Conflicts in the Middle East

BellworkCan we stop terrorism? Can we stop it through wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? Do the wars make it worse? If you were president, how would you deal with 9/11?

Next classWorld Song Lyrics due!Typed! Print out your lyrics with at least 16 vocab words highlighted or bolded/underlinedAlso print out the lyrics of the original songStaple them togetherFrench Bros. 9/11 DocumentaryAssignment: Afghanistan WarAmerican Response immediate worldwide reaction condemns act and pledges support for America

Sept 13 - Osama bin Laden is identified officially as prime suspect of attack and US promised a sustained military action to bring justice bin Laden denies responsibility

Sept 14 50,000 reservists called to active duty, Taliban warns against attacking Afghanistan, names of hijackers released

National Cathedral, September 14New York skyline on September 16, 2001

American ResponseSept 16 Bush pledges a crusade against evil-doersmessage delivered to Taliban through Pakistan to hand over Osama bin Laden or risk attack refusals comes on Sept 21Sept 20 international support for attack grows US aircrafts transported to Persian Gulf Bush tells US military to be prepared because The hour is coming when America will act and you will make us proud. Afghanis begin fleeing to border Islamic clerics ask bin Laden to voluntarily leave Afghanistan

American ResponseSept 26 - U.S. and Pakistani officials agree on military preparations for combating bin Ladens terrorist network in Afghanistan Sept 30 Afghanistan acknowledges they communicate with bin Laden and are keeping him safe bin Laden renews calls for attacks on Jews and AmericansOct 4 Great Britain Prime Minister Tony Blair outlines case against bin Laden and Pakistan becomes 1st Muslim nation to say there is enough evidence to incriminate al-Qaeda

USS EnterpriseSmoldering ruins of WTC, October 2Operation Enduring FreedomOct 6 Bush warns Afghanistan time is running out and to hand over all terrorists; they refuseOct 7 US and Great Britain begin missile strikes against Taliban and al-Qaeda bases; Bush says, "We will not waver, we will not tire, we will not falter, and we will not fail."

Operation Enduring FreedomOct 19 After almost 2 weeks of aerial bombardments, US Army Rangers launch raids into Afghanistan from PakistanOct 20 2 US soldiers die in a helicopter crash 1st military casualties of the warOct 24 Patriot Act passes House and is signed into law by Bush on Oct 26

Bush increases pressure on world to participate in the Global War on Terror (GWOT)A coalition partner must do more than just express sympathy, a coalition partner must perform. That means different things for different nations. Some nations dont want to contribute troops and we understand that. Other nations can contribute intelligence-sharing. ... But all nations, if they want to fight terror, must do somethingOver time its going to be important for nations to know they will be held accountable for inactivity. Youre either with us or against us in the fight against terror.- George W. Bush, November 6, 2001

The Bush War TeamOperation Enduring Freedom

Nov 9 After heavy bombardment and US support, Northern Alliance capture major city of Mazar-e-Sharif Strategy is to allow Northern Alliance to win war against Taliban with US and Coalition supportNov 13 Taliban leave Kabul; US begins speeding formation of new governmentToo much? Proportional?Operation Enduring FreedomNov 25 Americans land hundreds of marines around the southern city of Kandahar last stronghold of the TalibanFocused efforts to capture bin Laden on the Tora Bora section of the rugged mountains of southern Afghanistan makes first public comment regarding Saddam Hussein in the Global War on Terror Saddam is evil. I think he's got weapons of mass destruction, and I think he needs to open up his country to let us inspect.

