bellwork: monday aug. 10, 2015 using fridays suffix/prefix list, find the meaning of with these...
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A cephalopod (headfoot)TRANSCRIPT
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Bellwork: Monday Aug. 10, 2015
Using Friday’s suffix/prefix list, find the meaning of with these words;
1. Arachnophilia = ______________ hint: Arachnophobia means fear of spiders.
2. Tripod = ______________3. Zoophilic = _________________
Now work backwards:1. Small head = ____________ 2. Germ killing = ________________3. Joint disease = _______________
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“microcephaly” is real…
From “American Horror Story”
From the early 1900’s “Schlitzie” the Pinhead
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A cephalopod (headfoot)
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1. Syllabus/Parent, Guardian Signature2. Grading3. Class “rules”
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1.1 1.1 What Is Science?What Is Science?
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Goals of Science are….to provide natural explanations for events in the natural world.
– to use those explanations to understand patterns in nature
– To make useful predictions about natural events.
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Chapter 1.1 What is Science?– Biology is not just a collection
of never-changing facts or unchanging beliefs about the world.
– Science rarely “proves” anything in absolute terms… it is an ongoing process.
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Science, Change, and Uncertainty – Despite all of our scientific knowledge, much of
nature remains a mystery. Almost every major scientific discovery raises more questions than it answers. This constant change shows that science continues to advance.
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Science, Change, and Uncertainty
– Learning about science means understanding what we know and what we don’t know.. Scientists aim for the best understanding of the natural world that current methods can reveal.
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Science is an organized way of gathering and analyzing evidence about the natural world.
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Steps in the Scientific Method1.observation: act of noticing & describing events or
processes in a careful, orderly way. (that marsh grass grows taller in some places than
others.)2. question: form questions about the observation:
Why do marsh grasses grow to different heights in different places?
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After posing questions, scientists use further observations to make:
3. inferences: logical interpretations based on what is known.
Prediction: (if the soil has more nutrients, then the grass will grow better) Infer: to figure out – to reason
Soil A Soil B
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4. hypothesis: a scientific explanation for observations that can be tested in ways that support or reject it.
ex: (Marsh grass grows better with more nutrients – nitrogen)
Soil A Soil B
Sorry you have to kind of write small on the 1st answer
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The inference here IS……?
something limits grass growth in some places. Based on the scientists knowledge of salt marshes... Scientists hypothesized that marsh grass growth is limited by available nitrogen.
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Controlling Variables 5. controlled experiment: Only one variable is changed, all other variables are kept unchanged, or controlled.
independent variable (or manipulated variable) variable that is changed by experimenter. Write: the CAUSE!
dependent variable (or responding variable): variable that changes in response to the independent variable. Write: the EFFECT!!
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– Experiments are divided into control and experimental groups.
control group: exposed to the same conditions as the experimental group except for one independent variable. Write: Only ONE variable can be tested at a tiime!!!
– Scientists set up several sets of control and experimental groups to try to reproduce or replicate their observations.
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– Researchers selected plots of marsh grass with similar plant density, soil type, input of freshwater, and height above average tide level, and divided them into control and experimental groups.
– Then they added nitrogen fertilizer (the independent variable) to the experimental plots, and observed the growth of marsh grass (the dependent variable) in both experimental and control plots.
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– Scientists record experimental observations, gathering information called data. There are two main types of data: quantitative data and qualitative data.
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6. Collecting and Analyzing Data
Quantitative data: numbers obtained by counting or measuring: number of plants per plot, plant sizes, and growth rates.
Qualitative data: descriptive characteristics that cannot usually be counted. Like: grass growing upright or sideways.
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Data can be organized into graphsThis graph shows how grass height changed over
time. The independent variable is always placed on the X axis. The dependent variable is always placed on the
Y axis.
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– Analysis showed that marsh grasses grew taller than controls by adding nitrogen.
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Sources of Error – The larger the sample
size, the more reliable the data.
– Researchers must be careful to avoid errors in data collection & analysis. Tools used to measure size & weight of marsh grasses, for example, have limited accuracy.
– Data analysis and sample size must be chosen carefully.
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7. Drawing Conclusions: Scientists use experimental data as evidence to support, reject, or revise the hypothesis being tested, and to draw a valid conclusion.
• New data may indicate researchers have the right idea but are wrong about things – so the hypothesis is revised, predictions made, and new experiments are designed.
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• Hypotheses may have to be revised and experiments redone several times before a final hypothesis is supported and conclusions can be drawn.
• Scientists never state: “The hypothesis … was “right” – or “wrong” ,instead they say “The hypothesis… was either supported or not supported.
• If the hypothesis is not supported scientists do not throw out their data. They keep it, and build upon it!What causes
stomach ulcers?
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Bellwork: Tues/Wed Aug. 16,17 2011
1. List the 6 Criteria of the Nature of Science from Mon: 1. C___________ 2.O__________ 3.______________
4.____________ 5._____________6._______________
2. Write in your own words what “to be biased” means: and then think of an example and
write it down: To be biased means_______________
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CONPTTBiased: Having a perspective being one-sided, judgmental, or prejudged.
Examples:
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Riddle: What is this called?
A “Pokewagon”
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Notes:Scientific Method1. observing 2. asking questions3. making inferences and predictions (if…then)4. forming hypotheses5. conducting controlled experiments6. collecting and analyzing data7. drawing conclusions.