 1849 and originates from the found it!" The motto was adopted in 1849 and originates from the discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada .discovery of gold in the Sierra Nevada .

19.19.The “The “Accidental PresidentAccidental President,” ,” John Tyler, was responsible John Tyler, was responsible

for for the annexation of Texas.the annexation of Texas.

20.The “Expansionist” President,

James K. Polk, demandedManifest Destiny for the U.S.

21.As Zachary Taylor served

less than a year as president, the 49er’s were seeking gold.