Restrepo

Operation Enduring FreedomDec 7 last stronghold of Taliban, Kandahar, falls; conflicting reports of Mullah Omar captured, escaped, released?; Hamid Karzai named interim leader of government; US continues bombing of Tora Bora

- US issues ultimatum to al-Qaeda fighters in Tora Bora; continue bombingsOperation Enduring Freedom

Mid-December Northern Alliance troops enter Tora Bora; find more than 200 al-Qaeda fighters dead and 35 fighters surrender; no Osama bin Laden or Ayman al-Zawahiri - Later reports confirm bin Laden escaped to Pakistan primarily due to lack of US troop presence only 100 US soldiers in Tora Bora to block escapeOperation Enduring Freedom Mullah Omar also escapes Kandahar bin Laden, al-Zawahiri, and Mullah Omar are all still at large believed bin Laden paid locals to help him escape recent history of Pakistan affected by these men helped with resurgence of Taliban in Pakistan

- By the end of the year, military acknowledges bin Ladens escape but Administration says he is on the run and is powerless Operation Enduring Freedom

hunt for bin Laden continues into 2002 and beyond reconstruction of Afghanistan begins cost of war in Afghanistan, including reconstruction over $405 billion- national elections held in Oct, 2004 Hamid Karzai elected with 55% of the vote sworn in despite claims of voter fraud

Operation Enduring Freedom -2002 and beyond three-fold effort in Afghanistan find and capture Osama bin Laden root out Taliban resistance and neutralize stabilize and rebuild government structures to bring normality to AfghanisTaliban flees to mountains to re-organize fight asymmetric war IEDs, suicide bombing, limited engagement, disrupt civilian life, etc.

- attention of US after 2003 turns to Iraq!Obama Turns Attention to AfghanistanWhen Obama is elected, he runs on a promise to end the Iraq War and focus on Afghanistan. He does a surge of his own, but early results show not much of a change in the current situation.War is planned to end in 2014

Jump to the FutureThe assassination of Osama bin LadenDetailsWe knew the name of a trusted Osama courier. Got it years ago.Last August we tracked down that courier.We followed him, noticed he was going in a mansion.Obama met with his national security team five times in the last 30 days (April 2011).

The Compound10 18 foot walls8 times bigger than the other surrounding houses (which are also mansions)No phone or internetVery few windowsOnly 100 yards from a Pakistan army training school (Whhhaaa?)Move in!On Friday, Obama gave the go ahead to take out bin Laden.Weather pushed back the attack until Sunday at 1am.Four helicopters moved in on his compoundForty soldiers stormed the compound and a firefight ensuedKilled!Four people were killed in the attack (no Americans)Two of Osamas trusted couriers, one of which was his son.One woman used as a human shieldAnd OSAMA BIN LADENShot in the headDNA evidence confirmed the body was his as well as facial recognition and identification from one of his wivesObama AnnouncesWord began to leak at 6pm PST yesterday (May 1, 2011).Obama gives a speech outlining some detailsCrowds gather in front of the White House and at the World Trade Center to celebrateImpactWhat is the deal with Pakistan? Were they harboring him?America finally shows some strength after chasing OBL for 10 years; restores some prideMost positive news weve had since the fall of the Berlin WallAl-Qaeda remains just as strong, probably.Did Obama just win reelection for 2012?Looks much stronger foreign policy-wise

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Assignment: 9/11 Impact and the Iraq War

Anti-Terrorism ActionsBush creates Department of Homeland Security in 2002Analyzes threats, secure borders and airportsColor system eliminated by Obama (arbitrary)

Homeland Security Looks for SleepersA sleeper is a an agent that enters a country and blends into a communityalways ready to commit terrorist act9/11 hijackers were sleepers

The Patriot ActAllowed the government to:Detain foreigners suspected of terrorism for seven days without charging them with a crime.Tap all phones used by suspects and monitor their e-mail and Internet use.Make search warrants valid across states.Order U.S. banks to investigate sources of large foreign accounts.Prosecute terrorist crimes without any time restrictions or limitations.Some people fear that the law allows the government to violate our rights guaranteed in the Constitution.

