Bellringer/9.1 NotesWatch the short video clip and describe the changes that have occurred in the human population. What do you think has caused the recent rapid growth?

9.1 Studying Human Populations

I. The Human Population Over Time

A. Increased exponentially

1. Biggest increases around the time of industrial and scientific revolutions

a. Increased food production

b. Improvements in hygiene

II. Forecasting Population Size

A. ____________– distribution of ages in a specific population at a certain timeAge Structure

B. __________– Percentage of members of a group that are likely to survive to any given age.Survivorship

1. Determined by observing a group of people born at the same time and noting when each member dies

2. Three types:

a. Type I – Most members of the population survive to be very old

c. Type III – The young have a greater chance of dying than adults

b. Type II – Population has a constant death rate at all ages

C. __________– Number of babies born per year per 1,000 womenFertility Rate

D. _______ – Movement of individuals between areasMigration

III. Declining Death Rates & Demographic Transitions

A. ____________– Avg. number of years a person is likely to liveLife Expectancy

1. Most affected by infant morality – the death rate of infants less than one year old

a. Mostly affected by parents’ access to:

i. Educationii. Foodiii. Fueliv. Clean Water

A. ___________________– Model that describes how populations grow and developDemographic Transition

1. Broken down into four stages:

a. Stage 1 – Preindustrial

i. Birth rate and death rate high

ii. Population size low

b. Stage 2 – Transitional

i. Birth rate high, death rate falls

ii. Population size grows quickly

c. Stage 3 – Industrial

i. Birth rate & death rate close

ii. Population size stabilizes but larger than before

d. Stage 4 – Postindustrial

i. Birth rate low, death rate high

ii. Population size decreases

Demographic Transition Graph

Bellringer/9.2 Notes

What would happen if the population of White Plains doubled but the number of schools, roads, stores, and houses remained the same?

9.2 Changing Population Trends

A. Many problems would surface if the human population grows faster than the environment can replace resources such as:

I. Problems of Rapid Growth

1. Clean water2. Burnable fuel3. Arable land

II. Fuel Wood, Water, and Land

A. Rapidly expanding populations use fuel wood faster than can be replaced by new tree growth

1. This leads to deforestation2. Also leads to shortages of fuel wood

B. Developing countries that lack infrastructure use local water supplies for:

1. Drinking2. Washing3. Sewage disposal

i. This pollutes the ground water and leads to the spread of disease

1. Rapidly growing populations must decide how to use arable land:

i. Agricultureii. Housingiii. Natural habitats

C. __________– Land use to grow cropsArable Land

D. __________– People moving living in cities rather than in rural areasUrbanization

1. Urbanization leads to _____________:

i. Growth of suburban areas outside of cities

suburban sprawl

III. A Demographically Diverse World

A. Demographers (people who study human population) usually place countries into one of two categories:

1. Developed (USA, Japan, Canada)2. Developing (Afghanistan, Kenya, Haiti)

B. Areas with relatively stable populations:

1. Europe, North America, Russia, S. Korea, Thailand, China, Japan, Australia, New Zealand (ALL DEVELOPED COURNTRIES)

Global Growth Trends