bellwork how can you learn about recent advances in science? list some available resources. rate...

BELLWORK

How can you learn about recent advances in science?

List some available resources.

Rate these resources in regards to reliability, usefulness, and ease of use.

Alchemy

How did alchemy lay the groundwork for chemistry?

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Alchemy

Alchemists developed the tools and techniques for working with chemicals.

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Alchemy

Alchemists developed processes for separating mixtures and purifying chemicals. They designed equipment that is still in use today including beakers, flasks, tongs, funnels, and the mortar and pestle.

Mortar and Pestle

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An Experimental Approach to Science


How did Lavoisier help to transform chemistry?

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Lavoisier helped to transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today.

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Lavoisier designed a balance that could measure mass to the nearest 0.0005 gram. He also showed that oxygen is required for a material to burn.

Reconstruction of Lavoisier’s Laboratory

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The Scientific Method


What are the steps in the scientific method?

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The scientific method is a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem.

Steps in the scientific method include making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories.

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Making Observations

When you use your senses to obtain information, you make an observation.

Suppose you try to turn on a flashlight and it does not light. An observation can lead to a question: What’s wrong with the flashlight?

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Testing Hypotheses

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation.

You guess that the flashlight needs new batteries. You can test your hypothesis by putting new batteries in the flashlight. If the flashlight lights, you can be fairly certain that your hypothesis is true.

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An experiment is a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis. When you design experiments, you deal with variables, or factors that can change.

• The variable that you change during an experiment is the manipulated variable, or independent variable.

• The variable that is observed during the experiment is the responding variable, or dependent variable.

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Variable means “changing”

The manipulated variable changes because we manipulate (mess with) it.

The responding variable changes in response to the manipulated variable.

Hypothesis- Bubble size depends on gum flavor

Experiment- measure bubble size using different gum flavors

Manipulated variable- gum flavor

Responding variable- bubble size


Developing Theories

Once a hypothesis meets the test of repeated experimentation, it may become a theory.

• A theory is a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations.

• A theory may need to be changed at some point in the future to explain new observations or experimental results.

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Scientific Laws

A scientific law is a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments.

A scientific law doesn’t try to explain the relationship it describes. That explanation requires a theory.

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Steps in the Scientific Method

The Scientific Method1.3

Collaboration and Communication


What role do collaboration and communication play in science?

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No matter how talented the players on a team, one player cannot ensure victory for the team. Individuals must collaborate, or work together, for the good of the team.

When scientists collaborate and communicate, they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome.

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Collaboration

Scientists choose to collaborate for different reasons.

• Some research problems are so complex that no one person could have all of the knowledge, skills, and resources to solve the problem.

• Scientists might conduct research for an industry in exchange for equipment and the time to do the research.

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Communication

Scientists communicate face to face, by e-mail, by phone, and at international conferences.

Scientists publish their results in scientific journals. Articles are published only after being reviewed by experts in the author’s field.

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1. A hypothesis is

a. information obtained from an experiment.

b. a proposed explanation for observations.

c. a concise statement that summarizes the results of many of experiments.

d. a thoroughly tested explaination for a broad set of observations.

1.3 Section Quiz.

2. Why are articles in scientific journals the most reliable source of information about new scientific discoveries?

a. The articles are reviewed by experts in the author's field.

b. Any article that is submitted is published.

c. Everyone has access to the information.

d. The articles are short and easy to read.

1.3 Section Quiz.

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bellwork how can you learn about recent advances in science? list some available resources. rate...

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