IraqLed by Saddam Hussein since 1979Saddam had invaded Kuwait (Desert Storm) and was on our bad sideUnited Nations inspectors were supposed to be allowed to go into Iraq to check that he was complying with cease fire.In 1998, he stopped letting UN inspectors enter the country.

9/11 Makes Bush WorriedAfter 9/11, President Bush feared Hussein was providing terrorists with weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)Saddam denies, but does not allow UN inspectors in Iraq.Finally, in 2002, Saddam allows inspectors into the country.They dont find any WMDs, but Bush is not convinced.

Iraq and Al-QaedaBush draws connections between Iraq and Al-Qaeda, claiming that Saddam intended to sell WMD to Bin Laden for use against the United States.

He Has WMDsColin Powell gave presentation to the UN using audiotapes, satellite photos, and other evidence to argue that Saddam was hiding WMDs.The US and Britain pushed for a resolution in the UN that would authorize war against Iraq.

Protests Against WarCrowds of antiwar protesters participated in more than 600 rallies around the globe on a single day in February. An estimated 750,000 protestors turned out in the largest demonstration ever in the British capital. Most of the demonstrations were peaceful.

War in IraqOn March 17, 2003, President Bush gave Hussein 48 hours to leave Iraq. After the dictator refused, the United States and Great Britain launched Operation Iraqi Freedom.

War in IraqThe war began with massive air raids; sections of Baghdad were the primary targets U.S. ground troops They arrived at the outskirts of the Iraqi capital by April 2. Within a week, Baghdad fell to the U.S. military. Hussein survived the attack and went into hiding.

Saddam Found on Dec 13, 2003

Government in IraqThe United States hosted a meeting with Iraqi representation to determine the future government of Iraq. The representatives adopted a 13-point statement, stating that Iraq would respect diversity and rule by law. However, one of the countrys main Shia groups, the Iranian-based Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution and refused to attend.

Search for WMDsMuch of the case for going to war against Iraq was based on the belief that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction. Once major combat ended on May 1, U.S. forces began an extensive search for these weapons. By late-2004, chemical or biological weaponry had not been found.

Iraqi InsurgentsSince the downfall of Saddam, insurgents (fighters) continue to attack US troops in IraqMany fight for different reasonsMainly, Iraq has two religious groups that dont like each other (Sunni and Shia)Because of this, Iraq is in a civil war

How Many?Estimates of the number of insurgents are impossible to confirm. By 2006, US military estimates ranged from 8,000 to 20,000, although Iraqi intelligence officials have issued figures as high as 40,000 fighters plus another 160,000 supporters. Fighters have been found among the insurgents from countries including Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Sudan.

The 2007 SurgeThe War in Iraq was not going wellViolence was increasing dailyBush responded by making the (unpopular) decision to send in many more troops to Iraq.Amazingly this surge has helped reduce violence in Iraq, but questions still remain about what happens when we withdraw from the country.

Iraqs FutureIraq is now a democracy, but like all new democracies, is struggling with the complexities of this new government.American troops left Iraq on December 18, 2011

Talk to an IraqiTop: What are al-Qaedas goals? Translate each one as if youre explaining to your little brother.

Bottom: Based on Al-Qaedas strategy and goals, do you think they have been successful in fighting the United States? What can we do to keep them from being successful?

Al-Qaeda: Successful or Unsuccessful?Provoke the United States into invading a Muslim country.Incite local resistance to occupying US forces.Expand the conflict to neighboring countries, and engage the U.S. in a long war of attrition.Convert Al-Qaeda into an ideology and set of operating principles that can be loosely franchised in other countries without requiring direct command and control.The U.S. economy will finally collapse under the strain of too many engagements in too many places, similarly to theSoviet war in Afghanistan.

Osama bin Laden Wanted PosterTell me four reasons why hes wantedTell me 3 reasons why he hates the United StatesReward: $27,000,000Tell me last known whereaboutsInclude details that youve learned in class such as: his wealth, where he was actually caught, how he defeated the Soviet Union in Afghanistan